Ukubuka izinhlanzi zethu Ku-aquarium, kusinika ukuthula kwengqondo ukuwabona kude nezingozi zangaphandle ezingaba khona. Nokho, lezi zilwane nazo zingagula, ngisho nasezindaweni ezilawulwayo. Uma ikhona isifo ezinhlanziniKubalulekile ukukubona ngokushesha ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi ugweme imiphumela emikhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma lesi sifo sithathelwana noma sibeka engcupheni impilo yezinye izinhlanzi ku-aquarium efanayo.
Kulesi sihloko esibanzi sikhuluma ngokuningiliziwe imanzi ezinhlanzini: ukuthi kuyini nokuthi kungani kwenzeka, izimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ungayibona kanjani ngokunembile, izici eziyingozi, izinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu, futhi, yiqiniso, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha eziphumelelayo kanye namasu okuvimbela inhlalakahle yabakhileyo base-aquarium. Siphinde sihlanganise nemininingwane yongoti ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okuthi umuntu alulame nokuthi singasivikela kanjani lesi sifo ukuthi singaphindeleli.
Yini i-dropsy ezinhlanzini?
La isifo sofuba, obizwa nangokuthi ama-ascites athathelwanayo noma isisu samanzi, ingenye yezifo ezesatshwa kakhulu ku-aquaristics ngenxa yemiphumela yayo emibi kanye nemvamisa yayo ehlobene, ikakhulukazi emanzini aqalayo. Iqukethe i ukunqwabelana koketshezi okungavamile emgodini wesisu kanye nezicubu zezinhlanzi, okubangela ukuminyana okubonakalayo nokuqhubekayo ikakhulukazi esiswini.
Lokhu kunqwabelana koketshezi ngokuvamile kuwumphumela we-a ukwehluleka kwesistimu kwezitho zangaphakathi (izinso, isibindi, noma amathumbu) alahlekelwa amandla okulawula umfutho we-osmotic nokuhlunga kahle ubuthi. Ngezinye izikhathi uketshezi lungase lube nemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ebomvu futhi lufakwe ama-lymphocyte, okubonisa izinguquko ze-immunological isilwane esibhekana nazo.
I-Dropsy ingaba ngenxa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (isb. i-Aeromonas punctata noma i-Aeromonas hydrophila), ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma izimuncagazi zangaphakathi, noma ngisho nezimbangela ezingatheleleki ezifana nokwehluleka kwezinso, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, ukungondleki kahle noma izinga lamanzi eliphansi (i-ammonia eyengeziwe, i-nitrites, noma i-nitrate). Umphumela uhlale ukuwohloka kwe-homeostasis nokuvuvukala kwangaphakathi okuthinta izitho ezibalulekile ezihlukahlukene.
I-Dropsy ayisona isifo esisodwa, kodwa a i-syndrome enemvelaphi ehlukahlukene, nakuba ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa nenqubo yokutheleleka ethuthukisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukubonakala kwesisu esivuvukalayo kufanele kuhlale kubhekwa njengesignali ye-alamu futhi kudinga ukungenelela ngokushesha.
Indlela yokubona i-dropsy ezinhlanzini: izimpawu nezimpawu
Ukuqaphela i-dropsy ezinhlanzini kubalulekile ekuzameni ukululama. Le syndrome idala i-a ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu okwenza kube lula ukukubona uma ubhekisisa:
- Kuphawulwe ukuqhuma kwesisu: uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu. Isisu sikhula ngendlela engavamile ngosayizi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kuwo wonke umzimba.
- Izilinganiso eziphakanyisiwe noma ezihlukanisiwe nomzimba: Uketshezi oluningi luhlukanisa isikali, lubanike ukubukeka okufana nekhoni likaphayini.
- Amehlo aqhumayo (exophthalmia): Amehlo abonakala evuvukele futhi eqhuma ezisekelweni zawo, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezithuthukile.
- Ukuba mnyama kombala ojwayelekile wezinhlanziephelezelwa amagilavu ​​aphaphathekile.
- Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla y ubunzima bokukhipha isisu (kungase kubonakale indle, amafinyila noma amhlophe).
- Ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile noma ubunzima bokugcina ubuoyancy: bhukuda ubheke phansi, emaceleni, noma eduze nendawo.
- Ububomvu phansi kwamaphiko noma izindawo zangemuva.
- Ukuba khona kwama-viscous flocs amhlophe ku-anus nokushintsha kombala wesikhumba.
Uma i ukuhlukaniswa kwezikali kunzima futhi ukulahlekelwa kwe-buoyancy kuphelile, lesi sifo ngokuvamile sihamba phambili kakhulu, futhi ukubikezelwa kubi kakhulu. Kulezi zimo, ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi (izinso, amathumbu, isibindi) akunakulungiseka, futhi izinhlanzi ngokuvamile azikwazi ukululama.
