Ungase uthathe isinqumo sokuthi uzoba namanzi angenasawoti noma i-aquarium yamanzi anosawoti. Uma ukhetha okwakamuva, kufanele wazi ukuthi izici azifani. I-aquarium yamanzi anosawoti kudinga ukunakekelwa okuhlukile kunamanzi angenasawoti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga olunye uhlobo lwe- izitshalo zasemanzini nezinhlanzi ezifanele amanzi anosawoti.
Ufuna ukwazi konke okudingayo ukuze ulungele i-aquarium yakho yamanzi anosawoti? Qhubeka ufunda, ngoba lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho
Ukufakwa Kwamanzi Akasawoti
Ukufakwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-aquarium kudinga ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye eyakhiwayo ichazwe kabanzi. Ngakho-ke, sizohlukanisa ukwakheka kwe-aquarium entweni ngayinye ebalulekile bese sichaza izidingo. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, chaza uhlobo lwephrojekthi ofuna ukuhlanganisa, ngoba inquma imishini: ithangi izinhlanzi kuphela (Inhlanzi Kuphela) ilula kune-a i-aquarium yamanzi ngamakhorali kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Amasistimu wezixhobo zamadwala adinga ukukhanya okunzima kakhulu, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali, kanye nesiqalo esinensayo.
Isizinda
Ngaphansi kwe-aquarium yasolwandle kufanele kuvumele indawo eyanele yamakoloni ka amagciwane e-aerobic. Lawa mabhaktheriya kufanele ahlanganyele insimu ngalawo ma-anaerobes azotholakala phakathi kolwandle.
Impahla efaneleke kakhulu yolwandle ingukuthi isihlabathi samakhorali esigaxe kakhulu. Lokhu kwaziswa kusivumela ukuba sibe nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kukalamula, okusisiza siqinise i-pH. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusinikeza isitayela esihle sokuhlobisa nesemvelo.
Kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni de peces unayo, uzodinga okungaphansi noma okunye. Isibonelo, kulezo zinhlanzi ze-oda le-Perciformes, inhlabathi eyisihlabathi iyadingeka. Lezi zinhlobo zimbozwe yisihlabathi ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwabo ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izidingo zayo eziyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuthenga inhlanzi.
Uma uzosebenzisa eziningi zamanje, cabanga a isihlabathi esithize esindayo ukuvimbela i-substrate ukuthi ingaphephuki. Ugqinsi luka-2-3 cm lukhuthaza ukuhlungwa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi kunciphisa amaphakethe emfucumfucu; uma ufuna umbhede ojulile onezindawo ze-anaerobic, hlela ukunakekelwa ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka.
Ukuhlunga amanzi kasawoti
Ukuhlanza ukungcola okunqwabelana kuma-aquariums ziyadingeka izihlungi ezikhethekile zamanzi anosawoti. Lezi zihlungi zizokwazi ukugcina izinhlayiya ezinkulu kunalezo zamanzi ahlanzekile. Ukuhlunga kufanele kuhlanzwe njalo ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwamanzi e-aquarium ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isihlungi esihlanzekile kuphela, singakwazi ukusenza sihlale isikhathi eside futhi sigcine amanzi ahlanzekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele sihlanze ngokweqile isihlungi ngoba sizokuvimbela ukusungulwa kwamakholoni amabhaktheriya.
Ngaphezu kwesihlungi esikhulu, i amaprotheni skimmer Iwukhiye ekusetshenzisweni olwandle: ijova ama-microbubbles abamba ama-organic compounds ancibilikile (ngaphambi kokuba abe ama-nitrate nama-phosphates) futhi awakhiphe ngendlela yegwebu. Yehlisa umthwalo webhayolojiIthuthukisa umoya-mpilo futhi isiza ukuvimbela ukuqhakaza kwe-algae. Ingafakwa ku-tank ngokwayo (amayunithi amancane) noma ku-sump.
Ama-heater we-aquarium namapampu
Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinhlanzi ludinga izinga lokushisa elithile. Isibonelo, uma sifuna ukuba ne-aquarium yasawoti yezinhlobo ezishisayo sizodinga i-thermo-heater. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kulokho okudingwa yizinhlanzi. Ngale ndlela bazokwazi ukuphila ngokufanele futhi bangahlushwa yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka noma izifo.
Amaphampu wamanzi Ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-aquarium yasolwandle. Yiyo enikeza imisinga yamanzi edingekayo ukwenza kabusha indawo yasolwandle. Izinhlanzi zidinga ukuthi le misinga "izizwe isekhaya." Amapompo kufanele abekwe ngendlela yokuthi kungabikho zindawo ezinamanzi amile. Kufanele uzame ukuthola njengamanje umfaniswano kuyo yonke i-aquarium.
