Oshaka kanye nemisebe eziqhingini zaseBalearic, okokuqala, banecebo elithile lokuvikela ehlose ukuvimba ukwehla kwayo nokuqinisekisa impilo yesikhathi eside yoLwandle iBalearic kanye ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zasolwandle eSpainUhulumeni unikeze imvume yohlaka olubanzi lwesenzo oluhlanganisa isayensi, ukuphathwa kwezokudoba kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwemikhakha ehilelekile.
Kuyinto a Uhlelo lokuphayona eSpain naseNtshonalanga yeMedithera, ekhuthazwa yi-Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Natural Environment, ebeka imigomo ecacile kanye nezinyathelo eziqondile zokunciphisa izinsongo ku- ama-elasmobranch —iqembu elihlanganisa oshaka nemisebe— futhi liqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwabo emanzini aseBalearic Islands.
Uhlelo lwesenzo olushicilelwe ku-BOIB futhi lwafakwa ngaphakathi kwenqubomgomo yezasolwandle yaseBalearic
Okuthiwa Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokulondolozwa Kwama-Elasmobranch Eziqhingini zaseBalearic Ivunyiwe ngokusemthethweni ngokushicilelwa kwayo ku-Official Gazette of the Balearic Islands (BOIB). Ngalokhu, isuka ekubeni yisimemezelo senhloso iye ku- ithuluzi lokusebenza lokuphathwa kolwandle ukuthi ohulumeni kuzodingeka basebenzise eminyakeni ezayo.
Ngokusho koMnyango, uhlelo luyingxenye ye- isu lomhlaba wonke lokulondolozwa kolwandle Uhlelo lukaHulumeni waseBalearic luhambisana nemithetho yesifunda neyezwe kanye nezibopho zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseYurophu. Ngamazwi kahulumeni uqobo, luyisici esibalulekile sendlela yokuqhubekela phambili emodelini yokuphathwa kolwandle enomthwalo wemfanelo osekelwe olwazini lwesayensi.
UMqondisi Jikelele Wezokudoba, u-Antoni M. Grau, ugcizelela ukuthi lesi sinyathelo simelela "isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa okuphumelelayo koLwandle iBalearic"Ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokudoba. UMnyango ugcizelela ukuthi iziQhingi zaseBalearic ziphinde zaba phambili enqubomgomo yasolwandle, ngenxa yombhalo owakhiwe ngokubamba iqhaza komphakathi wesayensi kanye nomkhakha wokudoba ochwepheshe nowokuzijabulisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMqondisi Jikelele Wezemvelo Nokuphathwa Kwamahlathi, u-Anna Torres, uveza ukuthi Ukuvikelwa koshaka nemisebe kuhlobene ngqo nempilo yezindawo zemvelo zasolwandle. kanye nekusasa lefa lemvelo lalesi siqhingi. UTorres ugcizelela ukuthi uLwandle iBalearic lugcina izinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi komongo wentshonalanga yeMedithera nokuthi kungumthwalo wemfanelo wawo wonke umphakathi ukulilondoloza ngamathuluzi anjengalolu hlelo.
Isimo esibucayi sama-elasmobranch oLwandle iBalearic
Ukuvunyelwa kohlelo kuphendula ku- ukuxilongwa okukhathazayo mayelana nesimo sokwanda koshaka kanye nama-ray emanzini aseBalearic Islands. Incwadi Ebomvu Yezinhlanzi Zeziqhingi ZaseBalearic ithi, ezinhlotsheni ezingu-56 ze-elasmobranchs ezibhalwe kulesi sifunda, ezingu-34 zibhekwa njengezisengozini kanti ezingu-17 zisengozini enkulu noma sezivele zibhekwa njengezingasekho ezingeni lesifunda. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithintekile kukhona ushaka wesando.
Le datha ikhombisa lokho Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwengxenye zoshaka kanye ne-ray ezikhona kulezi ziqhingi zibhekene nengozi enkulu yokuqothulwaLokhu kudinga ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezithile zokulondolozwa kwemvelo uma umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ohlelweni lwemvelo uzogwenywa.
