Izilwandle nezilwandle zale planethi ziyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezenza lezi zindawo zemvelo zibe izindawo zokuhlala zangempela zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Phakathi kwezinhlanzi eziphawuleka kakhulu, ngenxa yemibala yazo emangalisayo kanye ne-anatomy eyingqayizivele, yi udokotela ohlinzayo, edume ikakhulukazi ngama-hues ayo aqhakazile kanye nesakhiwo somzimba esihlukile. Lesi sihloko sidingida kuzo zonke izici zenhlanzi ehlinzayo: kusukela endaweni yayo nokuziphatha kuya kubhayoloji yayo, ukudla, ukuzala, ukunakekela ekuthunjweni, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo kwezemvelo namasiko.
Iyini inhlanzi ehlinzayo? Isingeniso nokuqashelwa
Leli gama udokotela ohlinzayo ibhekisela emndenini omkhulu, i I-Acanthuridae, okuhlanganisa nxazonke 75-80 izinhlobo asatshalaliswa ezizukulwaneni eziyi-10. Nokho, i i-surgeonfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (I-Paracanthurus hepatus) ngokungangabazeki iwukubonga okuphawuleka kakhulu ngombala wayo ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imigqa emnyama, nomsila ophuzi. Lolu hlobo seluzuze udumo olukhulu ngokuvela kwalo kumafilimu opopayi, kodwa zonke izinhlobo kulo mndeni zabelana ngezici ezithile ze-anatomical nezokuziphatha ezizenza zihluke.
I-Surgeonfish ithola igama layo esakhiweni esibukhali, esifana ne-scalpel esisekelweni somsila wayo, esisebenza njengendlela yokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nezimbangi. Imizimba yazo eyisiyingi, eyisicaba iyenza isheshe kakhulu endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amehlo azo amakhulu anikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu, ngisho nasemanzini ajulile noma akhanya kalufifi.
Indawo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlanzi ezihlinzayo
El udokotela ohlinzayo Ayikhawulelwe endaweni eyodwa yeplanethi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuhlanganisa izindawo ezibanzi ezishisayo nezishisayo zoLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nolwasePacific. Abantu bakhona batholakala kusukela ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Afrika, kudlulele eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (kuhlanganise neJapane, i-Indonesia, iPhilippines, neThailand), kuya e-Australia, eNew Caledonia, eSamoa, eHawaii, naseziqhingini ezihlukahlukene zasePacific. Izibonelo ziye zabikwa ezindaweni zaseMadagascar, eSeychelles, eMaldives, eNdiya, nasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika.
Le nhlanzi ikhetha izixhobo zamakhorali, ikakhulukazi amathala angaphandle kanye nezindawo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezihlinzeka ngokudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuvikelwa. Zivamise ukuhlala emadwaleni, emifantwini nasezindaweni ezinolwelwe oluningi ekujuleni kusukela. 2 namamitha ayi-40. Izibonelo zezingane zivame ukwakha izikole ezizungeze amagatsha amakhorali afana I-Pocillopora eydouxi, kuyilapho abantu abadala bengaphila ukuphila bodwa noma ngababhangqwana.
Ukunotha kwezixhobo zamakhorali kuzivumela ukuba zibe nendawo ekahle, nakuba izinsongo zemvelo zingathinta abantu bazo (ukungcola, ukucekelwa phansi kwezixhobo, ukudoba okungasimeme), okuye kwaholela emizamweni yokongiwa kwemvelo kwezinye izifunda.
Izici zomzimba nezebhayoloji zenhlanzi ehlinzayo
El i-surgeonfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (I-Paracanthurus hepatus) igqama ngombala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogqamile, iphrofayili ephawulwe ngemigqa emibili emnyama, nomsila ophuzi okhanyayo. Imiphetho yamaphiko ayo ingaba phuzi noma ibemnyama, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo zesifunda. Umbala uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka: izingane zivame ukuba lula futhi iphethini yazo ayichazwanga kangako.
Umzimba wayo ocindezelwe eceleni uyivumela ukuthi ihambe kahle phakathi kwamakhorali namadwala. Usayizi omaphakathi ngu Amasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30, nakuba endle kungatholakala ama-specimens afinyelela phezulu Amasentimitha angama-70 nesisindo esingu-7-8 kg, nakuba lesi sakamuva singavamile. Ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezihlinzayo. Abesifazane ngokuvamile bancane kancane kunabesilisa abadala, kodwa i-dimorphism yobulili ayibonakali.