Njengereferensi, ku-aquarium reef yasolwandle kuhle ukufeza a ukujikeleza okuphelele kwezikhathi ezingama-20-30 umthamo wethangi ngehora usebenzisa amaphampu amancane ukuze ugweme izindawo ezifile. Ezinhlelweni zezinhlanzi kuphela, izikhathi eziyi-10-15 zivame ukukwanele. Uma une-sump, i- buyisela iphampu kufanele ihambe phakathi kuka-5-10 wevolumu ephelele ngehora.
Ukukhanyisa okuqondile kwasolwandle
Ukukhanyisa kuyanquma Uma ugcina amakhorali. Amakhorali athambile kanye ne-SPS adinga ukukhanya okune-spectrum efanele (inhlanganisela yombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omhlophe no-actinic); I-LPS ivamise ukubukeka kahle kakhulu ngokudla okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Namuhla, izikrini ze-LED zekhwalithi Zikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ama-spectrum nokuqina, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nokushisa. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile ukuze uvimbele ulwelwe nezinguquko ezishisayo.
Ezinhlelweni zezinhlanzi kuphela, ukukhanya okumaphakathi kwanele. Kuzinhlelo zamadwala, hlela isikhathi sesithombe samahora angu-8-12 futhi usebenzise izibali sikhathi ukuze izinqubo ezinzile.
Sump futhi ubuyisele iphampu
El sump Kuyi-aquarium eyinsiza exhunywe kweyinhloko lapho okokusebenza (i-skimmer, i-heater, impahla yebhayoloji, ama-reactors) kugcinwe endaweni engabonakali. Ihlinzeka umthamo wamanzi owengeziwe, ithuthukisa umoya-mpilo kanye nokuzinza kwe-pH, futhi yenza ukunakekelwa kube lula. Ipompo yokubuyisela iqinisekisa ukugeleza okuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-sump ne-tank; inezinga lokugeleza elilungisekayo lika-5-10 wevolumu yesistimu ngehora.
Indawo, isisekelo nesivalo
Beka i-aquarium endaweni ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile noma imithombo yokushisa, endaweni esezingeni elinocansi olubamba ukushaqeka. A isivalo sengilazi esiqinile inciphisa ukuhwamuka, igcine usawoti ozinzile futhi ivimbele ukugxuma de pecesCabangela ukuhleleka koshintsho lwamanzi kanye nokuchaphazeka kukasawoti okungaba khona efenisha eseduze.
Usawoti wolwandle
Njengoba ukusebenzisa amanzi olwandle emvelo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, udinga usawoti wolwandle. Amanzi olwandle we-aquarium kufanele alungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa ukuguqula amanzi osmosis nolwandle usawoti. Lokhu kwenza izimo ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium zizinze kakhulu futhi akukhiqizi ukuhluka okukhulu. I-SERA yolwandle usawoti ine-homogeneity enhle kakhulu futhi ichitheka ngokushesha nangaphandle kwensalela, ikhiqize amanzi acwebile ecwebezelayo.
Inqubo enconyiwe: gcwalisa ngamanzi e-osmosis, i-aerate nokushisa, engeza usawoti kancane kancane uze ufinyelele. 35 g/L cishe., hlanganisa 24–48 h futhi uhlole ukuminyana nge i-hydrometer noma i-refractometer (1.023–1.026). Ungafaki usawoti ngqo ezinhlanzini noma ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla ethangini.
Phila amatshe nomhlobiso
I-Las phila amadwala (noma ezinye izindlela ze-ceramic) zihlinzekela indawo ama-bacterium nitifying kanye nezilwane ezincane ezisiza ukuhlanza amanzi. Zibeke ngendlela ezinzile (amabhuloho, imigede, ama-overhangs) zishiya izindawo zokubhukuda kanye nezindawo zokucashaUma ukhetha i-rock yokwenziwa, ibhalansi yebhayoloji ithatha isikhathi eside ukusungulwa, kodwa unciphisa izinambuzane.
Emasontweni ambalwa okuqala kuyinto evamile ukubona inani eliphakeme lama-nitrate nama-nitrate. Ukubekezela: uhlelo luzinza kancane kancane. Ungasebenzisa izinto ezinamathelayo zokumisa ngokushesha noma usimende ukuze uvikele izakhiwo.
Ukuqala: ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kanye nokwethulwa kwezakhamuzi
Uma isihlanganisiwe, qala i- ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ku-aquariumLesi sikhathi sivumela izimo ukuthi zixazulule. amabhaktheriya eziguqula i-ammonium/ammonia ibe ama-nitrites bese iba ama-nitrate. Ngedwala eliphilayo, inqubo ivamise ukushesha. Gada i-NH3/NH4, NO2, kanye ne-NO3 masonto onke kuze kube i-ammonium ne-nitrites iba ku-0.
