Omunye woshaka abangavamile emhlabeni yi- goblin shark , ebonakala ohlwini lwezinhlanzi ezingavamile . Igama layo liveza isimo esingavamile, lapho uqala ukusibona, esidinga inhlonipho . Nakuba sibukeka njengoshaka ovele enoveli yenganekwane, singokoqobo kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, iqiniso lidlula inganekwane , futhi lesi ngesinye salezo zimo: i-goblin shark iyi-shark yangempela ehlala ekujuleni kolwandle.
Ufuna ukufunda zonke izimfihlo ngalo shaka oyingqayizivele? Lapha siwuchaza ngokuningiliziwe, ngolwazi olwandisiwe nolubuyekeziwe mayelana nebhayoloji yawo, indawo yokuhlala, kanye nokuziphatha kwawo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lona ushaka onesimo esiyingqayizivele esingowomndeni wakwaMitsukurinidae. Lo mndeni usuphelile, ngaphandle kwalolu hlobo, yingakho uvame ukubhekwa "njengezinto eziphilayo ." Nakuba ukubukeka kwawo kungase kuphazamise, awufinyeleli ngobukhulu obukhulu: ukhula ube ngamamitha ayi-6 ubude futhi ungasinda kufika ku-700 kg . Umzimba wawo mude futhi ucindezelwe eceleni , ukuma okuwusiza ukuthi ushelele phansi kolwandle futhi uhambe kahle emanzini ajulile.
Ngenxa yokuthi ihlala ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane kakhulu , iye yathuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphawulekayo. Isici sayo esiphawulekayo yikhala layo elide kakhulu neliyisicaba, uhlobo lwe-"rostrum" noma "rostrum" equkethe ama-organelle e-electroreceptor (ama-ampullae e-Lorenzini) athola amasimu kagesi akhishwa ezinye izilwane. Lesi sici, sihlanganiswe nombono wayo kanye nomuzwa wokuhogela , sivumela ukuthi ithole inyamazane ngaphandle kokuthembela ekukhanyeni okuzungezile.
Umhlathi mude kakhulu futhi umncane , kanti umlomo utholakala ngaphansi kwempumulo. Uyakwazi ukuziphakamisa phambili ngendlela emangalisayo lapho ubamba isisulu, unwebeka ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Unamazinyo angaba yi -100 kuya ku-120 , ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana. Ukubalwa kwamazinyo okuningiliziwe kubonisa ukuthi kunemigqa ephakathi kuka -35 no-53 emhlathini ongaphezulu kanye nemigqa ephakathi kuka-31 no-62 emhlathini ongezansi, ngamazinyo amakhulu, acijile ngaphambili kanye namazinyo amancane ngemuva. Sekukonke, amazinyo ayabonakala ngisho nalapho umlomo uvaliwe ngama-engeli athile.
Ubukhulu bala mazinyo buyahlukahluka futhi bukhula njengoba eshintshwa, kugcwalisa izikhala ezitholakalayo emlonyeni. Nakuba ukuhlelwa kungase kubonakale kungaqondile, amazinyo asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni nasekubambeni inyamazane eshelelayo ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi.
Amaphiko nombala
Amaphiko angemuva nawesifuba mancane kakhulu futhi avame ukubonakala kakhulu kunamaphiko esifuba nawesinqe, amakhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Amaphiko angemuva anezingqimba eziyindilinga, ezihambisana nesitayela sokubhukuda esihamba kancane kanye nemisipha enamandla amancane kuneyabanye oshaka abasheshayo. Lo mklamo uchaza ingxenye yesu lawo lokuzingela, elisekelwe ekusondeleni okucashile kanye nokuhlasela kwemihlathi okuqhumayo.
Ngokuphathelene nombala wayo, isikhumba sayo simhlophe ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusukela kobomvana obumhlophe kuya kobomvu obunsundu . Ukubukeka kwayo okubonakalayo okubomvu kungenxa yesikhumba sayo esincane, esikhanyayo, lapho imithambo yegazi ibonakala khona, hhayi ukuthi imbozwe igazi. Uma isuswa emanzini, umbala ungaphenduka ube nsundu ngokushesha . Amehlo ayo mancane , uphawu oluhambisana nokuphila ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane kakhulu.
Ukudla nendawo yokuhlala
Njengabanye oshaka, i-goblin shark idla inyama . Ukudla kwayo kufaka phakathi i-squid nezinye i-cephalopods , ama-crustacean (ama-crabs nama -ostracod , phakathi kwezinye), kanye nezinhlanzi ezihlala phansi nezingaphansi kwamanzi . Ngezinye izikhathi zingadla ama-bivalve kuye ngendawo kanye nokutholakala kokudla. Ngokuvamile, amazinyo azo enzelwe ukubamba nokubamba inyamazane kunokuba ayinqume, ngakho-ke zivame ukugwinya izingcezu eziphelele noma izingcezu ezinkulu.