Esinye sezici zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu ubukhona be ama-scalpels noma imigogodla evikelayo esisekelweni somsila, yokungaguquguquki okuqinile nemibala eguquguqukayo, abayisebenzisayo ngokumelene nezinsongo. Naphezu kwenkolelo evamile, Azizona izinhlanzi ezinobuthi, nakuba imigogodla yabo ingabangela ukulimala uma iphathwa ngokunganaki. Ezinye izinhlobo ezithize kakhulu zinabo ubuthi obuncane, kodwa esimweni se- I-Paracanthurus hepatus ingozi incane.
La isikhathi sokuphila ye-surgeonfish iyamangalisa: ezimweni ezikahle bangaphila phakathi kweminyaka engama-10 kuye kwengama-20, nakuba ekuthunjweni ukuphila kwabo isikhathi eside kungenzeka kube kufushane ngenxa yengcindezi, izifo noma izinga lamanzi.
Ukuziphatha nokuhlalisana kwenhlanzi ehlinzayo
Ngesikhathi isiteji sentsha, inhlanzi ehlinzayo ngokuvamile ihlala kuyo amabhange amaningi, okuzinikeza isivikelo esikhulu ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Lokhu kuziphatha kobudlelwane kuvumela ukushintshaniswa kwezakhi zofuzo futhi kusiza ukufunwa kokudla. Lapho sebekhulile, bavame ukusungula amapheya noma bakhethe ukuphila ngabodwana, ikakhulukazi ama-specimens amakhulu.
Inhlanzi ehlinzayo enokuthula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isencane, kodwa ingathuthukisa impatho yendawo futhi ibonise ulaka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivaliwe noma lapho kukhona ezinye izinhlanzi ezihlinzayo eziqhudelana nazo endaweni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuziphatha kwayo kuthonywa kakhulu indawo yayo kanye nokutholakala kwezindawo zokucasha nezisetshenziswa.
Ezindaweni zasemanzini, kuyanconywa ukuthi kuhlinzekwe indawo evulekile neyakheke kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukuziphatha okunolaka. Izibonelo zabantu abadala zingaba nolaka futhi, uma zinesithukuthezi noma zintula ukukhuthazwa, zingase zihlasele ngisho namakhorali noma izilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Ukondla: Idlani inhlanzi ehlinzayo?
El udokotela ohlinzayo ikakhulukazi ezidla izitshalo, nakuba bebonisa ukuguquguquka kwe-omnivorous kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Ngesikhathi sokuthosa, abantu ngokuvamile badla i-plankton kanye ne-microalgae kuphela, bazondla nge-phytoplankton ne-zooplankton etholakala emanzini. Njengoba zikhula futhi zifinyelela imithombo emisha yokudla, zengeza izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla, izibungu, izingcezu zamakhorali, ngisho namaqanda ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ekudleni kwazo.
Abantu abadala bagxile kwi- ukusetshenziswa kwe-macroalgae, azikhuhla emadwaleni nasezintweni zamakhorali ngokwazo. Lo msebenzi ubalulekile ekulinganiseni kwemvelo kwezixhobo zokusebenza, njengoba zilawula ukukhula kolwelwe okweqile okungavala amakhorali. Nokho, azideleli imithombo yezilwane, zamukele izimfanzi ezincane, izimfanzi ze-brine, noma i-mysis.
Ezindaweni zasemanzini, kubalulekile ukunikeza a ukudla okuhlukahlukene Ukudla okusekelwe olwelweni olusha, imifino (efana nolethisi, isipinashi, idandelion, nobhanana), ukudla okulungiselelwe kwezitshalo (ama-flakes anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-spirulina), kanye namaprotheni ahambisanayo njenge-brine shrimp noma ukudla okuqandisiwe. Ngokufanelekile, nikela ngokudla ngezingxenye ezincane usuku lonke ukuze uphindaphinde ukudla kwabo okungaguquki endle.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-surgeonfish: biology kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
La ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ye-surgeonfish ifinyelelwa cishe iminyaka emibili yokuphila futhi ihlobene nosayizi womuntu kuneminyaka yakhe ngqo. Ukukhiqiza ngokuvamile kuhambisana nenkathi yonyaka nezimo zokushisa ezingcono kakhulu kanye nokutholakala kokudla (ezifundeni eziningi ezishisayo, lokhu kuhambisana nentwasahlobo noma imijikelezo yenyanga egcwele).
