Isinye sokubhukuda Iyisitho esibalulekile ezinhlanzini ezinamathambo, ebonakala ngesakhiwo sayo se-membranous kanye nokubukeka kwayo okude okufana nesaka, okutholakala ngaphezu kwezitho eziningi zangaphakathi. Lesi sitho siqukethe amagesi afana ne-oxygen, i-nitrogen, ne-carbon dioxide. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulawulwa kwe-buoyancy nokulawula yenhlanzi, eyivumela ukuthi igcine isikhundla esizinzile nokujula emanzini ngaphandle kwesidingo somzamo oqhubekayo wemisipha.
Izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukulungisa inani legesi equkethwe esinyeni sazo sokubhukuda, ngaleyo ndlela zivumelane nezinguquko zengcindezi futhi zenze kube lula ukunyakaza okuqondile emanzini. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulawula umthamo wesinye sokubhukuda kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlobo:
- I-PhysostomosKulezi zinhlanzi (ezifana ne-goldfish ne-carp), esinyeni sokubhukuda sixhunywe kumphimbo ngomgudu womoya. Bangakwazi ukudonsa umoya phezulu futhi bawukhiphe njengoba kudingeka.
- I-Physoclistos: Iningi de peces Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezithuthukile azikwazi ukuxhumana ngqo nomminzo futhi zilawula amagesi ngegazi ngezinqubo ezithile zomzimba, njengokuphuma noma ukumuncwa kabusha kwamagesi ezakhiweni ezikhethekile zesinye.
Siyini isifo sesinye sokubhukuda?
La ukubhukuda isifo sesinye noma ukuphazamiseka Isifo sesinye sokubhukuda yisimo esivimbela isinye sokubhukuda ukuthi sisebenze kahle. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezifo, izinkinga zesakhiwo, izinguquko endaweni ye-aquarium, noma izinkinga zomzimba ezifana nokuqunjelwa noma ukuvuvukala kwezitho eziseduze. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlanzi ayisakwazi ukulawula ukushelela kwayo nokuma kwayo, okubangela izimpawu futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni uma ingelashwa ngokushesha.
Akusona isifo esisodwa esithathelwanayo; kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Kuvamile ezinhlanzini zokuhlobisa futhi ikakhulukazi kuthinta izinhlobo ezinemizimba eshintshiwe noma ehlangene, njenge-goldfish, i-bettas, ne-carp.
Izimpawu zesifo sesinye sokubhukuda
Ukuqaphela izimpawu kubalulekile esenzweni esisheshayo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukungakwazi ukugcina ukuma: Inhlanzi ibhukuda ibheke emaceleni, ibheke phansi, noma ihlale inganyakazi ngokuphelele phansi noma ngaphezulu kwe-aquarium.
- I-buoyancy engavamile: Izinhlanzi zingacwila ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuphakama noma ukuntanta ngokungalawuleki, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokweqisa noma ukuntuleka kwegesi esinyeni.
- Ukunyakaza okungaqondakali: Ukubhukuda okungalawuleki, ukuphenduka okubukhali, ukunyakaza okuxakile noma ubunzima bokuqhubekela phambili.
- I-caudal fin ehlanekezelwe: I-fin yangemuva ingase ibheke phansi noma ithinte naphansi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu: Isisu senhlanzi sibonakala sivuvukele noma siphumele ngaphandle.
- Umgogodla ogobileEzinye izinhlanzi zinomhlane ogobile ngenxa yokucindezela kwangaphakathi, okungase kuthinte ukwakheka kwamathambo.
- Ukushintsha kwesifiso sokudla: Inhlanzi iyeka ukudla noma, kwezinye izimo, kuqashelwe ukuthi izama ukudla kodwa yehluleka.
- ukukhathala: Ukungabi namandla, ukukhathala, noma ukuthambekela kokuhlala unganyakazi isikhathi eside.
Ngezinye izikhathi abanikazi bangase bacabange ukuthi izinhlanzi zabo zifile, kuyilapho empeleni ihlushwa imiphumela emibi yalesi sifo futhi idinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.
Izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwesinye isinye
Izimbangela zingaba ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe:
- Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane: Ziyimbangela eyingozi kakhulu, njengoba zingaholela ekulimaleni kwangaphakathi noma ukuvuvukala kwesinye isinye. Badinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwaneOkungajwayelekile, kodwa futhi kuthinta umsebenzi walesi sitho. Ngokuvamile zixazulula ngokwelashwa okuvamile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo.
- Izimuncagazi: Izimuncagazi zamathumbu noma ezemvelo ezithinta izitho zangaphakathi noma esinyeni ngokwaso.
- Izinkinga zokudla:
- I-Sobrealimentación noma ukudla okusheshayo, okubangela ukunqwabelana kwegesi emgudwini wokugaya ukudla futhi kucindezele esinyeni sokubhukuda.
- Ukudla okomile noma okwandisa (ama-flakes, ama-granules angamanzi) akhula esiswini.
- Ukugwinya umoya ngesikhathi udla, ikakhulukazi ngokudla okuntantayo.
- Ukuqunjelwa okubangela ukuvuvukala kwesisu nokucindezela kwesinye.
- Ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzimba: Ukushaya, ukulwa, noma ukuwa okulimaza esinyeni sokubhukuda noma izicubu ezizungezile.
- Izinga lokushisa elingafanele:Amanzi abanda kakhulu abambezela ukugaya, okwandisa ingozi yokuqunjelwa futhi okubangela ukuthi kuphazamise esinyeni sokubhukuda.
- izinkinga zokuzalwaEzinye izinhlanzi zizalwa zikhubazekile esinyeni, okubenza bathambekele kulesi sifo kusukela zisencane.
- Izifo zezinye izitho: Ukuvuvukala kwezitho zangaphakathi (izinso, isibindi, umgudu wamathumbu), ama-cysts ezinso, isibindi esinamafutha, noma ukugcinwa kwamaqanda kwabesifazane kungabangela ukwanda kwesisu okucindezela isinye sokubhukuda.
- Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi: Ukuba khona kwezinto ezinobuthi, i-ammonia, i-nitrites, ukungabi khona kwe-oxygenation kanye nokuqoqwa kwemfucuza eyenza buthaka izinhlanzi futhi ikhuthaze ukubonakala kwezifo zesibili.
Ezimweni eziningi, inhlanganisela yezinto ikhona, ngakho ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwendawo yezinhlanzi nokunakekelwa kubalulekile.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sesinye sokubhukuda
Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kusekelwe ku- ukubhekwa kwezimpawu nokuziphatha wezinhlanzi. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma zizimbi kakhulu, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wezilwane onguchwepheshe wezilwane zasemanzini. Ukuxilongwa kwezilwane kungase kuhlanganise:
- Ukubuka okuqondile kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile.
- X-ray ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo ubukhulu, ukuma, indawo kanye nokuqukethwe esinyeni sokubhukuda.
- Ukuhlolwa kokukhipha izifo (ibhaktheriya, igciwane, noma i-parasitic) nezinye izifo zezitho zangaphakathi.
Ezindaweni eziningi ezihlala emanzini asekhaya, ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu kuyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuxilonga, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kunikeza ukuzethemba okukhulu futhi kuvumela ukugunyazwa kwemithi ethile yokwelapha.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sesinye sokubhukuda
Impumelelo yokwelashwa incike kumbangela kanye nesivinini eselashwa ngaso. Izinyathelo ezinconyiwe kakhulu, ezigunyazwe ochwepheshe, yilezi:
- Ukuzila ukudla okulawulwayo: Ukushiya izinhlanzi ngaphandle kokudla izinsuku ezingu-2-3 kusiza uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwesinye isisu sokubhukuda futhi kukhuthaze ukuxoshwa kwegesi.
- ukulungiselelwa kwezinga lokushisaUkugcina i-aquarium phakathi kuka-25 no-26°C kukhuthaza ukugayeka kokudla okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana. Kunconywa ukugcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile, ukugwema izinguquko ezingazelelwe.