Ama-Elasmobranch avame ukutholakala phezulu kochungechunge lokudla futhi Badlala indima ebalulekile yokulawula ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandleUkwehla kwayo kungadala imiphumela yokuwa kwezinhlanzi, kanye nezinguquko ebuningini bezinye izinhlobo, ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezinguquko ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwemvelo yasolwandle.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka lezi zilwane zihlupheka ukuntuleka kokuqashelwa nokunakwa okuvela emphakathini kanye nokuphathwa kwezokudobaUmyalo ovumela uhlelo uyavuma ukuthi oshaka nemisebe abazange bathole idumela elihle phakathi kwabantu noma intshisekelo eyanele ezinqumweni zokuphatha, into manje okuhloswe ngayo ukulungiswa ngesu elithile lesikhathi eside.
Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho kwamuva nje kubonisa ukuthi Ukubuyiselwa kweminye imiphakathi kungenzeka uma ingcindezi yokudoba yehlisiwe.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokwanda kokubanjwa nokuqashelwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zemisebe, okubonisa ukuthi ukuphathwa kahle kungaholela emiphumeleni emihle.
Imigqa eyisithupha yamasu okulondolozwa okuphelele
Uhlelo Lokusebenza luhlelwe ngendlela izisekelo eziyisithupha ezinkulu zamasu ezihlose ukubhekana nokulondolozwa koshaka nemisebe evela emikhakheni ehlukene, zihlanganise umsebenzi wesayensi, ukuphathwa komzamo wokudoba, imfundo kanye nokuqinisa ukulawula.
Okokuqala, ibhlogo eligxile ku- ulwazi, ukuqwashisa kanye nokusabalalisaInhloso ukuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngokubaluleka kwemvelo kwama-elasmobranch, ukukhulisa ukuqwashisa ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezivikelwe, nokwandisa ikhono lokuzibona, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemikhumbi yobungcweti kanye nokudoba ngokuzijabulisa.
Umugqa wesibili uqondiswe ku- ukuqapha kanye nokuqoqwa kwedathaLolu hlelo luhlose ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ulwazi olutholakalayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sokubamba, nokuqinisa ukuqapha kwesayensi, ukuze izinqumo zokuphatha zisekelwe ebufakazini obusesikhathini nobunokwethenjelwa.
I-axis yesithathu inikezelwe ku- ukunciphisa ukubanjwa ngengozi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokukhululwaKuyaqapheleka ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yamasampula oshaka nama-ray agcina esezintweni zokudoba ngokungahlosile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi asemigqeni emide, emathangeni okudoba, noma eminye imishini, nokuthi indlela aphathwa ngayo futhi abuyiselwe ngayo olwandle ibalulekile ukuze asinde.
Umugqa wesine uhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwezinhlanzi kanye nezinyathelo zokulondoloza eziqondileokungase kuhlanganise konke kusukela ekudalweni kwemikhawulo yokudoba yesikhashana noma ehlala njalo kuya ekubekweni kobukhulu obuncane bokudoba, kanye nemithethonqubo ethile ngemishini yokudoba esetshenziswayo noma izinyathelo zokuqinisa inani labantu.
Okwesihlanu, uhlelo luhlanganisa ukukhuthaza ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ngokusebenzisa i-Institute of Agri-food and Fisheries Research and Training (IRFAP) kanye nezinye izinhlangano zesayensi, ukukhuthaza izifundo ngokusinda ngemva kokukhululwa, ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo noma ukuhlonza izindawo ezibalulekile zomjikelezo wokuphila kwezinhlobo.
Ekugcineni, i-axis yesithupha igxile ku- ukuqinisa ukuqapha kanye nokuthobela imithetho, ngokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwabasebenzi bokuhlola kanye nomzamo omkhulu ekuxhumaniseni abaphathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinyathelo zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo endaweni.
Izinyathelo zesikhathi esifushane, esimaphakathi kanye neside: Izinyathelo eziyi-16 ezithile
Le migqa eyisithupha yamasu ihumusha ibe Izilinganiso eziyi-16 eziqondile ezihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezahlukene, kusukela esenzweni esisheshayo kuya ezenzweni zesikhathi eside, ezenzelwe ukuqinisa izinguquko ezidingekayo ekuphathweni koLwandle iBalearic.
Esikhathini esifushane—esinesikhathi esiphezulu sezinyanga ezingu-18—okulindeleke okulandelayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto: Ukuvuselela nokulungisa kabusha iziqondiso zezinhlobo ezivikelwe okuhloswe ngakho ukudoba ochwepheshe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezithile zokudoba ngokuzijabulisa. Lawa mathuluzi kufanele asize ekutholeni ngokushesha ama-elasmobranch angenakukwazi ukugcinwa.