- Isigaba 1: Yethula ama-detritivores okuqala (iminenke, izinkalankala ze-hermit) lapho i-NO2 ingabonakali futhi i-NO3 iphansi. Basiza ukuhlanza imfucumfucu.
- Isigaba 2: Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-2-3, engeza izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezengeziwe (izimfanzi, iminenke eminingi) uma imingcele ihlala izinzile.
- Isigaba 3: Engeza amakhorali athambile kancane kancane. Amakhorali aqinile (ikakhulukazi i-SPS) adinga ukuvuthwa okwengeziwe; linda izinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Isigaba 4: Yethula izinhlanzi ekugcineni, ngohlelo oluzinzile nangemva kwezilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Faka isicelo ama-quarantine noma nini lapho kungenzeka, futhi kancane kancane ujwayeze isakhamuzi esisha ngasinye. Gwema ukuminyana: ezindaweni ezihlala olwandle, umthamo webhayoloji obekezelelekayo uphansi kunasezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile.
Ukulawula nokuqapha amapharamitha
Ukugcina i-ecosystem enempilo yasolwandle kuncike ekutheni a ukulandelela njalo nokushintsha kwamanzi. Njengomhlahlandlela ojwayelekile:
- Ithempelesha: hlola nsuku zonke (24–26 ºC ezindaweni ezishisayo).
- Ukuminyana/usawoti: Isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki.
- i-pH: Izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto (7,8-8,4 kuye ngohlelo).
- Ama-nitrate nama-phosphates: Izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto, ikakhulukazi emanzini.
- I-KH (i-alkalinity), i-Ca ne-Mg: Kanye ngesonto phezu kolwandle; ngezinhlanzi kuphela, hlola okungenani njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Amathuluzi awusizo: ukuhlolwa kwe-colorimetric (kushesha futhi kushibhile), ama-photometers (ukunemba okukhulu), ama-thermometer yedijithali, densitometers noma refractometers futhi, ukuhlaziya okuthuthukile, I-ICP (i-plasma ehlanganiswe nge-inductively) ethola izinsimbi zokulandelela nokungalingani.
Hlela izinguquko zamanzi 10% ngenyanga njengesiqalo (lungisa ngokuhambisana nomthwalo nokufunda). Ezindaweni zasemanzini ezinamakhorali, kungase kudingeke umthamo i-calcium, i-carbonates (KH) ne-magnesium, noma usebenzise izindlela zokudosa eziphelele ukuze ugcine amazinga azinzile.
Izitshalo zamanzi asemanzini anosawoti
Izitshalo esizobeka emanzini asemanzini anosawoti zidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Hhayi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesitshalo semvelo oluzokwenza. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo ludinga usayizi ofanele wamathangi ezinhlanzi. Kufanele sibale ivolumu ye-aquarium edingekayo ukuze sibe nezitshalo nezinhlanzi ngaphandle kokuthi "sikhathazwe".
Nalu uhlu oluncane lwezinye zezitshalo ezihamba phambili zamanzi asemanzini anosawoti.
Ukushefa ibhulashi
Lezi zitshalo zinesinye esifana nebhulashi lomgundi. Anombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi amaqabunga awo anezimpaphe. Ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi futhi yenza phakathi kwamayintshi ama-3 kuye kwayi-4 ngonyaka. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlanganisa nezinhlanzi ze-oda le-perciform ezidinga amabhodlela esihlabathi. Lezi zitshalo zidinga ukukhanya okuningi nokugeleza kwamanzi okuphakathi.
Ulwelwe lwe-bubble
Lawa ma-algae kwesinye isikhathi abhekwa njengenhlupho ngoba, uma i-aquarium ingalawulwa kahle, iyabahlasela. Kodwa-ke, uma uqaphile kahle, zingaba esinye sezitshalo ezihamba phambili zamanzi asemanzini anosawoti.
Ulethisi wolwandle
Kuyinto ulwelwe oluhlaza olusebenza njenge ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezithile ezidla imifino nezidlayo. Makhulu, anamaqabunga ayindilinga futhi ukuthungwa kwawo kubi. Zisebenza futhi njengesihlungi sebhayoloji ngoba kuyasiza ekuqedeni ama-nitrate nama-phosphates ayingozi. I-ulethisi yasolwandle ingatshalwa ezansi kwe-aquarium noma ishiywe ukuntanta ngokukhululeka.