- Ukondla ama-peas aphekiwe, angenasikhumba: Ngemva kokuzila ukudla, ukunikeza uphizi ophekiwe (oncibilikisiwe, oshisiwe futhi ohlutshiwe) kusiza ukuhamba kwamathumbu futhi kuyikhambi lemvelo elihle kakhulu lokuqunjelwa.
- Ukushintsha uhlobo lokudlaSebenzisa ukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, gwema ama-flakes noma ama-pellets antantayo, futhi manzisa ukudla okomile ngaphambi kokuphakela. Kunconywa ukuthi uguqule ukudla futhi ufake ukudla okunefiber ephezulu.
- Ama-antibiotic we-spectrum ebanziUma ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya kusolwa noma kuqinisekisiwe, nikeza isibulala-magciwane esithile, njalo ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wezilwane. Izinhlanzi kufanele zibekwe zodwa endaweni ehlala emanzini yasesibhedlela ukuze kuvikelwe ezinye izinhlanzi.
- Ukuphathwa kwemvelo:
- Gcina amanzi ehlanzekile ngokuphelele, ngokushintsha njalo kanye nokulawula ipharamitha (ammonia, nitrites, nitrate, pH and oxygenation).
- Yehlisa izinga lamanzi uma izinhlanzi zinenkinga yokuhamba, ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela kwayo phezulu futhi ugweme umzamo omkhulu.
- Engeza inani elincane losawoti othile we-aquarium emanzini, ngokulandela umthamo onconywayo.
- Nciphisa umthamo wamanje ku-aquarium ukuze uvimbele ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezinhlanzini ezibuthakathaka.
- Gcoba ama-conditioner amanzi uma ingxenye yomzimba wezinhlanzi ishiywe ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside ukuvimbela izilonda noma amabala abomvu.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi ezithintekile: Uma kudingekile, hambisa izinhlanzi esitsheni esihlukile esinezimo ezilungile zamanzi, ngaphandle kwamatshe, izitshalo noma imihlobiso, ukuze kube lula ukubhekwa nokubuyisela.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu noma lapho ukwelashwa kwasekhaya kungasebenzi, hamba uye kudokotela wezilwane okhethekile Ibalulekile. Ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, ukuphathwa kwemithi ejovwayo, noma izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe.
Ukuvimbela isifo sesinye sokubhukuda
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema lesi simo ngokulandela izindlela ezinhle zokuphatha nokugcinwa kwezinhlanzi kanye ne-aquarium:
- Gcina ikhwalithi yamanzi enhle kakhulu: Ukushintsha kwamanzi njalo, ukuhlanzwa kokuhlunga, ukuqapha ipharamitha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-conditioner uma kunesidingo.
- Nikeza ukudla okulinganiselayo: Nikeza ikhwalithi, ukudla okuhlukahlukene futhi ugweme ukumunca ngokweqile. Moise ukudla okomile ngaphambi kokukupha futhi unikeze imifino ephekiwe (uphizi, ulethisi) ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Gwema izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekushiseni: Sebenzisa i-thermometer ethembekile futhi ugcine amanzi ngaphakathi kwamanani anconyiwe ohlobo ngalunye.
- Gada ukuziphatha nokubukeka kwezinhlanzi: Naka noma yiziphi izinguquko futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma izimpawu zitholwa.
- Ungagcwalisi i-aquariumI-aquarium egcwele kakhulu yandisa ingcindezi, yehlisa izinga lamanzi, futhi ikhuthaza ukudluliswa kwezifo.
- Gwema ukulimala nokulwa: Khetha izinhlobo ezihambisanayo futhi unikeze ngendawo eyanele nezindawo zokukhosela ukuze kuncishiswe izingxabano.
- Hlukanisa izinhlanzi ezintsha: Ngaphambi kokwethula ama-specimens amasha, zigcine ezindaweni zodwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuba khona kwezifo.
Ukuvimbela kuhlanganisa nokuqapha njalo impilo yezinhlanzi kanye nokulungiswa ngokushesha kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga ku-aquarium.