El ukuqomisana Kuqala lapho owesilisa ejaha eyesifazane aze adonse ukunaka kwayo. Kulesi sigaba, abesilisa bangase babonise ukuhlukahluka kombala, bathole amathoni anamandla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengesibonakaliso sokushisa. Ngemva kokuqomisana, insikazi izalela amaqanda ayo emanzini bese iduna liwavundisa ngaphandle, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuzala.
Ukuzalana kuvame ukuvela ngamaqembu futhi ngokuvamile kusihlwa noma ebusuku ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okuthi amaqanda aphile futhi kugwenywe izilwane ezidla ezinye. Izibungu ziyachamisela phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu nezinhlanu kamuva, kuye ngokushisa kwamanzi. Okuthosiwe kusobala futhi kuyindilinga, okuzinikeza ukufihlwa kwasekuqaleni kuze kuthuthuke umbala nezikali.
Ekuthunjweni, ukuzala kwezinhlanzi ezihlinzayo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga izimo ezilawulwa kakhulu, yingakho izibonelo eziningi zentengiso zibanjwa endle.
I-Surgeonfish e-aquariums: ukunakekelwa nezincomo
Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhangayo kanye namandla we udokotela ohlinzayo iyenze yaba enye yezinhlanzi ezifiswa kakhulu abathandi be-aquarium yasolwandle. Nokho, ukugcinwa kwayo kudinga ulwazi nokunakwa okukhethekile ngenxa yezidingo zabo ezithile.
- Ubukhulu be-Aquarium: Njengoba kunikezwe umsebenzi wayo nosayizi, umthamo omncane we Ama-1000 amalitha izibonelo zabantu abadala, futhi ezinkulu nakakhulu uma zigcinwe ngamaqembu. Unqenqema olungaphambili okungenani lwamamitha amabili lulungele izibonelo ezinkulu.
- Imingcele yamanzi: Izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kuka-23 no-27 ºC, ene-pH engu-8.1 kuya ku-8.4. Ziyakwazi ukuzwela izinga lamanzi kanye nama-nitrate spikes, ngakho uhlelo lokuhlunga kufanele lusebenze kahle futhi amanzi ashintsha njalo.
- Imihlobiso nezindawo zokukhosela: Kubalulekile ukulingisa a Izixhobo zamakhorali, enamatshe, imigede kanye nezindawo zokucasha ezivumela ukuba zithole izindawo futhi zizizwe ziphephile.
- Ukuhambisana: Gwema ukugcina inhlanzi ehlinzayo yabantu abadala abaningi emanzini amancane ukuze unciphise ulaka. Zingahlaliswa nezinhlanzi ezinokuthula ezinobukhulu obufanayo kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla eziqinile.
- Ukudla: Nikeza ngokudla okuhlukahlukene okucebile ngemifino, izitshalo zasolwandle ezintsha, namaprotheni ezilwane ngemithamo emincane esakazwa usuku lonke.
- Impilo nezifo: Bangenwa yizifo ezifana nokuguguleka kwamabala amhlophe kanye nekhanda, okuvamise ukudalwa yingcindezi kanye nokungondleki kahle. Ukusebenzisa amadivaysi e-UV nokuvimbela ukushintshashintsha kwemingcele yamanzi kusiza ukunciphisa izingozi.
Ukuthenga i-captive-bred noma i-larval Surgeonfish kungcono kunaleyo ebanjwe endle, njengoba izindlela zokuzikhipha zingalimaza izixhobo futhi zithinte ukusimama kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Ukuthakasela okuvusa i udokotela ohlinzayo Lolu hlobo lwaziwa ngobuhle balo, indima yalo endaweni yemvelo emanzini, kanye nobungqabavu balo ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibeka inselele kuma-aquarists ngenxa yendawo yayo ephezulu, amanzi, kanye nezidingo zokudla. Ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, ungakwazi ukujabulela le nhlanzi emangalisayo futhi ube neqhaza ekulondolozweni kwemvelo yasolwandle.
