Omunye woshaka owaziwa ukuthi ungomunye wezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu ezikhona emhlabeni yi ushaka we-eel. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi ifosili ephilayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi silwane besiphile kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando futhi sisaphila nanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, yize lokhu kungaba okujwayelekile kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo, lokhu akukaze kube nokuvela kwesinye isikhathi sonke lesi sikhathi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko kushaka othosiwe. Uma ufuna ukuze bafunde ngebhayoloji yabo, indlela yokuphila, ukudla kanye nokuzalaLokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho
Izici eziyinhloko
Imvamisa, zonke izinhlobo zezinto ziyahlangabezana nokujwayeleka kwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ziguquke. Izimo zezemvelo kanye nokuxhumana nabanye abantu ezindaweni zemvelo nasezimisweni zezemvelo akuhlali kufana ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zivame ukuthuthuka kuzakhi zazo zofuzo amanye amasu azisizayo ukuze ziphile kangcono kulezi zindawo futhi ukuze uphumelele kakhulu kukho kokubili ukusinda nokukhiqiza kabusha.
Nokho, ushaka othosiwe awukashintshi kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Ihlala iyisilwane esicishe sifane naso ngesikhathi siqala. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-fossil ephilayo, njengoba iwuhlobo lwezilwane olunayo izici ze-prehistory. Yize kuyisilwane esaziwa kakhulu ngabantu cishe emhlabeni wonke, akukho lwazi oluningi olwaziwayo ngaso.
Yaziwa ngamagama amaningi ngoba iwuhlobo oludumile. Igama elithi shark othosiwe livela ekumeni okufana nenyoka. Ingowomndeni wakwaChlamydoselachidae futhi iyingxenye ye amaqembu amakhulu de peces futhi unamanye amagama ajwayelekile njenge-ruff shark. Okwamanje, Lokhu singakubona ekuhloleni ukongiwa kwemvelo okunesimo esivame ukuhluka phakathi kokuthi "ukukhathazeka okuncane" kanye "okuseduze nokusongelwa". kuye ngendawo kanye nomthombo okuxoxwe ngawo. Isizathu sokuthi ibonakale ngokukhathazeka okuthile ukuthi ibanjwa ngenhlanhla ezindaweni zokudoba ekujuleni kolwandle (i-trawling kanye ne-down longlining) futhi umjikelezo wayo wokuphila uhamba kancane kakhulu.
Lapho befika kusuka ekujuleni kuya phezulu bafika sebeshonile, ngoba abakwazi ukumelana nezinguquko ezingazelelwe kwengcindezi. Esinye isici abacishe basongelwe ukuthi ukuzala okuhamba kancane abanakho. Uma singeza ukuthi badinga iminyaka eminingi ukuzala futhi bandise inani labo ababanjwe ngalo ngengozi, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi inani labantu bohlobo oluthile lincane futhi lincane.
Descripción
Umzimba ka-eel shark mncane kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nabanye oshaka. Ungumzimba ofana nowe-eel. Imvamisa, Zinobude obujwayelekile obungamamitha ama-2Lokhu akusho ukuthi bonke abantu bangalo sayizi. Ezinye zirekhodwe ngobude obufika kumamitha angu-4.
Impumulo isengxenyeni emaphakathi yengaphambili lekhanda elinomumo oyindilinga. Yize kungacaci ngokuphelele, iphatha cishe amazinyo angama-300 esewonke. Izisabalalisiwe emigqeni engu-25 eguqukayo, okusho ukuthi cishe noma iyiphi inyamazane ayikwazi ukuphunyula kulo shaka obulalayo.
Amandla anawo emhlathini wayo nokuma kwayo kuyisiza ukuthi igwinye inyamazane enkulu ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Umbala kashaka unombala onsundu onsundu. Inamaphiko emumva, okhalweni nasesinqeni ngaphezu kokuvuleka kwama-gill ayisithupha.
Babhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu. Okunye okuthandwayo okuheha ukunakwa kwalaba oshaka ukuthi, uma bebhukuda ngejubane eliphezulu, bakwenza lokho bevule imilomo. Lezi yizilwane ezingakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwendawo yazo noma ekuthunjweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zithola ukunakekelwa kangakanani..