Ingabe isifo sesinye sokubhukuda siyathathelwana?
Lesi sifo ayithelelani kusukela kwenye izinhlanzi ukuya kwenye. Nokho, uma imbangela iyisifo esithathelwanayo (amagciwane, ama-parasite), indawo engcolile ingase ikhuthaze ukuvela kwezimpawu kwezinye izinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlukanisa izinhlanzi ezithintekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokugcina izimo zamanzi ezingenasici.
Uma inhlanzi ibekwe yodwa, indawo ehlala emanzini yasesibhedlela kufanele ihlanzeke, ingabi namatshe nezitshalo, futhi igcwaliswe ngamanzi ahlanzekile, angenamagciwane. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi avela ku-aquarium eyinhloko ukugwema ukudlulisa amagciwane angaba khona.
Ukubikezelwa kwezinhlanzi ezinesinye esithintekile sokubhukuda
I-prognosis iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imbangela kanye nesivinini sokwelashwa. Ezinye izimo zingezesikhashana futhi zixazululwa kalula. ngezinyathelo eziyisisekelo, kuyilapho ezinye, ikakhulukazi uma zibandakanya izifo ezimbi kakhulu zebhaktheriya noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, kungase kungenakuhlehliswa. Kubalulekile ukulungisa ukudla kwenhlanzi ngenkathi ilulama futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuyisiza mathupha ngokuyincelisa.
Izinhlanzi eziningi zenza ukululama ngokugcwele uma isenzo sithathwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo, sigwema ukuphindaphinda ngezinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela.
Amaphutha avamile ekuphatheni izinhlanzi nge-swim bladder
- Imithi ngaphandle kokuxilongwa:Ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotics noma amakhambi ngaphandle kokwazi imbangela yangempela kungaba yingozi empilweni yezinhlanzi kanye ne-aquarium ngokwayo.
- Unganaki inkingaUkucabanga ukuthi izinhlanzi zibhukuda eceleni njengelukuluku kungaholela ekusebenzeni kabi ngisho nokufa.
- Ukudla ngokweqile ngemva kokuzila ukudla:Ukwenyusa kungazelelwe inani lokudla okudliwe ngemva kokuzila kungadala ukuphindela emuva noma izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.
- Phatha izinhlanzi ezithintekile kuphela futhi ukunganaki ikhwalithi yamanzi e-aquarium evamile kungaholela ezimweni ezintsha phakathi kwezinye izakhamuzi.
Ukugwema la maphutha kusiza kokubili izinhlanzi ezithintekile kanye nawo wonke umphakathi wase-aquarium.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nesifo sesinye sokubhukuda
- Ingabe inhlanzi ingafa ngenxa yalesi sifo? Yebo, ezimweni ezinzima noma ezingalashwa, kungaholela ekufeni ngenxa yokungakwazi ukondla kanye nokunciphisa amasosha omzimba, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlotshaniswa nezifo zesibili noma ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi.
- Inhlanzi enesinye esithintekile ingaphila isikhathi esingakanani? Kuya ngembangela nokunakekelwa okunikeziwe. Ezinye izimo ezithambile zingase zixazululeke phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa izimo ezingamahlalakhona zidinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo.
- Ngingayigwema ngokuphelele le nkinga? Nakuba kungenakugwenywa ngo-100%, ukuvimbela nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kunciphisa amathuba okuba khona kwalesi sifo.
Izinkomba kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe
- "Isinye Sokubhukuda" ku-Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org).
- Imihlahlandlela yokuphathwa kwezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezikhethekile zezilwane.
- Izincomo ezivela ezitolo ze-aquarium nochwepheshe bezinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo.
La ukubhukuda isifo sesinye Imele enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu nezikhathazayo kubanikazi de peces Ama-Aquariums. Ukuhlonza nokwelashwa okufanele kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa kwezinhlanzi ezithintekile. Ngokwamukela inkambiso yokubuka, ukuvimbela, nokunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kuyenzeka ujabulele izindawo zasolwandle ezinempilo lapho izinhlanzi zingathuthukisa ukuziphatha kwazo kwemvelo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
