Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho i-pike fishLe nhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi i-pike ngenxa yokuthi isikhali sasePoland esifana nayo sasibizwa kanjalo. Futhi inamanye amagama ajwayelekile, njenge-pike enkulu yasenyakatho, utshani pike, noma inhlanzi yengwenya (lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikhanda layo lifana nelengwenya). Igama layo lesayensi ngu esox lucius futhi inamacuriosity ambalwa impela.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokujulile mayelana nezinhlanzi ze-pike, ngakho-ke uma ufuna qhubeka ufunda kufanele nje ukwenze
Izici eziyinhloko
Le nhlanzi ingeyohlobo lwe-EsoxLezi zinhlanzi zihlala kuyo amanzi anosawoti namanzi futhi bayakwazi ukuhlala kuzo zombili izindawo. Umbala wabo uluhlaza okotshani kanye nezipho amachashaza anomthunzi ophuzi nomhlophe esiswini. Iphinde ibe namachashaza amafushane amise okwebha ehlangothini, kanti amanye amaphiko angabonakala amabala amnyama.
Ukuze uqaphele inhlanzi encane ye-pike, kufanele uyibheke imithende ephuzi yobudeOkuhlaba umxhwele ngale nhlanzi ukuthi ayisenawo amazenga engxenyeni engezansi yezinyosi zayo. Futhi, uma ubhekisisa lelo khanda elifana nengwenya, singabona izimbotshana zezinzwa kwasakazwa ekhanda lonke, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi komhlathi, okukusiza ukuba ufunde indawo okuzungezile.
Umzimba wakho side futhi cishe cylindrical, i-dorsal fin ihlehliselwe emuva, okusiza ukusheshisa kokuqhuma. umugqa oseceleni Imakwe kahle futhi ngokuvamile inezikali ezincane eziyi-110-130. Umlomo, owakhiwe njengoqhwaku lwedada, uvulela phezulu futhi izindlu a i-dentition engashintshwa: Lapho izinyo liphuma, elinye elingemuva kwalo liyavela futhi lilisuse.
Ngokuqondene nosayizi, iningi le-pike lilinganisa phakathi 50 futhi 100cm, nakuba kunezibonelo ezingadlula imitha elilodwa. Ezisikazi ngokuvamile zifinyelela osayizi abakhulu ukuthi abesilisa, kanye nezibonelo eziqinile kakhulu, zingafinyelela izisindo eziphakeme kakhulu ezimeni ezifanele.
Kukhona ezinye amafomu e-hybrid yezinhlanzi ze-pike, ezifana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-tiger pike, okubangelwa ukuhlukana phakathi I-Esox masquinony y esox luciusKulolu hlobo lwama-hybrids, ama- Abesilisa ngokuvamile abayinyumba, ngakho-ke azikhiqizi inani labantu ngokwazo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ezinsikazi ziyavunda futhi zingazalana nenye yezinhlobo zomzali.
Singaphinde sihlangane nalokhu okuthiwa isiliva pike fish. Akuyona i-subspecies, kodwa a ukushintsha kombala okubonwa kubantu abahlakazeke kakhulu noma labo abangaphansi kwezimo ezithile, okuholela ku-phenotype elula noma esiliva.
Ukuziphatha kwenhlanzi ye-pike
Lezi zinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuthuthuka ukubhukuda ngokushesha kakhulu kuyaqalaLokhu kusheshisa okukhulu kubangela okuncane ukubhukuda kuqhuma ezenza inyamazane yazo yesabe ngokunyakaza kwazo okungalindelekile.
Abasebenzisi nje ukuzingela kuphela le bhuthi enkulu, kodwa futhi gwema izinsongoNakuba bephila ukuphila okungavamile, lapho bebona inyamazane yabo, Basebenzisa lezi ziqhumane ukwethula futhi uyithwebule ngempumelelo. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ukunyakaza okufana namagagasi kuvame e Okumise okwe-S ukuze uthole isivinini bese kuthintwa ukungena Okumise okwe-C ukwehla ngokushesha.