Izimbangela kanye nezici zengozi ye-dropsy
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-dropsy ezinhlanzini ziningi futhi zingahlangana ukuze zibangele lesi sifo:
- Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane: amagciwane ohlobo I-Aeromonas (njenge I-Aeromonas hydrophila, I-Aeromonas punctata) futhi Pseudomonas banesibopho ezimweni eziningi. Leli qembu lamabhaktheriya liyachuma lapho izinga lamanzi liphansi futhi amasosha omzimba ezinhlanzi ebuthakathaka. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, bheka isihloko sethu ku Amagciwane e-Aeromonas emanzini.
- Izimuncagazi zangaphakathi: izimuncagazi ezifana I-Lernaea cyprinacea, I-Oodinium, I-Argulus kanye nama-flagellates emathunjini (I-Hexamita) kungabangela ukuvuvukala nokwehluleka kwezitho, kubangele i-drosy.
- igciwane: Nakuba kungavamile, amanye amagciwane nawo axhunyaniswe ne-dropsy.
- Ukudla okungalungile: : Ukusebenzisa ukudla okomile okungakacwilisiwe, ukudla okunezinga eliphansi, noma ukudla okungenakulinganisela kwandisa ingozi yokuvinjelwa kwamathumbu, ukuqunjelwa, nokulimala kwezitho zomzimba.
- Izinga lamanzi elibi: Amazinga aphezulu e-ammonia, ama-nitrites, ama-nitrate, izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe noma amanzi amile akhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane kanye nengcindezi ezinhlanzini.
- Ukucindezeleka: ukuminyana, izinguquko kungazelelwe izinga lokushisa noma pH, ukuba khona de peces Ukuziphatha okunolaka nokuxhaphaza ngokweqile kwenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka.
Izinto ezinjengokuhlanza okungafanele kwe-aquarium, ukuminyana ngokweqile de peces, ukuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi ezintsha kanye nokungabikho kokuqapha ngezikhathi ezithile kwemingcele yamanzi yikona okunquma izici ze kuvela i-dropsyUkubhekana nazo zonke lezi zinkinga kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yabakhileyo be-aquarium yakho.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo de peces kungenzeka kakhulu
I-Dropsy ingathinta noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi, nakuba izehlakalo zakhona ziphakeme kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zamanzi ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi emanzini asekhaya. Phakathi kwabasengozini kakhulu kukhona:
- Izinhlamvu: Guppies (I-Poecilia reticulata), i-Mollynesias, Platies kanye nezinye i-poecilids zivame ukuthinteka.
- Ama-CichlidsAma-cichlid amaningi, kokubili ase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika, angagula ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi ephansi.
- I-Goldfish nezinhlobo zayo: ICarassius auratus (kufaka phakathi i-Oranda, iBhubesi Lekhanda, inkomishi ebomvu, amaBubbles, iTelescopic).
- I-Kois kanye ne-carp: I-Cyprinus carpio nezinhlobonhlobo zayo zokuhlobisa.
- I-Betta iyaqhakaza (i-betta fish) ne-labyrinth fish: Trichogaster trichopterus, Colisa lalia, Helostoma temmincki, Macropodus concolor.
Isizathu salokhu kuthambekela kungenxa ye i-physiology ebucayi yalezi zinhlobo, ukuvama kwazo ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, njengoba ngokuvamile zichayeka ezicini zokucindezeleka noma amaphutha okudla, njengokusebenzisa ukudla okomile okungakacwilisiwe, okunwebeka ngaphakathi kwenhlanzi futhi kuvimbele ukuhamba kwamathumbu, okukhuthaza ukuvaleka kanye nezinkinga ezifana ne-dropsy.
Ukwelapha i-dropsy ezinhlanzini: yini okufanele uyenze?
La I-Dropsy yisimo esibucayi futhi esinzima ukuselapha, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zayo ezithuthukile. Ukululama kuncike kakhulu ekutheni izinhlanzi ezithintekile zitholwa ngokushesha futhi zibekwe zodwa. Nazi izinyathelo eziphumelela kakhulu nezamanje zokwelapha lesi sifo:
- Ukuvalelwa ngokushesha: Hlukanisa izinhlanzi ezigulayo ku-aquarium yasesibhedlela noma esitsheni esihlukene esinezimo zamanzi ezifanayo. Gwema izesekeli ukusiza ukuhlanza nokulawula imvelo.
- Ukwenza ngcono izinga lamanzi: Yenza izinguquko zansuku zonke zamanzi ayingxenye (10-25%), ilinganisa futhi izinze imingcele (i-ammonia, i-nitrites, i-nitrate, i-pH nezinga lokushisa) futhi inyuse kancane i-oksijini encibilikisiwe kusetshenziswa i-aeration.
