Ungase unqume phakathi kwe-aquarium yamanzi ahlanzekile noma amanzi anosawoti. Uma ukhetha le yokugcina, kufanele wazi ukuthi izidingo azifani. I-aquarium yamanzi anosawoti idinga ukunakekelwa okuhlukile kune-aquarium yamanzi ahlanzekile. Uzodinga nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo zasemanzini nezinhlanzi ezifanele izindawo zamanzi anosawoti.
Ufuna ukwazi konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuze i-aquarium yakho yamanzi anosawoti ibe sesimweni esihle ? Qhubeka ufunda, ngoba lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho 
Ukufakwa Kwamanzi Akasawoti
Ukusetha lolu hlobo lwe-aquarium kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela engxenyeni ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, sizohlukanisa ukwakheka kwe-aquarium ibe yisici ngasinye esibalulekile bese sichaza izidingo ezidingekayo. Ngaphambi kokuqala, chaza uhlobo lwephrojekthi ofuna ukuyisungula, njengoba lokhu kuzonquma imishini edingekayo: ithangi lezinhlanzi kuphela lilula kune- aquarium yamatshe anamakhorali nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Izinhlelo zamatshe amdaka zidinga ukukhanya okunzima kakhulu, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, kanye nesikhathi sokuqala esihamba kancane.
Isizinda
Ingxenye engezansi ye-aquarium yasolwandle kumele ivumele isikhala esanele ukuze amakoloni amabhaktheriya e-aerobic azinze . Lawa mabhaktheriya kumele abelane ngesikhala namabhaktheriya angena-aerobic atholakala phansi kolwandle.
Izinto ezifanele kakhulu phansi kolwandle yisihlabathi samakhorali esinamabala aqinile . Lokhu kwaziswa kunikeza okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwelayimu, okusiza ekuqiniseni i-pH. Kuphinde kunikeze ukubukeka okuhle, kwemvelo, nokuhlobisa.
Kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni de peces unayo, uzodinga okungaphansi noma okunye. Isibonelo, kulezo zinhlanzi ze-oda le-Perciformes, inhlabathi eyisihlabathi iyadingeka. Lezi zinhlobo zimbozwe yisihlabathi ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwabo ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izidingo zayo eziyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuthenga inhlanzi.
Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa ugesi onamandla, cabanga ngokusebenzisa isihlabathi esinzima kancane ukuvimbela i-substrate ukuthi ingaphephuki. Ukujula okungu-2-3 cm kukhuthaza ukuhlunga kwezinto eziphilayo futhi kunciphisa amaphakethe e-detritus; uma uhlose i-substrate ejulile enezindawo ezingasebenzi kahle, hlela ukulungiswa kwakho ngokufanele ukuze ugweme ukwakheka.
Ukuhlunga amanzi kasawoti
Ukuze uhlanze ukungcola okuqongelelekayo kuma-aquarium, udinga [Azikho imikhiqizo etholakele] . Lezi zihlungi zifanele ukugcina izinhlayiya ezinkulu kunezihlungi zamanzi ahlanzekile. Izihlungi kumele zihlanzwe njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe amanzi e-aquarium ukuthi angangcoli. Kuphela ngesihlungi esihlanzekile lapho singenza khona ukuthi kuhlale isikhathi eside futhi sigcine amanzi ehlanzekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele sihlanze kakhulu isihlungi ngoba lokhu kuzovimbela ukusungulwa kwamakholoni amabhaktheriya.
Ngaphezu kwesihlungi esiyinhloko, i -protein skimmer ibalulekile kuma-aquarium asolwandle: ifaka ama-microbubbles abamba amakhemikhali e-organic ancibilikisiwe (ngaphambi kokuba abe ama-nitrate nama-phosphate) bese iwasusa njenge-scum. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo , kuthuthukisa i-oxygenation, futhi kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqhakaza kwe-algae. Ingafakwa ethangini ngokwalo (izinhlelo ezincane) noma e-sump.
Ama-heater we-aquarium namapampu
Uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlanzi ludinga izinga lokushisa elithile. Isibonelo, uma sifuna ukuba ne-aquarium yamanzi anosawoti enezinhlobo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, sizodinga [Azikho imikhiqizo etholakele] . Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelele ezingeni izinhlanzi ezidingayo. Ngale ndlela, zingaphila kahle futhi zingabi nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka noma izifo.
Amaphampu amanzi ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-aquarium yasolwandle. Ahlinzeka ngemisinga yamanzi edingekayo ukuze kuphinde kutholakale indawo yokuhlala yasolwandle. Izinhlanzi zidinga lemisinga ukuze zizizwe zisekhaya. Amaphampu kufanele abekwe ngendlela yokuthi kungabikho izindawo zamanzi anganyakazi. Umsinga ofanayo kufanele ugcinwe kulo lonke i-aquarium.