A inqubo ethile yokubamba ngengoziukuze abadobi abangochwepheshe nabazilibazisayo babe nemiyalelo ecacile nelula yokuthi bangaphatha kanjani oshaka nemisebe ebhodini bese bebabuyisela olwandle ngendlela eyandisa amathuba abo okusinda.
Lo mbono ofanayo uhlanganisa izifundo zesayensi mayelana ukusinda ngemva kokukhululwa kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzookuyisisekelo sokuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imikhuba yokukhulula ephumelela kakhulu nokuqonda kangcono isimo sangempela sabantu kanye nokuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zabo.
Esikhathini esimaphakathi, uhlelo luhlose ukuqalisa ukusebenza imikhankaso yokuqwashisa ngezenhlalo kanye nemikhakhaLezi zinyathelo zihloselwe umphakathi jikelele kanye namaqembu axhumene ngqo nolwandle. Izifundo ezinemininingwane zezindlela zabantu nazo zihlelelwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwezinyathelo nokulungisa ukuphathwa uma kudingeka.
Phakathi kwezenzo zesikhathi esiphakathi kukhona futhi ukubuyekezwa kwezindlela zokusungula ubuncane bokudoba ye-elasmobranchs, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezixhashazwayo zinesikhathi esanele sokuzala nokuthi okungenani ingxenye enkulu yazo ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngaphambi kokuba zigcinwe.
Esikhathini eside, lo mbhalo uhlanganisa izinyathelo zokuthi dala futhi uqinise amaphrojekthi okuqinisa nokuvuselela abantu kwezinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu noma esezivele ziphelile ngezinga lesifunda, ngokubambisana nezinye iziphathimandla kanye nezinhlangano ezikhethekile. Kuhlelwe nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuphatha zokukhuthaza imikhuba ehloniphekile kulezi zinhlobo.
Ukudoba noshaka: ukunciphisa ukubanjwa okungahleliwe kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwangaphakathi
Enye yezindawo lapho uhlelo lugcizelela kakhulu khona ubudlelwano phakathi umsebenzi wokudoba kanye nokulondolozwa kwama-elasmobranchLo mbhalo uyavuma ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kokunyamalala kwezinhlobo eziningi zoshaka kanye nemisebe kanye nokudoba busobala, yize futhi ugcizelela ukuthi lesi simo singaguqulwa kancane uma kusetshenziswa izinyathelo ezifanele.
Inhloso emaphakathi ngu ukunciphisa ukubanjwa ngengozi kwezinhlobo ezisengozini Ngokubambisana okusebenzayo nomkhakha wokudoba, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa nokukhululwa kwezinhlobo ezigcina zisemanethini noma ezingodweni. Inhloso ukuthi lokhu kukhululwa ngeke kube nje "ukuvumela isilwane sihambe," kodwa kuzokwenziwa ngokulandela iziqondiso ezisekelwe ezindinganisweni zesayensi.
Uhlelo luhlanganisa ukuqeqesha abadobi abangochwepheshe nabangokuzijabulisa olwandle olujulile ekusebenziseni amathuluzi athile Ukukhulula oshaka ngokuphephile, ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala okukhulu ngesikhathi sokususwa kwezingwegwe noma ukususwa kwemishini yokudoba. Kugcizelelwa ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, indlela isilwane esiphathwa ngayo ingasho umehluko phakathi kokusinda kwaso kanye nokufa okuqinisekile ngemva nje kokubuyiselwa emanzini.
Izinyathelo zokuqala zifaka phakathi ukukhuthaza lokho Imikhumbi yokudoba ngamatshe kumele ibuyisele zonke izinhlobo ze-galludito (Centrophorus uyato) olwandle.kanye nayo yonke imisebe enesisindo esingaphansi kwekhilogremu elilodwa, echaza ngokucacile ukuthi kumele ikhululwe iphila. Kuphinde kufakwe, ezilinganisweni zokukhululwa lapho kufanele khona, izinhlobo ezifana ne- ushaka obabulayo.
