Uma sikhuluma ngokudoba, ngezinye izikhathi siyakhohlwa ukuthi kunezindlela ezingokoqobo zokugwedla ngomphunga ezimpilweni zasolwandle. Amanetha okukhukhula ayilokho kanye: ithuluzi elisebenza kahle kangangokuthi agcina eseyi- kuyingozi ekusimeni yolwandle lwethu. La manetha, antantayo ngokuyisisekelo, athwalwa yimisinga, asebenza njengezindonga ezingabonakali ezibamba yonke into endleleni yawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo lomdobi alufunayo noma isilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Nakuba zingabonakala ziyisisombululo esifanele kwabanye abadobi ngenxa yezizathu zabo. izindleko eziphansi kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswaIqiniso liwukuthi umonakalo ohambisanayo uyamangaza. Kusukela ezikebheni ezincane zomndeni kuya ezikebheni zezimboni ezisebenzisa amakhilomitha e-nylon, umthelela ungowomhlaba wonke. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza kahle ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi kungani zidala impikiswano engaka, nokuthi kwenziwani ukuvimba lokhu kubulawa kwabantu ngaphansi kwamanzi buthule.
La manethiwekhi asebenza kanjani ngempela?
Isimiso silula impela: siyinto isithiyo esingasebenzi okuvuleka ngokuqondile kukholamu yamanzi. Ukuze zihlale endaweni yazo, zinentambo entantayo ngenhla kanye nomugqa oholayo ngezansi. Izinhlanzi, lapho zizama ukudlula, zibanjwa yizimbobo zazo, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-gill entanglement. Kuye ngokuthi ziboshwe kanjani, zingaba nokukhetha okwengeziwe noma zisebenze njenge- iwebhu ephithizelayolapho inhlanzi imane isongwe ngendwangu.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kushintshe umdlalo. Ukotini noma i-hemp kwakusetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule, kodwa ukufika inayiloni ye-monofilament Kwashintsha konke. Le pulasitiki ayibonakali ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi iqine kakhulu, ivumela amanetha ukuba enziwe ngemicu emincane kakhulu izinhlanzi ezingenakuyibona, ngaleyo ndlela yandisa inani le- amandla okubamba asabekayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi umgomo uyini. Isibonelo, amanetha e-trammel asebenzisa izendlalelo ezintathu ukudala uhlobo lwesikhwama esenza kube nzima ukubaleka. Kukhona namanetha okudoba, asebenzayo futhi azungeze ibhange lezinhlanzi. de pecesnoma amanetha okuhudula, akha i-funnel eyindilinga. Kodwa-ke, amanetha okuhudula ahlukaniswa nge- imvelo yokungenzi lutho kanye nekhono layo lokwelula amakhilomitha olwandle oluvulekile.
Iphupho elibi lokubamba ngengozi
Inkinga enkulu ngale ndlela ukuntuleka kwayo kokukhetha. Yilokhu okubizwa ngobuchwepheshe ukubanjwa okungahleliwe noma ukubanjwa okungaqondileCabanga ngenethi engamakhilomitha amaningana ubude: akunakwenzeka ukuthi ibambe uhlobo olufunwayo kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkulungwane zezilwane ezingenanzuzo yokuhweba noma ezivikelwe zigcina zifile. EMedithera naseLwandle iCantabrian, izibalo ziyamangaza, kanye izinkulungwane zama-cetacean noshaka balahlekelwa yimpilo yabo minyaka yonke.
- AmaCetaceans: Amahlengethwa anemigqa, amahlengethwa avamile kanye nemikhomo yesidoda yizisulu ezivame ukuba khona, ikakhulukazi ekudobeni izinhlanzi ezibizwa nge-swordfish.
- Izimfudu zasolwandle: Izimfudu ze-Leatherback zilahlekelwa njalo ngokubanjwa emanetheni.
- Izinyoni zasolwandle: Ama-Shearwater nama-albatross ayafa ngenkathi ezama ukudoba phezu kwamanzi.
- Oshaka nemisebe: Izinhlobo ezisengozini ezivaleleke ngaphandle kokuthola ithuba lokubaleka.
Esinye isenzakalo esibhubhisayo yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi Ukudoba izipokiLokhu kwenzeka lapho inethi ilahleka ngengozi noma ishiywe ngamabomu. Ngenxa yokuthi inayiloni ayiboli, inethi iyaqhubeka nokuntanta futhi kulandela ukubanjwa kwezilwane ezivalelekile iminyaka eminingi, iba ugibe lokufa olungenamuntu wokuqoqa izinhlanzi, okumelela ukuchitha izinsiza kanye nenhlekelele yemvelo.
Izingxabano zezomnotho nezenhlalo olwandle
Akukhona nje kuphela nge-ecology; kukhona nokulwa ngemali. Ukusebenza kahle kwamanetha okukhukhulekayo kubenza babe inzuzo enkulu kakhulu kunezinye izindlela, njengokufaka uthango olude. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abadobi abasebenzisa izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside abakwazi ukuncintisana, njengoba amanetha okukhukhuleka evumela ukubanjwa kwezinhlobo ezinobuningi obuphansi babantu okungaba ukudoba akukuhle kungenjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvela ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo lapho la manetha ebamba izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinenani eliphezulu kakhulu kwezinye izindawo zokudoba. I-Salmon eNyakatho yePacific Kuyisibonelo: amanetha enzelwe ama-squid agcina ebamba i-salmon, okukhiqiza ukungezwani okuqinile phakathi kwemikhumbiNgaphezu kwalokhu kukhona ingozi yokuncipha okusheshayo kwabantu, njengoba izindleko eziphansi zokuthunyelwa zivumela umzamo wokudoba ongalingani.
Izimpi zomthetho kanye nezinye izindlela eziqhubekayo
Njengoba bebhekene nalesi simo, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba kuye kwadingeka uphendule. Kusukela ngawo-90, i-UN kanye nemihlangano yesifunda eyahlukahlukene iye yazama ukuvimbela amanetha okudoba amabanga amade (ngokuvamile angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-2,5). EMedithera, Umhlangano Wezizwe Zonke Wokulondolozwa Kwe-Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) kube yisihluthulelo ekuvimbeleni le mikhuba. Kodwa-ke, umthetho awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi; ezindaweni ezifana neMorocco, ukungathobeli okuhlelekile lapho ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kuqhubeka nokwanelisa isidingo se-swordfish eYurophu.
Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, kukhuthazwa ukushintshela ezindleleni zokudoba ezikhethiwe kakhulu, njengokusebenzisa imigqa emide noma ukwesekwa kokuguqula imikhumbi ibe ngeyokuvakasha. Ucwaningo luyenziwa futhi. amagridi ahlakaniphile anezinzwa ezixwayisa umdobi ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisenetheni ngaphambi kokulidonsa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwalo. ama-polymer abola ezivimbela ukudoba izipoki ngokuncibilika ngemva kwesikhathi esithile emanzini.
Ukusinda kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kuncike ekutheni siyeke ukubheka ulwandle njengesitolo esikhulu esingapheli. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe njenge-HMPE kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kodwa ikhambi langempela liseku shiya izindlela ezingakhethi futhi bamukele ukuphathwa okusekelwe kwisayensi kanye nenhlonipho ngemijikelezo yemvelo yezinhlobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudoba kwanamuhla akuyona imbangela yokungazali kwezilwandle kusasa.
