Imakethe ye- Imboni yezinhlanzi ezisemathinini inyakazisiwe Ezinyangeni zamuva nje, kuye kwavela icala elisha lokushintshaniswa kwezinhlobo: amathini athengiswa njenge-jack mackerel, kodwa empeleni aqukethe i-mackerel. Impikiswano, eyaqala ukudalulwa eChile, ilethe udaba lokulawulwa kokulebula, ukulandelelwa kokudla kwasolwandle, kanye nokuvikelwa kwabathengi.
Le mpikiswano isiphenduke ikesi elifanekisela i-mackerel elibhalwe ukuthi i-jack mackerelKuvele ukuthi ezinye izimpahla ezisemathinini ezingeniswe zivela eShayina azifani nezinhlobo ezivezwe emaphaketheni azo. Nakuba inkinga isivele ibonakale emakethe ethile, impikiswano idlula imingcele futhi iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokubhekwa kwemikhiqizo yokudla kwasolwandle edliwayo emazweni aseYurophu nakwezinye izifunda.
Indlela i-mackerel ebizwa ngokuthi i-jack mackerel eyatholakala ngayo
Umsuka wecala usesicelweni esisemthethweni esithunyelwe yinhlangano yezohwebo Abadobi bezimboni be-Biobío ngaphambi kwe-Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) yase-University of Chile. Ngomhlaka-19 Novemba 2025, inhlangano yacela lesi sikhungo sezemfundo ukuthi sihlaziye okuqukethwe kwemikhiqizo eminingana ekheniwe ethengiswa njenge-jack mackerel emakethe yaseChile.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-INTA, ngokusebenzisa uMnyango wayo Wosizo Lobuchwepheshe, bathole izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo ekheniwe ezitolo ezinkulu nasezitolo ezifundeni zaseMetropolitan naseValparaíso. Amathini, wonke abhalwe ukuthi yi-jack mackerel, ayevela eShayina futhi athengiswa ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo ekhona kakhulu esiteshini esikhulu sokusabalalisa.
Umsebenzi wenziwa e- Ilebhu Yezofuzo kanye Nezofuzo Zokusebenzisana Kwezinto Eziphilayo (LG²IB) kusuka ku-INTA uqobo. UMqondisi Wosizo Lobuchwepheshe, uCarmen Gloria Yáñez, uchaze ukuthi i-DNA ikhishwe futhi yahlanzwa kusampula ngayinye, kamuva kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCR, inqubo efana naleyo esetshenziswe ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ukuthola igciwane, kodwa kulokhu ihlose ukuhlonza izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Lapho izinto zofuzo sezitholiwe, kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezakhi zofuzo futhi imiphumela yaqhathaniswa izizindalwazi zomhlaba wonke ezikhethekile ekuhlonzeni izinhloboNgenxa yalokhu kuqhathanisa, abacwaningi bakwazile ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi okuqukethwe amathini kuhambisana ne-horse mackerel echazwe kulebula noma uhlobo oluhlukile.
Imiphumela yokuhlaziya: akukho mackerel ye-jack.
Izifundo zokuthayipha kwama-molecule zaziqinisekisa: Ukudla okusemathinini okuhlaziyiwe akwenziwanga nge-horse mackerel (Trachurus murphyi)kodwa nge-mackerel (Scomber spp.). UCarmen Gloria Yáñez ngokwakhe uchaze ukuthi indlela esetshenziswayo isebenza njenge-"ibhakhodi yezakhi zofuzo", eqhathaniswa namathebula okubhekisela emhlabeni wonke ukuqinisekisa uhlobo oluqondile.
Ngamazwi omqondisi wezobuchwepheshe we-INTA, Amasampula amahlanu ahlolisisiwe atholakale ukuthi angama-mackerelNaphezu kokuthi ibizwe ngokuthi i-jack mackerel, umcwaningi wagomela ngokuthi bangaqinisekisa "ngo-100%" ukuthi uhlobo oluhlukile, okusho ukuthi abathengi babethenga futhi bekhokhela umkhiqizo ohlukile kunalowo ababecabanga ukuthi bayawuthenga.
Le mibiko yayingeyona into eyenzeka ngo-Agasti 2025, i-INTA, ngokubambisana ne-Metropolitan Health Authority, yayisivele ikhiphe imiphumela efanayo ngemuva kokuhlaziya ezinye izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezimpahla ezisemathinini ezingeniswe zivela eShayina ezazibizwa nangokuthi i-jack mackerel. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kwase kutholile ukuthi okuqukethwe kwangempela kwakuyi-mackerel.
