Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda ezinhlanzi: izinqubo zokuzala, izinhlobo namasu
I-Los inhlanzi Zigqama ngokuhlukahluka kwazo kokuzala, ukuguquguquka kanye nokuhlukahluka kwamasu okuqhubekisela phambili uhlobo lwezilwane endaweni yasemanzini. Ukuqonda ukwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezici ze- amaqanda de peces Iwukhiye hhayi kuphela ngebhayoloji yasolwandle, kodwa futhi Ukuzilibazisa kwe-aquarium, ukongiwa kwemvelo kanye nezasemanzini.
Izimpawu nezakhiwo zamaqanda de peces
I-Los amaqanda ezinhlanzi ezinamathambo ngokuvamile okusobala futhi umumo oyindilinga. Banolwelwesi lwangaphandle oluvunyelekayo olunezimbotshana, olubizwa ngokuthi ikhorionEzinhlotsheni eziningi zezilwane, lolu lwelwesi lubushelelezi, nakuba ezinye zibonisa i-lattice ene-hexagonal noma okunye ukuhlobisa okuwusizo ekuhlonzweni. Ubukhulu beqanda buyahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-0,25 no-7 mm ububanzi, kanti isilinganiso sisondela ku-1 mm. Usayizi weqanda olungile ukhulisa kokubili inani lamaqanda kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi esizayo kwezibungu nezinsana.
Ngaphakathi kwamaqanda kukhona isigaxa, omsebenzi wawo uwukugcina izinqolobane zamandla ezidingekayo kanye nezakhamzimba ukuze umbungu ukhule uze ukwazi ukuzondla ngokwawo. Kwezinye izimo, i-yolk ithatha cishe lonke iqanda, ishiya kuphela i-peripheral margin mahhala.
Izinhlobo zamaqanda ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye namasu okuzala
- Amaqanda e-BenthicEmikhudlwana, ene-yolk eningi futhi embalwa ngenani, afakwa phansi futhi anamathiselwe kuma-substrates noma avikelwe izidleke. Ngokuvamile ziba nokukhula okude kwe-embryonic. Izibungu zivela esimweni esithuthuke kakhulu, ezinezinzwa ezihlukene kakade.
- Amaqanda e-pelagic: Zincane futhi ziziningi kakhulu, zintanta ngokukhululekile kukholomu yamanzi, zine-yolk encane nokuvikelwa okuncane, okusho ukuba sengozini enkulu kodwa ukuzala okukhulu. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe usayizi weqanda futhi ukusinda kwezibungu kubalulekile: izibungu ezinkulu zingadla inyamazane ehlukahlukene futhi zigweme izilwane ezizidla kangcono.
Ezinye izinhlobo ziveza okuphawulekayo i-ovoviviparity o i-viviparity, lapho ukuvundiswa kungaphakathi. Lapha, insikazi igcina amaqanda ngaphakathi kwayo; ezilwaneni ezine-viviparous, abasha zithola izakhi zomama, kuyilapho ezilwaneni ze-ovoviviparous, zisebenzisa i-yolk yeqanda. Abanye oshaka, imisebe, nezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zibonisa lezi zinhlobo zokuzala.
Ukuziphatha kokuzala kanye nokuvikela inzalo
- Ezinye izinhlobo zenza izidleke ngokusekelwe ku-bubbles, izitshalo noma ku-substrate, lapho zibekela amaqanda azo futhi ziwavikele ngenkuthalo, zifake umoya-mpilo emanzini futhi zivikele i-spawn.
- Ezinhlanzini ezithile, njengama-seahorses ne-cardinalfish, amaduna afukamela amaqanda ezidlekeni zawo. izikhwama ze-incubator kumbe emlonyeni.
- Kunezinhlobo ezithwala amaqanda azo emakamelweni azo e-gill noma kwezinye izakhiwo zomzimba.
- Kwezinye, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-pelagic, akukho ukunakekelwa kwabazali; ukusinda kuncike enanini lamaqanda nokuhlakazeka.
I-Hermaphroditism kanye namasu okuziphendukela kwemvelo
Izinhlobo eziningi ezikhona i-hermaphroditism elandelanayo, ukushintsha ubulili phakathi nomjikelezo wabo wokuphila (i-proterogyny: insikazi kuya kowesilisa, njengaku-parrotfish nama-wrasses; i-protandry: owesilisa kuya kowesifazane, njengaku-clownfish nase-sea breams). Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hermaphroditism ngesikhathi esisodwa, yomibili ubulili ikwazi ukwenza ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengamanye ama- serranid. Bangu ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuqomisana, ukufuduka kokuzala (i-anadromous kanye ne-catadromous) futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukuzala okungajwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezifana ne-Amazon molly fish (I-Poecilia formosa).
I-incubation kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-embryonic
El ukuthuthukiswa kwe-embryonic Iqala ngokukhulelwa futhi ihilela izigaba eziningana: ukumuncwa kwamanzi (ukuvuvukala), ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, ukwakheka kwe-blastoderm, nokuthuthukiswa kombungu ozungeze i-yolk. Izici zemvelo, ikakhulukazi lokushisa futhi i umoya-mpilo, ibe nomthelela omkhulu kubude besikhathi nempumelelo yentuthuko. Lapho izibungu zivela, zisebenzisa i-yolk esele ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukudla endaweni ezungezile, okuphawula ukuqala kwesigaba sokuthosa.
Ucwaningo kanye ulwazi Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwamaqanda ezinhlanzi kanye nezigaba zokuphila kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubalulekile ekongiweni nasekulawuleni ngendlela eqhubekayo abantu basemanzini, kanye nokuhlonza izinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile. Lezi zinqubo zibonisa ukwehlukahlukana okumangalisayo kwezinto eziphilayo neziguquguqukayo okubonisa izinhlanzi nendawo yazo.