Njengesiqondiso, e-aquarium yemifula yasolwandle, kunconywa ukujikeleziswa okuphelele kwevolumu yethangi ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20-30 ngehora, kusetshenziswa amaphampu amancane amaningana ukugwema izindawo ezifile. Ezinhlelweni zezinhlanzi kuphela, izikhathi ezingu-10-15 zivame ukwanele. Uma une-sump, iphampu yokubuyisela kufanele ijikeleze ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5-10 kwevolumu iyonke ngehora.
Ukukhanyisa okuqondile kwasolwandle
Ukukhanyisa kubalulekile uma ugcina amakhorali. Amakhorali athambile namakhorali e-SPS adinga ukukhanya okune-spectrum efanele (ingxube yomhlophe nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka); amakhorali e-LPS ngokuvamile abukeka kahle kakhulu ngokugqama kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Namuhla, izibani ze-LED ezisezingeni eliphezulu zikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ama-spectra kanye nokuqina, unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokushisa. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile ukuze uvimbele ukuqhakaza kwe-algae kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Ezinhlelweni zezinhlanzi kuphela, ukukhanya okulinganiselwe kwanele. Ezinhlelweni zamatshe angaphansi komhlaba, hlela amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 e-photoperiod bese usebenzisa ama-timer ukuze uthole imikhuba ezinzile.
Sump futhi ubuyisele iphampu
I- sump iyi-aquarium eyisizayo exhunywe ethangini eliyinhloko lapho imishini (i-skimmer, i-heater, i-biological media, ama-reactor) igcinwa khona kude nokubonakala. Ihlinzeka ngomthamo omkhulu wamanzi , ithuthukisa i-oxygenation kanye nokuqina kwe-pH, futhi yenza kube lula ukugcinwa. Iphampu yokubuyisela iqinisekisa ukugeleza okuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-sump nethangi eliyinhloko; yakhelwe ngesilinganiso sokugeleza esilungisekayo esiphindwe ka-5-10 kunomthamo wesistimu ngehora.
Indawo, isisekelo nesivalo
Beka i-aquarium endaweni ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile noma imithombo yokushisa, endaweni esezingeni elinocansi olubamba ukushaqeka. A isivalo sengilazi esiqinile inciphisa ukuhwamuka, igcine usawoti ozinzile futhi ivimbele ukugxuma de pecesCabangela ukuhleleka koshintsho lwamanzi kanye nokuchaphazeka kukasawoti okungaba khona efenisha eseduze.
Usawoti wolwandle
Njengoba ukusebenzisa amanzi olwandle emvelo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukulungiselela amanzi olwandle e-aquarium usebenzisa amanzi a-reverse osmosis kanye nosawoti wolwandle . Lokhu kwenza izimo ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium ziqine futhi kuvimbele ukuhlukahluka okukhulu. Usawoti wolwandle we-SERA unobunye obuhle kakhulu futhi uncibilika ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokushiya insalela, ukhiqize amanzi olwandle acwebezelayo.
Inqubo enconywayo: Gcwalisa ngamanzi abuyela emuva e-osmosis, umoya bese ufudumala, engeza usawoti kancane kancane uze ufinyelele cishe ku-35 g/L , hlanganisa imizuzu engu-24-48 bese uhlola ubuningi nge -hydrometer noma i-refractometer (1.023-1.026). Ungafaki usawoti ngqo ezinhlanzini noma ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla ethangini.
Phila amatshe nomhlobiso
Idwala eliphilayo ( noma ezinye izindlela zobumba) linikeza indawo engaphezulu yokunikeza amabhaktheriya nezilwane ezincane ezisiza ekuhlanzeni amanzi. Zibeke ngendlela ezinzile (amabhuloho, imihume, izindawo ezilengayo), ushiye izindawo zokubhukuda nezindawo zokucasha . Uma ukhetha idwala lokwenziwa, ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo ithatha isikhathi eside ukusungulwa, kodwa unciphisa izinambuzane.
Emasontweni ambalwa okuqala, kuvamile ukubona ukujiya kwama-nitrites nama-nitrate . Yiba nesineke: uhlelo luzozinza kancane kancane. Ungasebenzisa izinti zokunamathisela noma izinsimbi ezithile ezisheshayo ukulungisa izakhiwo.
Ukuqala: ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kanye nokwethulwa kwezakhamuzi
Uma usuqalile, qala inqubo yokujikeleza i-aquarium . Lesi sikhathi sivumela amabhaktheriya aguqula i-ammonia abe yi-nitrites bese kuba yi-nitrate ukuthi azinze. Nge-live rock, inqubo ivame ukushesha. Qapha amazinga e-NH3/NH4, NO2, kanye ne-NO3 masonto onke kuze kube yilapho i-ammonia kanye ne-nitrites zifinyelela ku-0.