Ufudu lokhula
Lesi sitshalo saziwa nangokuthi izinwele zezintombi. Ubulembu obuluhlaza obunokuphakama kwezimpaphe nemicu emise okwe-tube. Ukukhula kwayo kuthinta amasentimitha ayisithupha ngonyaka. Ingatshalwa olwandle futhi ikhule ngeziqu. Ikhipha ubuthi okuthi, nakuba bungewona ubuthi, buqine ngokwanele ukuthi buvimbele izinhlanzi ekudleni isitshalo.
Iseluleko esisebenzayo: uma uhlanganisa i-macroalgae ku-sump noma isiphephelo (njenge-Chaetomorpha), isiza ukuzinzisa imisoco futhi inikeze indawo yokuhlala yezilwane ezincane, igcina isibonisi singenazo ukwanda okungafuneki.
Inhlanzi ye-aquarium yasolwandle
Njengezitshalo, izinhlanzi zamanzi anosawoti azidingi ukunakekelwa okufanayo nezinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti. Lapha unohlu lwezinhlobo ezithile zamanzi anosawoti.
Izintombi
Lolu hlobo Kunconywa kakhulu ngama-newbies emanzini asemanzini anosawoti. Bangama-7 cm ububanzi futhi bodwa. Zivumelanisa kalula nezimo, ngakho-ke azidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi. Zisendaweni enezinye izinhlanzi, kepha azinikezi zinkinga.
I-Clownfish
El i-clownfish Inhlanzi edume kakhulu ngenxa yegama layo nomzimba wayo onemibalabala. Kuyatuseka ukuthi kube ne-coral bottom yalezi zinhlanzi. Ziqinile nezinga lokushisa kwamanzi. Bangase futhi babe nolaka kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Izinhlanzi ezihlinza
El udokotela ohlinzayo Iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala futhi ingakhula ifike ku-40 cm ubude. Zithandwa kakhulu, nakuba ukunakekelwa kwazo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma kuyisikhathi sakho sokuqala ukugcina i-aquarium yamanzi anosawoti, le nhlanzi ayinconywa. Uhlala emanzini futhi idinga ukukhanya okukhulu kanye nezinga lokushisa elizinzile.
Inhlanzi yengelosi
El Inhlanzi yengelosi yenzelwe abanikazi abanolwazi. Zingafinyelela kuma-30 cm ubude futhi zizodwa. Zijwayela kahle ama-aquariums futhi zidinga osayizi abakhulu. Uma zinakekelwa kahle, zingahlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10.
Ikhithi eyisisekelo ye-aquarium yamanzi anosawoti Kubiza cishe ama-euro angama-80. Uma ucabanga ukusetha i-aquarium yakho okokuqala ngqa, kungcono ukukhetha ama-starter kits.
Imishini eyengeziwe namathiphu okulungisa
- I-Reverse Osmosis System: iqinisekisa amanzi ahlanzekile nazinzile, inciphisa ulwelwe nokungcola okuvela empompini.
- Isigcwalisi esizenzakalelayo: kunxephezela ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ahlanzekile futhi igcine usawoti omningi njalo.
- Uhlelo lokuhlanza: susa udoti ku-substrate, gcina lowo oshibilikayo ehlanzekile, shayela amaphampu, shintsha noma hlambulula izinsimbi.
- Ukujikeleza: Beka amaphampu amaningi abheke ezindaweni ezihlukene futhi ulungise ukuze ugweme izindawo zokugeleza okufile.
Amapharamitha amanzi anconyiwe
- Ithempelesha: 24–26 ºC ezindaweni ezishisayo; emanzini abandayo olwandle, aphansi futhi abe nesiqandisi uma kunesidingo.
- i-pH: 7,8–8,4, enomoya omuhle ne-KH ezinzile.
- Usawoti/Ukuminyana: 1.023–1.026 (cishe u-35 g/L).
- KH: 8–12 dKH (ulwandle luvame ukukhetha u-8–9).
- I-calcium: 400–450 ppm; Magnesium: 1.300-1.450 ppm.
- Umoya-mpilo: ngaphezu kwe-7 mg / L; ukunyakaza okuhle kwendawo.
- Ama-nitrate: 0 mg/L; I-Nitrate: hlala uphansi (kungcono u-<10–20 mg/L kuye ngohlelo).
- I-Phosphates: amazinga aphansi ukuze kugwenywe ulwelwe (ikakhulukazi emanzini).
Ngalolu lwazi ungaba ne-aquarium yakho yasolwandle ngomumo nezinhlobo de peces kanye nezitshalo ezinconyiwe kakhulu. Khetha uhlobo olulungile lwethangi, lungisa amanzi ngendlela efanele, hlela ukujikeleza nokukhanyisa, futhi ukulandela isingeniso neshejuli yokuhlola kuzokubeka ethubeni elingcono kakhulu lokujabulela i-ecosystem yasolwandle ezinzile, enemibalabala, nehlala isikhathi eside ekhaya.