Lokhu kuqhuma kungenzeka ngoba bane- ukugaya okusheshayoNgokungachithi amandla ezinqubweni zokugaya isikhathi eside, alula futhi angakhipha cishe ukuqhuma kwesivinini. Yile ndlela abafinyelela ngayo inani eliphezulu lokubamba emini. Zisebenza kakhulu emini (ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa) futhi zivame ukuzola ebusuku.
I-pike iyisilwane esizingelayo yodwa kanye nendawo. Ichitha isikhathi esiningi inganyakazi, icashe, ifihlekile phakathi kwezimila noma eduze kwezakhiwo ezifana nezingodo namadwala. Incike kuyo umbono ogxile ekunyakazeni, emugqeni ongaseceleni ukuze kutholwe ukudlidliza kanye nomuzwa wayo obukhali wokuhogela ukuze kutholwe inyamazane noma ingabonakali kancane. Ezimweni ze-pike eningi, kungase kubonakale ukudla abantu, ukuziphatha okusiza futhi abantu ukuthi bazilawule.
Indawo nendawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo
Lezi zinhlanzi zitholakala ku imifudlana ehamba kancane nezindawo ezingajulile. Ukuze i-pike isebenzise amandla ayo aqhumayo, ijubane lamanzi alikwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu noma lingaba ukumelana okunzima ukunqoba. Iphinde ivela ku amachibi anezimfunda zezitshalo zasemanzini, emanzini abandayo, acwebile anezinqe ezinamatshe noma amatshe. Ngakho igama layo elivamile elithi utshani pike.
Ngokuvamile kuba umhlaseli of ukuqamekela. Ifihla phakathi kwezakhiwo nezitshalo ukuze bahlasele inyamazane yabo ngokungcono kakhulu, ukonga amandla futhi uhlale unganyakazi isikhathi eside. Ingatholakala kunoma iyiphi indawo nge amanzi amaningi nokudla okuyinala, inqobo nje uma zikhona izindawo zokuzalela alungele amanzi angashoni anezimila eziminyene.
Ukuziphatha kwamazimuzimu kuvame ukubonwa, ngakho-ke i-pike idinga izindawo zokukhosela phakathi kwezitshalo ukugwema ukudlelwa izidalwa ezikanye nabo besebancane. Ihlala ikakhulu e amanzi amasha, nakuba ibekezelela amanzi anosawoti; isibonelo, kungabonakala ku amanzi oLwandle iBaltic ezindaweni ezinosawoti omncane.
Lapho amanzi ecwebile, kuba ngcono. Ukuthembela kwazo ezitshalweni ukuze zicashe futhi zicashe kwenza amanzi aguquguqukayo (anokukhanya okuncane kanye nemisinga enamandla) angabi ngcono ngenxa ukushoda kwama-macrophyte.
I-pike idabuka khona iningi laseYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Isakaze kabanzi eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, nokuba khona okuphawulekayo emachibini nasemifuleni emaphakathi nezwe. Lichichima kakhulu ezigodini nasemachibini amaningi amaphakathi nezwe, elinabantu abazinze kahle ezifundeni ezahlukene (isb., I-Levantine, imifula yaseCastilian, iLeonese kanye ne-Extremaduran), kuyilapho ezindaweni zase-Atlantic kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuncane.
Lapho kungaveli khona, isingeniso saso se ukudoba kwezemidlalo ibe nemiphumela ebalulekile yemvelo ezinhlanzini zomdabu, izilwane ezihlala emanzini, ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini, ngisho nezinyoni imbala. E-Spain, iyatholakala ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo zangaphandle ezihlaselayo, yingakho ukwethulwa kwayo endaweni yemvelo kungavunyelwe, kanye nayo impahla, ezokuthutha, ukushushumbiswa kanye nohweboNoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokudoba kufanele uhambisane nemithetho yamanje yesifunda neyendawo.