- Isigaba 1: Yethula ama-detritivores okuqala (iminenke, izinkalankala ze-hermit) lapho i-NO2 ingabonakali futhi i-NO3 iphansi. Basiza ukuhlanza imfucumfucu.
- Isigaba 2: Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-2-3, engeza izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezengeziwe (izimfanzi, iminenke eminingi) uma imingcele ihlala izinzile.
- Isigaba 3: Engeza amakhorali athambile kancane kancane. Amakhorali aqinile (ikakhulukazi i-SPS) adinga ukuvuthwa okwengeziwe; linda izinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Isigaba 4: Yethula izinhlanzi ekugcineni, ngohlelo oluzinzile nangemva kwezilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Sebenzisa izindawo zokuvalelana noma nini lapho kungenzeka futhi ujwayele indawo ngayinye entsha ehlala khona kancane kancane. Gwema ukugcwala ngokweqile: ezindaweni zasolwandle, umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo obekezelelekayo uphansi kunasemanzini ahlanzekile.
Ukulawula nokuqapha amapharamitha
Ukulondoloza imvelo yasolwandle enempilo kuncike ekuqapheni njalo kanye nokushintsha kwamanzi. Njengesiqondiso esijwayelekile:
- Ithempelesha: hlola nsuku zonke (24–26 ºC ezindaweni ezishisayo).
- Ukuminyana/usawoti: Isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki.
- i-pH: Izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto (7,8-8,4 kuye ngohlelo).
- Ama-nitrate nama-phosphates: Izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto, ikakhulukazi emanzini.
- I-KH (i-alkalinity), i-Ca ne-Mg: Kanye ngesonto phezu kolwandle; ngezinhlanzi kuphela, hlola okungenani njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Amathuluzi awusizo: izivivinyo ze-colorimetric (ezisheshayo nezingabizi), ama-photometer (ukunemba okukhulu), ama-thermometer edijithali , ama-densimeter noma ama-refractometer , kanye nokuhlaziywa okuthuthukisiwe, i-ICP (i-plasma ehlanganiswe ngendlela evuselelwe) ethola izinsimbi ezincane kanye nokungalingani.
Hlela izinguquko zamanzi ezingu-10% zanyanga zonke njengesiqalo (lungisa ngokusekelwe kumthwalo wethangi kanye nokufundwa). Ema-aquarium anama-coral, kungadingeka ukuthi ulinganise i-calcium, i-carbonates (KH), kanye ne-magnesium, noma usebenzise izindlela eziphelele zokulinganisa ukuze ugcine amazinga azinzile.
Izitshalo zamanzi asemanzini anosawoti
Izitshalo esizobeka emanzini asemanzini anosawoti zidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Hhayi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesitshalo semvelo oluzokwenza. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo ludinga usayizi ofanele wamathangi ezinhlanzi. Kufanele sibale ivolumu ye-aquarium edingekayo ukuze sibe nezitshalo nezinhlanzi ngaphandle kokuthi "sikhathazwe".
Nalu uhlu oluncane lwezinye zezitshalo ezihamba phambili zamanzi asemanzini anosawoti.
Ukushefa ibhulashi
Lezi zitshalo zinesakhiwo esifana nebhulashi lokugunda izinwele. Ziluhlaza okotshani namaqabunga afana nezimpaphe. Zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwesihlabathi , zikhula ngamasentimitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-4 ngonyaka. Ziyisinqumo esihle sokuzigcina nezinhlanzi ze-perciformes, ezikhetha phansi kwesihlabathi. Lezi zitshalo zidinga ukukhanya okwanele kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi okulingene.
Ulwelwe lwe-bubble
Lawa ma-algae kwesinye isikhathi abhekwa njengenhlupho ngoba, uma i-aquarium ingalawulwa kahle, iyabahlasela. Kodwa-ke, uma uqaphile kahle, zingaba esinye sezitshalo ezihamba phambili zamanzi asemanzini anosawoti.
Ulethisi wolwandle
Lolu ulwelwe oluhlaza olusebenza njengokudla kwezinhlanzi ezidla uhlaza nezidla yonke inyama . Lukhulu, lunamaqabunga ayindilinga, kanye nokuthungwa okuqinile. Lusebenza futhi njengesihlungi sezinto eziphilayo, lusiza ukususa ama-nitrate nama-phosphate ayingozi. Ilethisi yolwandle ingatshalwa phansi kwe-aquarium noma ivunyelwe ukuthi intante ngokukhululeka.
Ufudu lokhula
Lesi sitshalo saziwa nangokuthi i-maidenhair algae. Siyi-alga eluhlaza enokwakheka okufana nezimpaphe kanye ne-filaments efana ne-tube. Sikhula sibe ngamasentimitha angu-6 ngonyaka. Singatshalwa phansi kolwandle futhi sikhule sibe yizicucu. Sikhipha ubuthi, nakuba bungenobuthi, kodwa bunamandla okuvimbela izinhlanzi ekudleni lesi sitshalo.