Izici zokuqala ze-anatomical Izici eziwuhlukanisa nabanye oshaka besimanje zihlanganisa a umlomo wokugcina (esichosheni sekhala hhayi endaweni ye-ventral), ubukhona be amapheya ayisithupha ezimbobo zegill Ipheya labo lokuqala lakha "i-ruff" noma i-frill ezungeze umphimbo, kanye neyodwa i-dorsal fin kude kakhulu emuva, ebekwe maqondana ne-anal. I isiteshi esiseceleni ingaphezulu kakhulu futhi ibonakala, futhi i-axial axis igcina u-a i-notochord eqinile ngokuqiniswa kwe-cartilaginous, isici esibhekwa njengokhokho phakathi kwama-elasmobranchs.
I-Las ama-pectoral mancane futhi ayindilingaI-pelvic ne-anal ducts mikhulu futhi inde, futhi umsila uwiswe phansiene-terminal lobe engachazwa kahle. Amehlo amise okweqanda, awanalo ulwelwesi oludonsayo, futhi amazinyo awo anamazinyo e-tricuspid acijile ngokwedlulele, abheke emuva, alungele ukubonwa. gcina inyamazane eshelelayo njenge-squid. Nakuba izibonelo ezinkulu zibikiwe, ubude obuphelele obuqinisekiswa kakhulu bungu ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-2nabesifazane abakhudlwana kancane kunabesilisa. Encane, ekuzalweni, ngokuvamile iyakala phakathi kuka-40 no-60 cm.
Indawo nendawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo
Lezi zilwane zihlala ekujuleni okukhulu impela. Phakathi kwalokhu nokuthi abanakugcinwa ekuthunjweni, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngalezi zinhlobo. Awukwazi nje ukwenza izifundo ngazo. Imvamisa zihlala endaweni ejulile engama-600 metres, ubuncane bamamitha ayi-150. Yisona esiseduze kunazo zonke ezake zabonwa ngaphezulu.
Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuzenza akhuphukele phezulu Kumelwe bafune ukudla ngokukhulu ukushesha. Nokho bakwenza ebusuku ngoba abafuni nhlobo ukubonwa.
Indawo yayo yokusatshalaliswa ibanzi impela kepha inokuhlamvu okungajwayelekile. Singawathola e-Angola, eChile, eNew Zealand, eJapane, eSpain, nase-Atlantic nasePacific Ocean.
Ngokuningiliziwe, iwuhlobo lwezilwane i-bathydemersal kanye ne-benthopelagic kusukela emaphethelweni amashalofu ezwekazi kanye nemithambeka. Uhla lwayo lwe-bathymetric yomhlaba wonke olubhaliwe luhlanganisa cishe kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-1.600 m, kaningi phakathi 120-1.250 m (kwezinye izindawo, 270–1.280 m). Akuvamile ukubonwa eduze nendawo, futhi ukubonakala okungaphezulu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nayo abantu abafayo noma abadidekile ngenxa yezinguquko zengcindezi.
Thumela a ukusatshalaliswa kwesichibi emanzini abandayo napholile I-Atlantic ne-Pacific Oceanenamarekhodi emaphethelweni ezwekazi kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres. E-Atlantic, irekhodiwe ukusuka ezindaweni eziphakeme enyakatho-mpumalanga kuya ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo eningizimu-ntshonalanga, okuhlanganisa neziqhingi ze-oceanic; ePacific, kunemibiko evaliwe Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Taiwan, ogwini olusentshonalanga Melika kanye nemikhakha yePacific emaphakathi. Lokhu kuhlukana okusobala kungenxa kokubili i-ecology yayo ejulile kanye ne ukutholakala okuphansi ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zamasampula.
Kukholakala ukuthi uyadlala ukunyakaza ebusukuEbusuku ikhuphukela ochungechungeni olungajulile ifuna inyamazane, futhi emini ihlala emanzini ajulile. Lapho ikholomu yamanzi ifudumala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu, ijwayele gwema amanzi angashoni, okunciphisa ukuthunjwa kwabo ngengozi ngalezo zikhathi.
Ukondla nokukhiqiza kabusha i-eel shark
Loshaka unokudla okuhlukahlukene. Ngenxa yomzimba wayo, oyivumela ukuthi igwinye inyamazane iphelele, Ingadla izinhlobonhlobo zezilwaneUkudla kwayo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-squid, ama-cephalopod, ezinye izinhlanzi, ngisho noshaka.