Lo mbhalo ubikezela nokuthi Khomba izindawo ezisogwini lapho izinhlanzi ezincane nezizalelayo zihlangana khona koshaka nemisebe, ngenhloso yokufunda ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusungula ukuvinjelwa kokudoba kwesikhashana ngezikhathi zokuzala noma ngezikhathi zenani elikhulu labantwana abasebasha. Lezi zindawo zingaba izindawo zokuphephela zangempela ukuqinisekisa ukuvuselelwa kwezizukulwane zalezi zindawo.
Ukuphathwa kwezinhlanzi, ubukhulu obuncane kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona
Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi okungahleliwe, uhlelo luhlanganisa izinyathelo ezihloselwe ukulungisa ukuphathwa kokudoba ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezinto eziphilayo ze-elasmobranchsPhakathi kwazo, inhloso yokubukeza, futhi lapho kufaneleka, ukusungula ubuncane bokudoba kuzo zonke izinhlobo zoshaka kanye nemisebe engase isetshenziswe iyagqama.
Inhloso yalezi zisayizi ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu ingazalana ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukuthunjwaNgenxa yalokhu, kuzosetshenziswa imingcele yezinto eziphilayo njengobudala bokuvuthwa ngokocansi, ukukhula, kanye nokuzala, ukuze imingcele iphendule ezindinganisweni zesayensi hhayi nje ezicatshangelwe kwezentengiselwano.
Uhlelo luvula umnyango wokuthi imishini yokudoba evamile, izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa nethuba lokuqinisa izindawo ezivaliwe ezikhona noma ukudala ezintsha uma izifundo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezithile zizwela kakhulu izinhlobo ze-elasmobranch.
Esikhathini eside, umklamo we izindlela zokuphatha zokukhuthaza abadobi ezikhipha izibonelo eziphephile neziphilile zezinhlobo ezivikelwe. Lezi zikhuthazo zingaba ngezindlela ezahlukene, kusukela ekuqaphelweni okuthile kuya ezilinganisweni zomnotho noma ukufinyelela kuqala ezinsizeni ezithile, njalo ngokubambisana nomkhakha kanye nezinye iziphathimandla.
UMnyango ugcizelela ukuthi azikho kulezi zinqumo ezingenziwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkhakha wokudoba. Ngakho-ke, Ukubamba iqhaza komkhakha ngokwawo kubhekwa njengokubalulekile ukuze izinyathelo zibe ngokoqobo futhi zisebenze.ukugwema ukudala izingxabano ezintsha nokukhuthaza ukubambisana ekulondolozweni koLwandle iBalearic.
Ucwaningo, ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokuqinisa inani labantu
Ingxenye yesayensi ithatha indawo evelele ohlelweni, olugxile ku ukuqinisa ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ukugxila koshaka kanye nemisebe. I-Institute for Agri-food and Fisheries Research and Training (IRFAP) izodlala indima ebalulekile, ngokubambisana nezinye izikhungo zemfundo kanye nezikhungo ezikhethekile.
Imigqa yomsebenzi ehleliwe ifaka phakathi izifundo mayelana ukusinda ngemva kokukhululwa, ukuziphatha kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene endaweni yaseBalearic, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ngofuzo okuvumela ukuhlolwa kwesimo sabantu kanye nekhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zemvelo.
Uhlelo luhlanganisa futhi qhubeka futhi wandise ulwazi lokuzalanisa okuvalelwe kwezinhlobo ezisengozini, njenge-scyliorhinus stellaris, futhi uhlole izenzo zokuqinisa noma zokubuyisela inani labantu ezimweni lapho inani lezilwane zemvelo linyamalele noma lisesimweni esibucayi kakhulu esikalini sesifunda.
Nokho, lezi zinyathelo zihlala zicatshangwa kusukela ku- umbono ohlakaniphile nohlelekileSikhumbula ukuthi ukuzalanisa noma ukuphinda kufakwe ezitokisini akukwazi ukuthatha indawo yokuphathwa okusimeme kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nemisebenzi yokudoba, kodwa kufanele kuhambisane nakho uma kuneziqinisekiso zesayensi ezanele.
Ukuqinisa ucwaningo kuzophinde kuvumele ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli okuhlola inani labantu futhi kuhlinzeke amasethi edatha aphelele futhi aqinileLokhu kuzoholela ezinqumweni zokuphatha ezinolwazi olungcono ezivumelaniswe nesimo esishintshayo saseNtshonalanga yeMedithera.
