El Mere (I-Epinephelus marginatus) ingenye yezinhlanzi ezifanekisela kakhulu emanzini aseMedithera nasempumalanga ye-Atlantic. Umzimba wayo iqinile futhi ihlangene Ijwayelana kahle nokuphila emadwaleni, lapho ithola khona isiphephelo phakathi kwamatshe amakhulu, imigede, nemifantu. Ikhanda nomlomo wayo kukhulu, futhi umhlathi ongezansi udlulela ngalé komhlathi ongenhla, uveza izici eziwuhlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zohlobo. USerranus, njengokuba khona kwezikali ku-maxilla ne-supermaxilla.
Ukusabalalisa, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-grouper
I-grouper ihlala ikakhulukazi e- I-Atlantic neMedithera. Itholakala ekujuleni kusukela 5 namamitha ayi-400, nakuba ikhetha izindawo ezifika kumamitha angu-50, njalo kuye ngokuthi ingcindezi yokudoba. Ubude bayo buyamangalisa, ngokuvamile bufinyelela eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-60 yokuphila futhi bungaphezu kwemitha elilodwa ngobude, okubonisa ukukhula kwayo okunensayo, isici esiyinhloko ekubeni sengozini kwezakhamuzi zakhona.
Isimo sokulondoloza kanye nezinsongo
I-grouper ifakiwe ku- uhlu olubomvu lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yi-IUCN ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile eye yabhekana nakho kulo lonke uhla lwayo. Inani layo lezentengiselwano liyenze yaba uhlobo olufiselekayo kakhulu, ngakho ukubuyiswa kwenani labantu bakhona kuncike kakhulu kukho izinyathelo zokuphatha nokongiwa, njengokusungulwa kweziqiwi zasolwandle kanye nokulawulwa kobukhulu obuncane bokubanjwa. Ukuvikela abantu abakhulu nabadala kubalulekile, njengoba ukuzala kwabo kuhambisana ngokuqondile nalezi zimo.
Ukukhiqizwa kweqembu: i-proterogynous hermaphroditism
Iqembu ngu-a izinhlobo ezilandelanayo ze-proterogynous hermaphrodite, okungukuthi, abantu abaningi bazalwa bengabesifazane futhi, ngokuhamba kweminyaka nangaphansi kwezimo ezithile zezenhlalo noma zemvelo, abanye balaba besifazane bashintsha babe abesilisa. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kufinyelelwa njenge owesifazane cishe iminyaka emihlanu, lapho zifinyelela ubukhulu obungaba ngu-49 cm. Ukushintsha kowesilisa ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 neyi-17, noma uma bedlula ubude obungama-52-77 cm, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukushoda kwabesilisa emphakathini. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinsikazi zingahlala ngale ndlela isikhathi eside futhi zifinyelele osayizi abakhulu, okubonakala sengathi zisabela ku-a isu lokuzala ukugcina umthamo wokubeka ophezulu.
La inkathi yokuzala ye-grouper igxile ngesikhathi ehlobo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kukaJulayi no-Agasti, okuhambisana nesikhathi senyanga egcwele, isikhathi esibalulekile sokuzala. Lesi simo siye sabonwa futhi saqinisekiswa ezindaweni ezivikelwe njenge Iziqhingi zaseMedes, lapho ukuqapha komuntu ngamunye kwabesifazane kuye kwavumela ukuthi ukuzala kuqinisekiswe, njengoba zivela futhi nezisu ezingenalutho ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Amaqanda, ukuzala nokuthuthuka
I-Los Amaqanda e-grouper ayi-pelagic, okusho ukuthi ngemva kokuzalela zintanta ngokukhululekile ohlwini lwamanzi, okukhuthaza ukuhlakazeka kwazo. I-fecundity ye-grouper ixhunyaniswa ngokuqondile nobukhulu bayo neminyaka yobudala: insikazi ingabeka ngaphezu Ama-oocyte angama-300.000 ngekhilogremu yesisindo, egcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvikela izibonelo ezinkulu phakathi kwabantu.
Ukudla nokuziphatha
Iqembu ngu-a umhlaseli wasogwini okubonisa ukuthanda ama-cephalopods, ikakhulukazi ama-octopus, nakuba ukudla kwawo kuhambisana nama-crustaceans nezinye izinhlanzi. Yinhlanzi ehlala endaweni, ngokuvamile ehamba kancane, esebenzisa ukucasha nokubekezela ukuze iqamekele inyamazane yayo. Mayelana nokuxhumana, kukhona izifundo ezikhomba ukuthi i-grouper iyakwazi khipha imisindo ehambisana nokuziphatha kokuzala, okwengeza intshisekelo kubhayoloji yayo kanye ne-ethology.
Njengokufuna ukwazi, zonke izibonelo ezincane ngabesifazane, futhi ukuguquka kobulili kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezindaweni ezidotshwa ngokweqile, lapho abesilisa beyindlala khona. Ama-groupers ngokuvamile abhekwa njengabangenabungozi kubatshuzi, nakuba ukubheka ngenhlonipho nokugwema ukuphazamiseka endaweni yabo yemvelo kunconywa.
Ulwazi oluningiliziwe lokuzalanisa amaqoqo kanye nebhayoloji lubalulekile ekuqaliseni izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokongiwa kwemvelo nokuphatha, ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwalolu hlobo oluyingqayizivele nolubalulekile lwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