Kuhle ukugcizelela ukuthi i-INTA Ayinawo amandla okwengamela noma okujezisaIndima yabo kuleli cala kube ukuhlinzeka ngobufakazi obuqinile besayensi ukuze iziphathimandla ezifanele, kokubili ezempilo kanye nokuvikelwa kwabathengi, zikwazi ukuvula uphenyo, zisebenzise izijeziso noma zikhiphe izinyathelo zokulungisa ekulebhelweni nasekukhangisweni kwale mikhiqizo.
Amamaki atholakele kanye nobubanzi benkinga
Impikiswano mayelana i-mackerel ebhalwe ukuthi i-horse mackerel Uphenyo lwaqina lapho uhlu oluthile lwemikhiqizo ethintekayo luqala ukubonakala emphakathini. Esigabeni sokuqala, cishe ngo-2025, izinhlobo ezinhlanu zemikhiqizo ekheniwe evela eShayina zase zivele zingatshazwa: iColiseo, iBarquito, iNovamar, i-Unimarc, kanye ne-Acuenta, zonke ezazithengiswa eChile njenge-jack mackerel.
Ngemva kwalokho, uphenyo olusha lwentatheli kanye nezikhalazo ezivela emkhakheni wokudoba wezimboni zembula imikhiqizo emihlanu eyengeziwe ezophinda iphethini efanayoI-Deyco, i-Misol, i-Esmeralda, i-De Reyes, kanye ne-San Remo. Lezi zinhlobo zisabalalisa nemikhiqizo yazo ekheniwe ezitolo ezinkulu ezinkulu kanye naseziteshini zokuthengisa ngobuningi, okwandisa ububanzi benkinga.
Ngaleli qoqo lesibili lamacala, inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo ebuzwayo ikhuphuke yaya kwabayishumi emakethe yaseChileIcala eliyinhloko liyafana kuzo zonke izimo: imikhiqizo ibhalwe futhi ikhangiswa njenge-jack mackerel, kodwa ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kukhombisa ukuthi inhlanzi epakishiwe iyi-mackerel engeniswe eShayina.
Ngokombono wezempilo, ochwepheshe babonisana bagcizelela ukuthi ukudla i-mackerel esikhundleni se-horse mackerel kungcono. Akuyona ingozi eqondile empilweni uma umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezimo zokuhlanzeka ezidingekayo kanye nokugcinwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kungumkhiqizo ukukhohlisa kwabathengi kanye noshintsho olufanele olwazini mayelana nemvelaphi kanye nezinhlobo, olunomthelela kwezomnotho kanye nokuthembana.
Emakethe yezimpahla ezisemathinini lapho umthengi Awukwazi ukubona okuqukethwe Ngaphambi kokuthenga, ukunemba kokulebula kubalulekile. Uma uhlobo olulodwa lumenyezelwa futhi iphakethe liqukethe olunye, imithetho yokulebula iyaphulwa, umthengi uyalimala, futhi ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi basekhaya nabangenisi kuyaphambuka.
Indima yabadobi bezimboni eBiobío
Isisusa sokukhononda sivela kakhulu ku- Inhlangano Yabadobi Bezimboni ye-Biobío, enye yezinhlangano ezibaluleke kakhulu embonini yokudoba i-jack mackerel yaseChile. Yibo abaqoqa ulwazi futhi bafaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni kwi-Metropolitan Health Authority, becela ukuqala kophenyo lwezempilo.
Umongameli wayo, uMacarena Cepeda Godoy, ugcizelele ukuthi lesi akusona isigameko esingavamile, kodwa kunalokho yisigameko umkhuba ophindaphindwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathiUkhumbule ukuthi isikhalazo sokuqala safakwa ngo-2025 futhi saholela ekujezisweni nasezixwayisweni kwamanye amabhrendi. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngemva kwalezo zinyathelo, ezinye izinkampani ezingenisa kwamanye amazwe zagcwalisa ngokushesha isikhala seshelufu ngemikhiqizo emisha ebizwa nangokuthi i-jack mackerel.
Inhlangano yezohwebo ithi lokhu kufakwa esikhundleni kwezinhlobo kanye nokufihla imvelaphi yangempela yomkhiqizo kuwukwephulwa komthetho. Bakha icala lokukhangisa okukhohlisayo kanye nokuncintisana okungafanele. Ngokuthengisa ama-mackerel angenisiwe njengokungathi yi-jack mackerel, indawo yokudoba yaseChile iyawohloka, okuye kwazama iminyaka eminingi ukwakha isithombe sekhwalithi kanye nokulandeleka ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke.