Ukuqapha, ukulawula kanye nokuqeqesha abasebenzi bokuhlola
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke lezi zinyathelo azihlali ziyizimemezelo nje, uhlelo lunikezela isigaba esithile ukuqinisa ukuqapha kanye nokuthobela imithethoKuyaqashelwa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kweqoqo lezenzo kuncike, ngezinga elikhulu, ekulawuleni okwanele kanye nokuxhumana koketshezi phakathi kokuphathwa.
Kulokhu, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwabasebenzi bokuqapha kanye nokuhlola ekuhlonzeni izinhlobo ezivikelwe zama-elasmobranch kanye nolwazi lwezinqubo ezintsha kanye nezibopho ezivela ohlelweni.
Ukuthuthukisa ukulawula akugcini nje ekwandiseni inani lokuhlolwa, kodwa kuhlose isenzo esikhethekile nesihambisanayo, okucabangela kokubili iqiniso lomsebenzi wokudoba kanye nezinto eziza kuqala ekulondolozweni.
UMnyango ugcizelela nokubaluleka kwe- ukuhlanganiswa kokuphatha phakathi kwezinhlangano ezahlukene ezinekhono ekudobeni, endaweni yasolwandle nasezindaweni ezivikelwe, ukuze izinqumo zihambisane futhi kugwenywe ukuphindaphindwa noma izikhala ekusetshenzisweni kwemithethonqubo.
Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yokuzibophezela kukaHulumeni ku-a ukuphathwa kwesimanje nokusekelwe ebufakazini yoLwandle iBalearic, lapho ukuqapha kungaqondwa njengethuluzi lokwenqabela kuphela, kodwa futhi njengethuluzi lokusekela lo mkhakha enkambisweni yokuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezintsha zokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
Iqembu lochwepheshe ukuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa koshaka nemisebe
Umyalo ovuma uhlelo uhlanganisa Iqembu Lochwepheshe Ngoshaka Nama-Rays Eziqhingini ZaseBalearic njengenhlangano yasekolishi enohlobo lokweluleka, exhumene noMnyango Wezolimo, Ezokudoba kanye Nemvelo.
Leli qembu lizokwakhiwa yi- Abameleli abavela kuhulumeni abahlukene, izikhungo zesayensi, izinhlangano zokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nomkhakha wokudoba uqobokokubili kobungcweti kanye nokuzijabulisa. Indima yabo izoba ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olukhethekile, ukweluleka ngokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo, kanye nokuphakamisa ukulungiswa lapho ukuthambekela kwabantu noma idatha yesayensi ikubonisa lokho.
KuHulumeni, ukuba khona kwalolu hlaka lokubamba iqhaza kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luhlala lusebenza futhi luvumelana nobufakazi obushaU-Antoni M. Grau ngokwakhe ugcizelele ukuthi ukuba khona komkhakha wokudoba kule nhlangano kubalulekile ukuze izinyathelo zisebenze futhi zihunyushwe emisebenzini yansuku zonke.
U-Anna Torres, yena, ugcizelele ukuthi ukulondolozwa kolwandle kuzosebenza kuphela uma kwenziwa ngokuvumelana kanye nokubambisana, okubandakanya hhayi nje kuphela abaphathi, kodwa nezakhamuzi, izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nemikhakha yezomnotho exhumene nolwandle.
Empeleni, iqembu lochwepheshe liba yi- isikhala sengxoxo yezobuchwepheshe neyemikhakhalapho idatha yesayensi, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabadobi kanye nezidingo zokuphatha kungaqhathaniswa khona, futhi lapho izenzo eziphuthumayo kakhulu zibekwa phambili ngokwesimo sezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Uma kuhlanganiswa, uhlelo olusha lokusebenza lokulondolozwa kwama-Elasmobranch eziQhingini zaseBalearic lusungula imephu yendlela ezimisele yokuvikela oshaka nemisebe entshonalanga yeMeditheraLokhu kuhilela ukuhlanganisa izinguquko ekuphathweni kwezokudoba, ucwaningo olwandisiwe, ukuqapha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo okuvela kubabambiqhaza. Inselelo manje ukuhumusha lolu hlaka lokulawula lube yimiphumela ebonakalayo olwandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi ziqhingi zigcina ukuhlukahluka kwazo nokuthi umsebenzi wokudoba ungathuthuka ngeziqinisekiso ezinkulu zokuzinza kwesikhathi eside.