Ukudla kanye namasu okuzingela
Ipiki i-a inyamazane engosomathuba. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi de peces (kuhlanganise ne-Fry yezinhlobo zayo), kodwa futhi iyathwebula izilwane zasemanzini njengamaxoxo namasele, izinkalankala futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni acuatic y izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane abangena emanzini. Iphethini yokusetshenziswa iyahlukahluka ngokutholakala kwezilwane zasendaweni.
Amasu okuhlasela avame kakhulu yilawa: ukuqamekela (kusukela embozweni yezitshalo noma ezakhiweni), i ukuphishekela okufushane kuyaqala lapho inyamazane ibaleka futhi, ngokugcina isikhathi, izenzo ezididiyelwe ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ukusizakala ngokuphazamiseka kwamabhange de peces. Ukuhlanganisa ukufihla, iziqalo eziqhumayo kanye a umlomo obanzi ohlome ngamazinyo iqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lempumelelo ekuhlaselweni okusondelene.
Ubukhulu, ukukhula nokuphila isikhathi eside
Usayizi omaphakathi we-pike uphakathi 50 cm kanye 1 imitha, enezibonelo ezinkulu ezingadlula lezi zibalo ezindaweni ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Abesifazane ngokuvamile bafinyelela ubude obuningi kunabesilisa. Ukukhula kuyashesha phakathi neminyaka yokuqala uma nje kukhona inala yempango kanye nesembozo sezitshalo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, i-pike ingahlala eduze Amashumi amabili eminyaka, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile ukufinyelela abantu abadala. I impilo ende Kuya ngekhwalithi yendawo yokuhlala, ukutholakala kokudla kanye nengcindezi yokudoba, kanti abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa.
I-Taxonomy kanye nezici ezibalulekile ze-morphological
I-taxonomy eyisisekelo: Kingdom Animalia; Phylum Chordata; Ikilasi Actinopterygii; Oda Esociformes; I-Esocidae yomndeni; I-Genus Esox; Izinhlobo esox luciusIsimo sayo sokongiwa sisonke Ukukhathazeka okuncane ngokohlu olubomvu (IUCN), nakuba esikalini sesifunda singaphathwa njenge ungenayo.
Izici ezihlukile: umzimba i-hydrodynamic nekhanda elide, elibanzi, Umlomo Omkhulu ngamazinyo angashintshwa ahlelwe ngemigqa, i-dorsal fin encane etholakala kude emuva esebenza njengephini lokuqondisa ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi umugqa oseceleni izwela ukudlidliza. Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka oluhlaza okotshani omnqumo kuya onsundu nge izindawo ezikhanyayo emaceleni kanye nokukhanya kwesisu, ukufihla okusebenzayo ohlazeni oluminyene.
Ukuzala
Lezi zinhlanzi zikhetha intwasahlobo ukukhiqiza kabusha. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukutholakala okukhulu kwenyamazane kanye a ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngenxa yokushisa kwamanzi afudumele.
Inhlanzi ye-pike iyakwazi ukufinyelela ukuvuthwa kwabo ngokobulili kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala, nakuba iminyaka eqondile ingase ihluke nge-latitude, izinga lokushisa kanye nokukhiqiza kwemvelo; ezindaweni ezibandayo noma ezimpofu kungase kubambezeleke iminyaka embalwa eyengeziwe. Izala lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela cishe I-8-15 ° C, ngokuvamile emanzini angashoni, ambozwe uhlaza.
Ukuzala ngokuvamile isithembu nokuziphatha okuxekethile: Iningi labesifazane nabesilisa libuthana ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula noma emabhange anezitshalo zasemanzini ukuze zizale. Ezisikazi ziyakwazi ukubekela amaqanda. amaqanda amaningi izinto zokunamathisela (amashumi noma amakhulu ezinkulungwane kuye ngobukhulu bensikazi), ezinamathele ezitshalweni. Uma amaqanda esekhululiwe yizinsikazi, uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphansi kuka-6 °C, ukusebenza kuncipha kakhulu futhi ukuthuthuka kungase kuma; ebangeni elilungile, Ukuchanyuselwa kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14, ukufinyeza ngamazinga okushisa aphakeme kancane phakathi kwebanga eliphephile.