Zingazingela zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yokubona , iphunga, kanye nokwamukela ngogesi . Naphezu kokuba zingabantu ababhukuda ngokushesha, ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye eziphumelelayo : zisondela kancane, zinciphisa ukunyakaza kwamaphiko azo ukuze zingaqapheli izisulu zazo, futhi ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, zisunduza imihlathi yazo phambili ngesivinini esikhulu, zibambe isisulu sazo ngokuzumayo. Zivame ukusebenzisa izimo zokukhanya okuphansi kanye nokudideka kwemvelo ukuze zihlasele.
Ngokuphathelene nendawo yokuhlala kanye nokusabalala kwayo, itholakala olwandle oluningi lomhlaba : entshonalanga nasempumalanga ye-Atlantic, entshonalanga ye-Indian Ocean, kanye nasentshonalanga yePacific. Ukuba khona kwayo kubhalwe kakhulu kusukela e-Australia kuya ogwini lwaseJapan , yize amasampula eqoshwe ezindaweni ezifana neNingizimu Afrika, iTanzania, iBrazil, iGulf of Mexico , ngisho nasezindaweni ezifudumele kakhulu enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic. Ukusabalala kwayo okubanzi akukhawulelwe esifundeni esithile sendawo , okwenza kube yisitha esingalindelekile futhi esinzima ukusifunda.
Ngokujula, ithatha izindawo ezisukela emanzini ajulile (amamitha angamakhulu amaningana) kuya ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1,000. Amarekhodi athembekile avame ukuyibeka ekujuleni kwamamitha angu- 200-300 futhi ngobuningi cishe amamitha ayi-1.300-1.400 , yize ingenza ukunyakaza okuqondile ukuze isebenzise amafasitela ashisayo noma ashisayo . Kwezinye izindawo, izingane ezincane ziye zabonwa zisebenzisa amanzi angajulile kunezindala.
Ukuzala nokuziphatha kukashaka wegoblin
Lo shaka uwuhlobo oluyimfihlakalo, olunokunyakaza okubanzi, okungalindelekile okungagcini kunoma iyiphi indawo ethile. Ukuzala kwalo akuqondwa kahle ngenxa yokuphila kwalo olwandle olujulile, kodwa kwaziwa ukuthi luyi-ovoviviparous : ama-embryo akhula emaqandeni ahlala esibelethweni sowesifazane kuze kube yilapho echamisela. Njengabanye oshaka abanaleli qhinga, likhiqiza inzalo embalwa , kodwa likhulu kakhulu , okwandisa izinga lokusinda kwalo kokuqala.
Iyakwazi ukufuduka ibanga elide ukuze ihlangane , futhi izinsikazi ezivuthiwe zitholakale ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, okuphakamisa ukuthi zikhula kahle ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinye izindawo. Nakuba idatha ingekho, ukukhulelwa kubhekwa njengokungaphakathi futhi, ngemva kokukhulelwa, amaphuphu alungele ukuzondla ngenxa yemihlathi yawo esebenzayo kusukela ekuzalweni.
Ngokuphathelene nokuziphatha kwayo, ihamba kancane futhi ngokuvamile izolile , inesu elisekelwe ekuzingeleni ngokucashile . Ivame ukukhulisa umsebenzi wayo ngezikhathi zokukhanya okuphansi , njengangaphambi kokusa kanye nasebusuku, lapho yenza ukunyakaza okuqondile futhi ihlola izingqimba zamanzi ezikhiqizayo kakhulu. Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo, ayiyona ingozi kubantu , futhi akukho ukuhlaselwa okuqinisekisiwe okuye kwabhalwa phansi; noma kunjalo, ukulunywa kungabangela umonakalo ngenxa yamazinyo ayo abukhali.
Umhlathi namazinyo aqinile: usibamba kanjani isisulu saso
Isici esivelele kakhulu sokwakheka kwe-goblin shark umhlathi wayo ophumayo . Le ndlela isebenza njengesiphethu sezinto eziphilayo: ngemva kokusondela kancane, i-shark iyivula kancane bese ngokuzumayo ikhipha imihlathi yomibili ngaphandle, yandisa ububanzi bayo bokuluma kanye nesivinini sokuvala. Impumulo isebenza njengenzwa , iqondisa ukuluma kokugcina emthonjeni wensimu kagesi etholakele, kungaba inhlanzi, i-cephalopod, noma i-crustacean.