- Ukwelashwa kukasawotiFaka ithisipuni elilodwa likasawoti ongena-iodized kuwo wonke amalitha ama-4 amanzi (lungisa umthamo ngokuya ngohlobo). Usawoti usiza ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi futhi ukhuthaza i-osmoregulation.
- Ukuzila ukudla nokudla okufanele: Leli isu eliyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi uma kunezifo zokugaya ukudla. Shesha izinhlanzi izinsuku ezingu-2-3, bese upha ukudla okuthambile kuphela, okugayeka kalula, okufana nophizi abilisiwe futhi ahlutshiwe, bese uyashesha futhi. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu nokuvimbela ezinye izinkinga.
- Ama-antibiotic abanzi kanye nama-anti-inflammatoriesUkwelashwa kungenziwa ngama-antibiotics emanzini (i-Metronidazole: 250 mg ngamalitha angama-25-30) futhi, ezimeni ezinzima kakhulu, nge-prednisone (5 mg ngamalitha ama-5) noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokulwa nokuvuvukala eziphakanyiswe udokotela wezilwane. Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi futhi ungaxubi imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sochwepheshe.
- Eminye imithi: Uma kunconywa udokotela wakho wezilwane, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-nifurpirinol noma izithako ezithile ze-aquarium dropsy zingasetshenziswa, njalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwenhlanzeko.
- Ukulawula ukushisa: Gcina izinga lokushisa lizinzile ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane (26-28°C ezinhlotsheni eziningi zasezindaweni ezishisayo); gwema izinguquko ezisheshayo.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa, uma usebenzise i-prednisone noma ezinye izidakamizwa ezinamandla, yenza ukushintsha kwamanzi nsuku zonke (okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10) ngaphambi kokubuyisela izinhlanzi ku-aquarium yomphakathi. Lokhu kuvimbela imiphumela emibi noma ukuphinda. Khumbula lokho I-Dropsy ayivamisile ukuthelelana phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezindala ezinempilo, kodwa ukuzihlukanisa kuvumela ukuqapha okungcono kwesilwane esilashwayo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuphefumula noma izinkinga ezithathelwanayo.
Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi uma i-dropsy ithuthuke kakhulu futhi kunezilonda ezingenakuguqulwa ezithweni zangaphakathi, ukubikezelwa kugcinwe. Kulezi zimo, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenziwe imizamo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlupheka kwesilwane.
Ukuvimbela: Izihluthulelo zokugwema ukujuluka ezinhlanzini
Ukuvimbela i-dropsy ezinhlanzini, kude, kulula kakhulu futhi kuphumelela kakhulu kunokuzama ukuyelapha. Lezi zincomo zibalulekile ekugcineni i-aquarium yakho ingenazo izifo kanye nokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yabo bonke abakhileyo kuyo:
- Gcina i-aquarium ihlanzekile futhi izinzile: Yenza izinguquko ezivamile zamanzi ingxenye (10-20% masonto onke), izihlungi zihlanze futhi ukhiphe imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo.
- Lawula ukuminyana kwabantu: gwema ukuminyana futhi unikeze inhlanzi ngayinye indawo eyanele.
- Ukudla kwekhwalithi: inikeza ukudla okukhethekile kwekhwalithi ephezulu, okucebile ngemisoco futhi njalo ecwiliswe ngaphambili lapho unikeza ukudla okomile noma okune-flake.
- Gada imingcele yamanzi: Ilinganisa i-ammonia, i-nitrites, i-nitrate, i-pH nezinga lokushisa njalo, kusetshenziswa amakhithi okuhlola athembekile nama-thermometers.
- Yenza i-quarantine izinhlanzi ezintsha ngaphambi kokungeza ku-aquarium yomphakathi.
- Gwema ukucindezeleka: Inciphisa izinguquko ezingazelelwe, ukuphatha ngokweqile, nokuphilisana nezinhlobo ezingahambisani noma ezinolaka.
- ukubonisana nodokotela wezilwane uma ubona izimpawu ezingavamile noma ungakwazi ukulawula lesi sifo.
Ukulandela lezi ziqondiso kuzoqinisa amasosha omzimba ezinhlanzi zakho futhi kunciphise kakhulu ukuqala kwe-dropsy nezinye izifo. Ukunakekela indawo yezinhlanzi zakho nokudla kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa impilo yazo yesikhathi eside.
Ukwazi izimbangela, izimpawu, namasu okuvimbela kwandisa amathuba okuthola izinhlanzi ngempumelelo futhi kuqinisekisa ama-aquarium anempilo futhi alinganiselayo. Isenzo sangaphambi kwesikhathi nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwenza umehluko ezimpilweni zezinhlanzi ezifuywayo, okukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ubungqabavu bazo isikhathi eside.