Ubhekwa njengomzingeli onekhono futhi osatshwayo. Kuvame ukuzingela ebusuku ukugwema ukubonwa nokubamba ezinye izinhlobo ngokungazelele. Ingafihlwa kahle ngenxa yombala wesikhumba sayo futhi iyisebenzisa njengesimanga sokuhlasela isisulu. Mhlawumbe le mpumelelo ekudleni kwayo nakulezi zici yenza kungadingeki ukuthi iguquke ukuze ivumelane nezindawo ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yombala wayo ifihliwe, ibhukuda ngejubane eliphezulu futhi inemigqa yamazinyo nomhlathi oyivumela ukuthi igwinye isisulu sonke. Ngazo zonke lezi zici, akudingeki ukuthi ziguquke, ngakho-ke kuseseyinhlobo yakudala, kepha namuhla.
Mayelana nokuzala kwayo, kungohlobo lwe-ovoviviparous. Ekuzalweni ngakunye kunezingane eziphakathi kuka-5 no-12. Abancane badinga isikhathi eside sokukhulelwa. Kumele bakhule phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nengu-3. Lokhu yilokhu esikhulume ngakho ngaphambili ngesinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi loluhlobo lusengozini. Phakathi kokubanjwa ngengozi, isidingo sezikhathi zokukhulelwa ezineminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 futhi, kuyo yonke inzalo, hhayi bonke baba ngabantu abadala, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi abantu babe yingozi.
Lapho nje abasha sebeshiyile isidumbu sikanina, ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-40 no-60 cm ubude. Bayizisulu zezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye lapho bengakakwazi ukuzivikela.
Ucwaningo lokuqukethwe kwesisu oluvela ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene lubonisa ukuthi ukudla kwabo kunjalo ebaluleke kakhulu kuma-cephalopodsikakhulukazi i-decapod squid (kwamanye amasampula eqa ingxenye yezinto ezirekhodiwe). Izinhlobo zegenera sezikhonjiwe I-Onychoteuthis, I-Sthenoteuthis, I-Gonatus, Histioteuthis, I-Chiroteuthis y I-Mastigoteuthis, phakathi kwabanye. Iphinde idle teleost fish ezihlukahlukene (ngezilinganiso ezincane) futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, abanye oshaka be-deep-seaZivame ukutholakala eziswini zazo. imilomo ye-squid nama-vertebraeLokhu kuphakamisa ukugayeka kokudla okusheshayo kwezingxenye ezithambile kanye/noma izinga eliphansi lokuphakela ezindaweni ezintula izinsiza.
Indlela yakhe yokuzingela ihlanganisa ukucupha okunganyakazi ngokuqhuma kwejubane, iziqhubela njengenyoka ukuya ukuqamekela phezu kwempango ehamba ngokushesha. Ekuthunjweni kubonakale bhukuda uvule umlomoKuye kwaphakanyiswa (ngokuqagela) ukuthi ukubenyezela kwamazinyo amhlophe kungase kuhehe inyamazane ekukhanyeni okuphansi, nakuba ukuzingela okuqondile kungakaze kubhalwe ngokucacile endle. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokubamba, kungenzeka buyisela emuva okuqukethwe kwesisu, ngokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umthwalo futhi kube lula ukuphunyuka.
Mayelana nokuzala, ngaphezu kokuba i-ovoviviparousIbonisa izici eziyingqayizivele phakathi koshaka ojulile olwandle. Ama-Litters ahluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-15 pups (ngezilinganiso ezisondele kokuyisithupha), kanye ne Ukukhulelwa yinde ngokungavamile, kulinganiselwa phakathi iminyaka emibili nemithathu nengxenyeImibungu ikhula kancane kakhulu (approx. 1,4 cm ngenyangafuthi angathola imisoco kumama esezigabeni ezithuthukile zokukhula. Kuye kwachazwa lokho isibeletho sokunene Yisitho esiyinhloko esisebenza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuma kwesibindi nobukhulu. ama-oocyte Zifinyelela ubukhulu obumangalisayo phakathi kwezilwane, inkomba yabanamandla ukutshalwa kwezimali komama kwezinhlobo.