Amazinyo ayo angaphambili amancane, agobile aklanyelwe ukubamba nokubopha inyamazane, kuyilapho amazinyo amancane angemuva aqinile esiza ekubambeni . Lo mklamo wamazinyo uchaza ukuthi kungani, ngokungafani noshaka abanamazinyo abukhali, i-goblin shark inamathuba amaningi okugwinya inyamazane enomzimba othambile, njenge-squid, ibambe izinhlanzi eziphelele futhi ziqine ezinamabala athambile ngaphandle kokuzisika ngokushesha.
Ukusabalalisa, ukujula nokunyakaza
I-goblin shark iqoshwe ezindaweni eziningi zezwekazi kanye naseziqhingini zase-Atlantic, Indian, kanye nasePacific Oceans. Ibonakala ngemithambeka yezwekazi , izintaba zasemanzini, kanye namashalofu ajulile, lapho ukutholakala kwezilwane ezidla izinhlanzi zasemanzini kanye nezilwane zasemanzini kuvumela ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Ezifundeni eziningana, izingane ezincane ziye zabonwa kaningi ekujuleni okujulile kunabantu abadala, okuphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokuhlala ye-ontogenetic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lungenza ukunyakaza okuqondile kwansuku zonke , lusondela ebusweni ebusuku lufuna ukudla futhi lubuyele ezingqimbeni ezijulile emini. Lokhu kuqina okuqondile, kuhlangene nokusabalala kwalo kabanzi , kunegalelo ekubeni lungabonakali kakhulu, njengoba ulwazi oluningi olutholakalayo luvela ekubanjweni okungazelelwe kokudoba ngama-trawl olwandle olujulile.
Isimo sokulondoloza kanye nezinsongo
Nakuba ingavamile ukuhlaselwa yizinhlanzi ezithile, i-goblin shark ivame ukubanjwa ngengozi emigodini yokudoba kanye namanethi okukhukhuleka. Iningi labantu ababanjwa ngengozi bangamancane , okuholela ekuphetheni kokuthi abantu abadala bachitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle kobubanzi bokujula lapho kusebenza khona imikhumbi eminingi. Emhlabeni jikelele, ibhalwe njengohlobo olungenakukhathazeka kakhulu ngenxa yobuthakathaka bayo obubonakalayo obuphansi; nokho, lokhu kuhlolwa kuncishiswa ukungaqiniseki okuvela kudatha elinganiselwe, okwenza ukuqapha nokuphathwa kwezindawo zokudoba ezijulile kubaluleke kakhulu.
Omunye umthombo wokucindezeleka isithakazelo sabaqoqi emihlathini yabo, okungakhuthaza ukubanjwa okungafunwa. Kunoma ikuphi, njengoba kuyisilwane esihlala olwandle olujulile futhi esingavamile ebusweni, ukuxhumana nabantu kuncane kakhulu, futhi amarekhodi amaningi avela ohambweni lwesayensi kanye nokubanjwa okungafanele.
Ilukuluku namaqiniso angaziwa
– Kuwuhlobo oluthile kunzima kakhulu ukugcina ekuthunjweni, futhi izibonelo ezimbalwa ezifike ziphila ezikhungweni ziye zasinda isikhashana; i-physiology yabo ijwayele izingcindezi eziphezulu namazinga okushisa aphansi.
- Umzimba wakho unokuvumelana engacacile uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye oshaka be-pelagic; lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nendlela yokuphila ye izindleko eziphansi zamandla futhi baqamekele.
- Oshaka be-Goblin ngezinye izikhathi basondela emanzini ngezingqimba ukukhiqiza okukhulu ebusuku, isizakala ngokufuduka okuqondile kwezinhlanzi ze-zooplankton ne-mesopelagic eziphuma ebumnyameni.
- Yabo amazinyo angaphambili abonakalayo Ngisho noma imilomo yabo ivaliwe, baye babhebhezela umfanekiso odumile owesabekayo, nakuba empeleni kuwushaka. abangenalo ulaka nabantu.
I-goblin shark ivele njengochwepheshe bokujula: i-shark enokwakheka okuhlukile , enempumulo ezwakalayo evumela ukuthi ibone isisulu ebumnyameni kanye nomhlathi obonakalayo ofanelekela ukuqamekela. Ukusabalala kwayo okubanzi, imikhuba engaqondakali, kanye nendlela yokuphila yolwandle olujulile kuchaza ukuthi kungani ingavamile ukubonwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokubuka olwandle olujulile buthuthuka, kunethemba lokuthi kuzokwembulwa okwengeziwe mayelana nokuzala kwayo, ukunyakaza kwayo, kanye nemvelo , ngenkathi kukhunjulwa isidingo sokuphatha kahle ukudoba olwandle olujulile ukuze kulondolozwe inani labantu abaphilile.