I-Fry ikala cishe isentimitha elilodwa ngesikhathi izalwa futhi iqala ukudla umabhebhanaNjengoba zikhula, ziqhubekela ezilwaneni ezinkulu nezikhudlwana zize zifinyelele ekudleni okujwayelekile kwenyama. Ezindaweni ezine izimila eziningi nokudla, ukukhula konyaka wokuqala kungaba okuphawulekayo.
Isimo, umthelela wemvelo nokongiwa
Emhlabeni jikelele, i-pike ihlukaniswa njenge Ukukhathazeka okuncane ngenxa yokusabalalisa nokuqina kwayo okubanzi. Njengesilwane esizingelayo esiphezulu kuma-ecosystem amaningi, idlala a indima yokulawula enhlanzini yefolishi nezinye izilwane ezizingelayo, okusiza ukugcina ibhalansi ye-trophic uma iyingxenye ye-assemblage yomdabu.
Ezindaweni lapho bekukhona ifakiwe, ukuba khona kwabo kubangela usongo olukhulu izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayoESpain ibonakala ku Ikhathalogi yezinhlobo zamanye amazwe ezihlaselayo, ngokuvinjelwa kwesingeniso, ukuphatha, ezokuthutha, ukushushumbiswa kanye nokuhweba. Ukuphatha kugxile vimbela ukukhishwa okusha futhi unciphise imithelela ku-ichthyofauna, eziphila emanzini nasezweni, ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini nezinyoni.
Intshisekelo ekudobeni kwezemidlalo kanye nezindlela zokuzibophezela
I-pike yaziswa kakhulu endaweni ukudoba kwezemidlalo ngamandla ayo kanye nokuhlasela okumangalisayo. Phakathi kwamasu ajwayelekile yi- ukuphotha ngezinkezo, ama-spinnerbaits, ama-jerkbaits nama-swimbaits (oqinile noma ama-vinyl) alingisa izinhlanzi namaxoxo; i pesca a mosca ngama-streamer amaningi; ukusetshenziswa kwe isiheho semvelo (lapho kuvunyelwe) kanye ne ukunyathela Ilula ukucinga izinhlanzi ezisebenzayo. Ngenxa yamazinyo abo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinsimbi zensimbi noma i-fluorocarbon enamandla amakhulu.
Imithethonqubo on ubuncane bosayizi, ama-quotas, sibonile nezindlela ezivunyelwe ziyahlukahluka ngokwezifunda. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale ubheka imithethonqubo yamanje yendawo kanye hlonipha izikhathi zokuzalanisa, akhiphe amakhophi lapho elulekwa umthetho noma izimiso zokuziphatha kanye ungadlulisi noma ukhulule pike emanzini amasha.
Indlela yokuyihlukanisa futhi igweme ukudideka
Ukukhomba ngokuphepha esox lucius Kuyafaneleka ukunaka yayo umlomo we-duckbill, iphethini enamabala emaceleni, i i-back dorsal fin nomzimba omude. Abesifazane ngokuvamile voluminous ngaphezulu futhi emikhulu. Ezindaweni lapho ezinye izinhlobo zama-squid zihlala khona, iphethini yamabala kanye nokuma kwekhanda kusiza ukulihlukanisa. Ezinye izinhlobo zaseYurophu ezidla amanzi ahlanzekile njenge I-Sander lucioperca (i-pikeperch noma i-sandra) ikhona morphology ezahlukene kanye dentition, okugwema ukudideka lapho unaka lezi zici.
Ngiyethemba ngalokhu ulwazi ukwazi kangcono izinhlanzi ze-pike.
I-pike iyisilwane esizingelayo samanzi apholile biology ethokozisayo, ekwazi ukuchuma ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi inikezwe ukuziphatha okuphumelelayo kokuzingela. Ukuqonda yayo imvelo, ukukhiqiza, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nomthelela ikuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ukubonwa kwayo kanye nokudoba ngendlela enolwazi, kuyilapho ikhuthaza imikhuba eqotho kanye nokudoba ukunakekela imvelo yasemanzini.