Icebiso eliwusizo: uma ufaka i-macroalgae esihlabathini noma endaweni yokulondoloza imvelo (njenge-Chaetomorpha), usiza ekuqiniseni izakhamzimba futhi unikeze indawo yokuhlala yezilwane ezincane, ugcine ukubonakala kungenazo izakhi ezingadingeki.
Inhlanzi ye-aquarium yasolwandle
Njengezitshalo, izinhlanzi zamanzi anosawoti azidingi ukunakekelwa okufanayo nezinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti. Lapha unohlu lwezinhlobo ezithile zamanzi anosawoti.
Izintombi
Lolu hlobo lunconywa kakhulu kwabaqalayo ezindaweni zasemanzini anosawoti. Zinobubanzi obungu-7 cm futhi zihlala zodwa. Zivumelana kalula nezimo ezahlukene, ngakho azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhulu. Zihlala endaweni ethile nezinye izinhlanzi, kodwa azibangeli izinkinga.
I-Clownfish
I- clownfish iyinhlanzi edumile kakhulu, eyaziwa ngegama layo kanye nomzimba wayo onemibala. Kunconywa ukugcina i-aquarium substrate yalezi zinhlanzi ethangini elimbozwe ngamakhorali. Zinakekela kakhulu izinga lokushisa kwamanzi futhi zingaba nolaka kancane kwezinye izinhlobo.
Izinhlanzi ezihlinza
Inhlanzi i-surgeonfish iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ingafinyelela ubude obungu-40 cm. Ithandwa kakhulu, yize ukunakekelwa kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma lokhu kungokokuqala ugcina i-aquarium enamanzi anosawoti, le nhlanzi ayikhuthazwa. Ihlala eziqongweni zamatshe futhi idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nokushisa okuzinzile.
Inhlanzi yengelosi
Izinhlanzi ze-Angelfish zenzelwe abanikazi abanolwazi. Zingakhula zibe ngu-30 cm ubude futhi zihlala zodwa. Zivumelana kahle nezindawo zokugcina amanzi futhi zidinga amathangi amakhulu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, zingaphila iminyaka efinyelela kweyi-10.
Isethi eyisisekelo ye-aquarium yamanzi anosawoti ibiza cishe ama-euro angu-80. Uma uhlela i-aquarium yakho okokuqala, kungcono ukhethe isethi yokuqala.
Imishini eyengeziwe namathiphu okulungisa
- I-Reverse Osmosis System: iqinisekisa amanzi ahlanzekile nazinzile, inciphisa ulwelwe nokungcola okuvela empompini.
- Isigcwalisi esizenzakalelayo: kunxephezela ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ahlanzekile futhi igcine usawoti omningi njalo.
- Uhlelo lokuhlanza: susa udoti ku-substrate, gcina lowo oshibilikayo ehlanzekile, shayela amaphampu, shintsha noma hlambulula izinsimbi.
- Ukujikeleza: Beka amaphampu amaningi abheke ezindaweni ezihlukene futhi ulungise ukuze ugweme izindawo zokugeleza okufile.
Amapharamitha amanzi anconyiwe
- Ithempelesha: 24–26 ºC ezindaweni ezishisayo; emanzini abandayo olwandle, aphansi futhi abe nesiqandisi uma kunesidingo.
- i-pH: 7,8–8,4, enomoya omuhle ne-KH ezinzile.
- Usawoti/Ukuminyana: 1.023–1.026 (cishe u-35 g/L).
- KH: 8–12 dKH (ulwandle luvame ukukhetha u-8–9).
- I-calcium: 400–450 ppm; Magnesium: 1.300-1.450 ppm.
- Umoya-mpilo: ngaphezu kwe-7 mg / L; ukunyakaza okuhle kwendawo.
- Ama-nitrate: 0 mg/L; I-Nitrate: hlala uphansi (kungcono u-<10–20 mg/L kuye ngohlelo).
- I-Phosphates: amazinga aphansi ukuze kugwenywe ulwelwe (ikakhulukazi emanzini).
Ngalolu lwazi ungaba ne-aquarium yakho yasolwandle ngomumo nezinhlobo de peces kanye nezitshalo ezinconyiwe kakhulu. Khetha uhlobo olulungile lwethangi, lungisa amanzi ngendlela efanele, hlela ukujikeleza nokukhanyisa, futhi ukulandela isingeniso neshejuli yokuhlola kuzokubeka ethubeni elingcono kakhulu lokujabulela i-ecosystem yasolwandle ezinzile, enemibalabala, nehlala isikhathi eside ekhaya.