La ukuvuthwa ngokocansi Ngokuvamile kufinyelelwa kwabesilisa ngezansi 1,1 m nakwabesifazane phakathi 1,4-1,5 mAyikho inkathi yokuzala ephawuliwe: kokubili umsebenzi wamasende kwabesilisa kanye ne-ovulation kwabesifazane kubhalwa unyaka wonke, kanti okunye kusolwa. ukuhlukaniswa ngobukhulu nokuvuthwa kuma-aggregate. Kuphakanyiswe izindlela zokuthi ikhefu ekukhuleni kombungu kuye ngokutholakala kokudla kanye nezimo zemvelo.
Ukuziphatha namasiko
Ngaphezu kokuziphatha kwayo kwe i-ambush predator, kubhekwe ukulimala okuvamile ku-caudal fin, ezinye zihlotshaniswa nokuhlanganiswa (ukuluma ukuze kugcinwe isikhundla) kanti abanye ukuze Ukusebenzelana nezilwane ezidla ezinye noma izinto zokudoba. Ukubekezelela kwayo ushintsho lwengcindezi phansi kakhuluukuze izibonelo eziningi zilethwe phezulu abasindiKuwuhlobo oluyimfihlo, olunokutholakala okuphansi, lokho Ayihambisani nokuthunjwa, okukhawulela kakhulu ucwaningo lokuhlola.
I-taxonomy kanye nezigaba
- Umbuso: Izilwane
- Umphetho: I-Chordata
- Isigaba: Skhokho
- Isigaba esingaphansi: elasmobranchii
- I-oda: I-Hexanchiformes
- Umndeni: I-Chlamydoselachidae
- Ubulili: I-Chlamydoselachus
- Izinhlobo: Chlamydoselachus anguineus
Ngaphakathi kohlobo kunolunye uhlobo olusebenzayo, i Ushaka othosiwe wase-Afrika (Chlamydoselachus africana), echazwe kubantu baseNingizimu Afrika. Nakuba behlobene kakhulu, Akufanele badidekeLesi sihloko sigxile C. anguineus, ushaka othosiwe osakazwa kabanzi futhi ngendlela engavamile e-Atlantic nasePacific.
Isimo sokulondoloza kanye nezinsongo
Ushaka othosiwe awunayo intshisekelo eqondile yezohwebo futhi ukuthunjwa kwawo kuvame ukukwenzeka ngengozi ezindaweni zokudoba i-trawling engezansi kanye ne-longliningAbanye babantu uyalahla, futhi ingxenye encane isetshenziselwa i-fishmeal noma ukusetshenziswa kwendawo. ukukhulelwa okudeUkuzala okuphansi okuhlobene nokuvuthwa sekwephuzile kwandisa ubungozi ukuxhashazwa. I ukuqapha okubanjiwe ngengozi Futhi ukukhawulela ukudoba olwandle kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina abantu bezinzile.
Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sayo emhlabeni jikelele kuye kwahluka phakathi "ukukhathazeka okuncane" kanye nezigaba eziqaphileLokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokushoda kwedatha kanye nemvelo ehlukene yezibalo zabo. Ezifundeni ezinomthethonqubo osebenzayo ekujuleni kokudoba Futhi kwezobuciko, ingcindezi ezinhlobonhlobo ivame ukuba ngaphansi. Noma kunjalo, i- ukunwetshwa kwendawo futhi ukudoba ngokujulile kungakhuphula izinga lokubanjwa, ngakho-ke kuyancomeka ukuthi kugcinwe izinhlelo zokudoba. ukuphathwa kwezokuphepha.
Ngithemba lolu lwazi ukukusiza ufunde kabanzi mayelana noshaka othosiwe.
Nakuba kungavamile ukuvela phezulu, i-biology yayo eyingqayizivele-kusuka ku- i-ancestral morphology kuze kube ukumitha isikhathi eside phakathi kwezilwane ezinomgogodla- iyenza idlale indima ebalulekile kuma-ecosystems ajulile. Ukuqonda imvelo yayo, ukunciphisa bycatch kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi le "fossil ephilayo" yangempela iyaqhubeka nokuzulazula emihosheni engaphansi kwamanzi yeplanethi.