UCepeda udonsele ukunaka ebangeni lalesi simo, ephawula ukuthi, cishe Amathini ayizigidi ezingu-30 ezinto zokugcina athengiswa minyaka yonke eChileOkungenani izinhlobo eziyishumi kuthiwa zihilelekile kulo mkhuba. Kulo mkhakha, umthelela ubalulekile: ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa ukuzethemba kwabathengi, kudala indawo yokuncintisana engalingani ngokumelene nemikhiqizo engeniswayo engayidaluli ngokunembile izinhlobo zayo kanye nemvelaphi yazo.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, abadobi bezimboni bakhuthaze abathengi ukuthi babheke umsuka ovela ephaketheni futhi, lapho kufaneleka khona, ukufuna imikhiqizo ekhombisa ngokusobala imvelaphi yayo yesizwe, njengendlela yokusekela imikhumbi yendawo nokunciphisa ukungena kwezimpahla ezisemathinini ezingahambisani nokulebula okusobala.
Izinhlangano zabathengi kanye nezinyathelo zomthetho ezingaba khona
Icala le-mackerel elibizwa ngokuthi i-horse mackerel nalo liye lakhuthaza izinhlangano zokumela abathengiI-National Corporation of Consumers and Users (Conadecus) imemezele ukuthi icabanga ukufaka izinyathelo zomthetho ezintsha ngenxa yentuthuko yakamuva.
Umongameli wayo, uHernán Calderón, ukhombisile ukuthi cishe bazonquma ukwenza kanjalo. ukwandisa isidingo esikhona, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezintsha ezitholakale ngo-2026. Inhloso kungaba ukufaka ingcindezi kuhulumeni ukuthi ayeke le mikhuba futhi aqinise ukulawulwa kokungena kwemikhiqizo engenisiwe, ukuze amathini anolwazi oluyiphutha mayelana nokuqukethwe kwawo angafinyeleli emashalofini.
UCalderón ugcizelele ukuthi inkinga ayinakuncishiswa noma ibhekwe njengendaba nje. Ngokusho kwamazwi akhe, Kungenzeka ukuthi kwafakwa amathini afinyelela ezigidini ezingu-30 emakethe enezilebula ezingahambisani nezinhlobo zangempela. Lesi sibalo sinikeza umbono wenani elingaba khona labathengi abathintekile kanye nobukhulu bokukhohlisa kwezomnotho.
Ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwabathengi, kugcizelelwa ukuthi umongo wengxabano akuyona nje uhlobo lwenhlanzi, kodwa futhi neqiniso lokuthi umuntu othenga umkhiqizo... themba lokho okufundayo kulebulaUma lolo lwazi lungelona iqiniso, amalungelo ayisisekelo ayaphulwa, ukwethembana kwemikhiqizo kuyancishiswa, futhi iziphathimandla ziphoqeleka ukuqinisa ukuqapha engxenyeni ethile, yemikhiqizo esemathinini, ezwela kakhulu lolu hlobo lokukhwabanisa.
Izinyathelo ezingenzeka zingasukela ku- izinhlawulo kanye nezinhlawulo zokuphatha Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinyathelo ezifana nokukhunjulwa komkhiqizo kanye nezidingo zokulungiswa kokulebula kanye nokukhangisa. Inhloso ukuvimbela i-mackerel ukuthi ingaphinde ithengiswe njenge-horse mackerel futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi banolwazi olucacile nolunembile lapho bekhetha ukuthi iyiphi inhlanzi abazoyidla.
Icala le-mackerel elibizwa ngokuthi i-jack mackerel seliyisibonelo esicacile sendlela ukulawulwa kwesayensi, izikhalazo ezivela emkhakheni wokukhiqiza, kanye nengcindezi evela ezinhlanganweni zabathengi ezingaveza ngayo ukungahambi kahle ochungechungeni lokudla. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo, uphenyo lwezintatheli, kanye nezenzo zezikhungo kuye kwaveza inkinga ethinta izigidi zamathini, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokulebula okuqinile, ukucaca maqondana nemvelaphi kanye nezinhlobo, kanye nesidingo sokuqinisa ukubhekwa kwezinhlanzi ezifakwe emathinini ezingenisiwe, kokubili eChile nakwamanye amamakethe lapho amacala afanayo angenzeka khona uma izinyathelo zokulawula zingaqiniswa.
