Ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi koshaka nabantu bube umthombo wokwesaba, ukukhanga, kanye nempikiswano amashumi eminyaka. Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezinonya, oshaka baye baba yizisulu zombono ongalungile oqhutshwa abezindaba kanye namasiko athandwayo, njengoba kuboniswe yifilimu edumile yango-1975 ethi Jaws . Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolisisa kuveza ukuthi lezi zilwane zidlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle nokuthi ukuhlaselwa kwabantu kuyizehlakalo ezingavamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi yabantu iye yabeka engozini izinhlobo eziningi zoshaka, yazisunduzela onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Iqiniso lokuhlangana phakathi koshaka nabantu
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, oshaka abaningi abalona usongo oluqondile kubantu. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yiStellenbosch University, ukuhlaselwa koshaka kubantu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kuka-500 ezahlukene zoshaka, ezingaba ngu-30 kuphela eziye zahileleka ezigamekweni ezithinta abantu, futhi ezingaphansi kweshumi nambili zibeka ingozi enkulu, njenge- bull shark , i-great white shark, kanye ne-tiger shark.
Ukuhlasela ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yelukuluku noma ukudideka, njengoba oshaka, njengezilwane ezidla ezinye zasolwandle, bavame ukuphenya izinto eziyinqaba endaweni yabo. Ngokomcwaningi weNyuvesi yaseStellenbosch u-Conrad Mattee, oshaka abamhlophe abasebancane bavame ukuphakela kakhulu de peces futhi zishintsha imikhuba yazo yokudla zibe izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle njengoba zikhula. Lolu shintsho ekudleni kwabo luphinde lunciphise amathuba okusebenzelana okungalungile nabantu, njengoba singeyona ingxenye yemenyu yabo yemvelo.
Iqhaza loshaka ezindaweni zasolwandle
Oshaka babhekwa njengezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane , igama elichaza izilwane eziphezulu ochungechungeni lokudla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi badlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yemvelo olwandle. Ngokususa izinhlanzi ezibuthakathaka noma ezigulayo, oshaka banegalelo empilweni yezinhlobo zasolwandle futhi bavimbele ukwanda ngokweqile kwezinhlobo eziphakathi ezingaphazamisa imvelo.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa izinhlangano ezifana ne-Oceana lubonisa ukuthi ukungabi bikho koshaka ezindaweni eziphilayo zama-coral reef kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo. Isibonelo, ngaphandle koshaka bokulawula inani lezilwane ezidla ezinye njenge-grouper, lezi zamuva zanda futhi zidla izilwane ezidla uhlaza ezigcina ukukhula kwama-macroalgae kulawulwa. Lokhu kungaholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, kube nomthelela omubi kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nemisebenzi yabantu njengokudoba ngenjongo yokudayisa.
Umthelela wabantu kumanani oshaka
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwabo emvelweni, oshaka babhekene nezinsongo eziningi ezivela emisebenzini yabantu. Omunye wemikhuba ebhubhisa kakhulu ukushaya amafin oshaka , lapho amaphiko enqunywa khona bese ingxenye esele yoshaka ilahlwa olwandle, ishiywe ukuze yophe ize ife.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanetha okudoba kanye nokungcoliswa kolwandle kuya ngokuya kuthinta oshaka. Ngokolwazi oluvela ku-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ngaphezu kwengxenye yezinhlobo zoshaka zisengozini noma zisengozini yokushabalala. Ngokwesibonelo, oshaka abaluhlaza noshaka okuthiwa ama-hammerhead, baye babona inani labantu lincipha kakhulu ngenxa yokudoba ngokungakhethi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala.
Kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezivikelwe kanye nemithetho eqinile yokudoba ngezohwebo. Izinyathelo ezifana nezindawo zokulondoloza oshaka eBahamas kanye nokuvinjelwa kokudoba amafindo e-European Union ziyizibonelo ezinhle zendlela le nkinga engaxazululwa ngayo futhi lezi zilwane, ezibalulekile emvelweni, zingavikelwa.
Izinganekwane namaqiniso ngoshaka
Enye yezinganekwane ezinkulu ngoshaka ukuthi bayahlasela uma bebona igazi emanzini. Nakuba benomuzwa obukhali wokuhogela, oshaka abafuni abantu njengezisulu. NgokukaGádor Muntaner, isazi sezolwandle kanye nochwepheshe boshaka, ukuhlasela okuningi kwenzeka ezimeni ezithile, njengasezindaweni lapho oshaka bedla khona ekuseni noma kuhwalala.
Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokuhlangana okungekuhle, kunconywa ukuthi ababhukudi nabatshuzi bagweme ukugqoka izingubo ezikhanyayo, ukubhukuda bodwa noma emanzini adaka, futhi baqhele ezindaweni lapho oshaka abavame ukudla khona. Ukubhukuda ngokuqapha nokuhlonipha lezi zilwane kuyisihluthulelo sokuhlalisana okuphephile.
Izindlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe zokuphilisana
Njengoba imizamo yokuvikela oshaka nokunciphisa izingozi kubantu yanda, kuye kwavela izixazululo ezintsha ezifana nezithiyo kazibuthe namasudi okutshuza aklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuhlasela. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-Shark Safe lusebenzisa amapayipi aguquguqukayo anozibuthe akhiqiza amandla kazibuthe, agcina oshaka bekude nezindawo ezivame ukujwayela ababhukudi nabatshuzi. Lobu buchwepheshe bethulwa njengenye indlela esimeme kakhudlwana kunamanethi avamile, avame ukuthwebula ngephutha ezinye izinhlobo ezifana namahlengethwa nezimfudu.
Ngokunjalo, izinkampani ezifana ne-Shark Attack Mitigation Systems (SAMS) zenze amasudi e-diving enza abasebenzisi "bangabonakali" koshaka ngokusebenzisa ithuba lokubona kwabo okumnyama nokumhlophe. Lezi zindlela ezintsha azigcini nje ngokuvikela abantu, kodwa futhi zihlonipha impilo yasolwandle ngokunciphisa umthelela kuma-ecosystem.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu noshaka bunzima kakhulu kunalokho okukholelwayo. Nakuba ngokuvamile bengaqondwa kabi njengemishini yokubulala, oshaka babalulekile empilweni yolwandle lwethu futhi abavamile ukuba usongo kubantu. Ngemfundo, ucwaningo kanye nezinqubo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuguqula umbono womphakathi futhi ukhuthaze ukuphilisana ngokuthula, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukusinda kwalezi zakhamuzi ezithakazelisayo nezibalulekile zasolwandle.