Kusukela emaphethelweni eshalofu lezwekazi, i ekujuleni kolwandle olukhulu, isici sakhe esiyinhloko i cishe ukungabikho ngokuphelele kokukhanya kwelanga. Elinye lamazinga abaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kuhlukaniswa yi- indawo ye-bathyal, etholakala phakathi kwe 200 kanye 3.000 amamitha ukujula. Lesi sifunda sivula ithafa eliwumgodi onganalasi, elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-3.000 XNUMX, kanye ne-hadal zone, lapho kunemisele ejulile yolwandle kule planethi.
Izici ze-bathyal zone
I-bathyal zone iyindawo eyeqisayo ephawulwe ngayo izici zemvelo lokho kubekela inselele impilo yasolwandle. Izici zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
- Ukungabikho kokukhanya kwelanga: Ukungena kokukhanya kuncane, okuvimbela i-photosynthesis kanye nemibandela yokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kule ndawo.
- Amazinga okushisa abandayo futhi angashintshi: Kulokhu kujula, izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphakathi 2 futhi 4 degrees Celsius.
- Izingcindezi eziphezulu: Umfutho we-hydrostatic mkhulu, ukhuphuka cishe umkhathi owodwa kuwo wonke amamitha ayi-10 ukujula.
- Ukuhlushwa komoyampilo okuphansi: Ukujula okukhulu nokuntuleka kwezinqubo ze-photosynthetic kunciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo otholakalayo.
I-Flora yendawo yokugeza
Kunikezwe ukungabi khona kokukhanya, izimila ze-photosynthetic azikwazi ukukhula endaweni yokugeza. Nokho, isisekelo uchungechunge lokudla Kulesi sifunda kuya kweminye imithombo yezinto eziphilayo, njenge:
- Imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo: Obeye aziwe njengo iqhwa lasolwandle, izinsalela zezinto ezifile nezinto ezibolayo ezicwila ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu.
- Amakoloni amagciwane: Amanye amabhaktheriya akhethekile angaphila kulezi zimo esebenzisa izinqubo ze i-chemosynthesis.
Izilwane ze-bathyal zone
Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kule ndawo sezithuthukile ukuzivumelanisa okungavamile ukusinda ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimele kakhulu yilezi:
Izinhlanzi ze-Bioluminescent
Izinhlanzi eziningi endaweni yokugeza ziye zahlakulela ikhono loku zakha ukukhanya kwakho ngokusebenzisa bioluminescence. Lokhu kujwayela kuyabavumela Heha inyamazane, xhumana futhi uze uzifihle. Izibonelo zalezi zinhlobo zihlanganisa izinhlanzi ze-lantern (I-Myctophidae) kanye dragon fish (Stomiidae).
I-Deep-sea cephalopods
I-Los ingwane enkulu futhi ama-colossal amanye ama-cephalopod angaqondakali kakhulu kulesi sifunda. Anamehlo amakhulu avumela ukuba abambe ukukhanya okuncane okutholakalayo futhi amasu okufihla okuthuthukile.
Ama-crustaceans nezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla
I-Los ama-crustaceans abyssopelagic Bazivumelanise nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokushoda kokudla. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-ostracod, ama-crustaceans amancane adla izinhlayiya ezimisiwe.
Oshaka kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye ze-bathyal zone
Kulesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo kukhona noshaka abajwayele ukujula, njengabo ushaka kagwayi (Isistius brasiliensis) kanye Pacific sleeper (I-Somniosus pacificus), izinhlobo ezakhiwe amasu athile okuzingela.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo kwendawo yokugeza
Nakuba ngokuvamile inganakwa, indawo yokugeza idlala indima ebalulekile ekulinganiseni kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Isebenza njenge-a usinki we-carbon futhi iyikhaya lezinhlobo ezinjalo nomthelela ekuzinzeni kwezinto eziphilayo olwandle.
Njengokuhlola ukuthuthuka okujulile, siyaqhubeka nokuthola izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nezigigaba ezithakazelisayo endaweni yokugeza. Ukuqonda ukuhlukahluka kwazo kwemvelo akukona nje ukhiye wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukisweni kwamasu okongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa ngendlela eqhubekayo kwemithombo yasolwandle.