I- blobfish ( i-Psychrolutes marcidus ) ingenye yezidalwa eziyingqayizivele nezithakazelisayo kakhulu olwandle olujulile. Ukubukeka kwayo okungavamile kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okumangalisayo kuye kwaheha ilukuluku lososayensi kanye nomphakathi jikelele, okwaholela ekubeni yaziwa njengesilwane esibi kakhulu emhlabeni . Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokubukeka kwayo okungavamile kunezici eziphawulekayo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nomlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wokusinda kwenye yezindawo zokuhlala ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni, okwenza kube ingcebo yangempela yolwandle olujulile.
Iyini i-blobfish?
I- blobfish ( i-Psychrolutes marcidus ), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-blobfish, ingeyomndeni we-Psychrolutidae, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-fathead fish. Amanye amagama, njenge-janaira, asetshenziswa futhi ukuhlonza lolu hlobo ezindaweni ezahlukene. Endaweni yayo yemvelo yokuhlala, le nhlanzi inesimo esivamile kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi , kodwa uma ilethwa phezulu, umzimba wayo uyaguguleka kakhulu ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wokucindezela phakathi kolwandle kanye nolwandle. Yilokhu kanye ukulahlekelwa kwesimo emanzini okwenze isithombe sayo saduma futhi sasakazeka.
Ukubukeka kwayo okufana ne-gelatin, enekhanda elikhulu, ikhala elibonakalayo, kanye nokubukeka "okudabukisayo", kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuzivumelanisa nezimo zayo ezingezinhle. Inyama yayo ilula kunamanzi, inamathambo alula, imisipha embalwa, futhi ayinaso isinyi sokubhukuda - izici ezibalulekile zokuntanta ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu . Ikhula ngobukhulu kusukela ku-30 ​​kuya ku-38 cm ubude futhi ayinawo amathambo noma amazinyo aqinile, ithembele endleleni yokuphila engenzi lutho kodwa ephumelelayo ukuze iphile ekujuleni.
Indawo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-blobfish
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ye-blobfish ingenye yezindawo ezingafaneleki ukuhlala kuzo emhlabeni. Itholakala ikakhulukazi olwandle olujulile ogwini lwase-Australia naseTasmania, kanye naseduze neNew Zealand. Iwuhlobo oluhlala e-benthic , okusho ukuthi luhlala phansi kolwandle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakathi kwamamitha angu-600 no-1.200 ukujula , yize eminye imibiko ikhombisa okutholakele ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-400 kuya ku-1.700. Kulezi zindawo, ingcindezi iphakeme kakhulu, cishe izikhathi eziyikhulu kunaleyo esezingeni lolwandle, futhi izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile lisuka ku -2 liye ku-9 °C).
Lesi sifunda, ngenxa yokufinyelela kwaso okunzima, sinciphise kakhulu ukuqoqwa kolwazi kanye nokubonwa mayelana nalolu hlobo, okunezela isimo semfihlakalo kanye nokuthakazelisa kwesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yaso yokusatshalaliswa ibhekwa njengeyindawo ehlala njalo , ekhawulelwe emanzini aseningizimu eduze kwaseTasmania, kanye nasezindaweni ezithile zaseNew Zealand. Izifundo ezenziwe ezindaweni ezifana neBroken Bay, ogwini lwaseNew South Wales, ziqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlobo luyaqhubeka nokuba khona kulezi zingxenye zaphansi kolwandle.
Ingxenye yomndeni we-Psychrolutidae, ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 kanye nezizukulwane ezingu-8, i-blobfish ifana nezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini ajulile, yize uhlobo lwe -Psychrolutes microporos luhlala ezindaweni eziseduze.
Izici eziyinhloko kanye nezimo
Izici eziyingqayizivele ze-blobfish zidlulela ngale kodumo lwayo. I-physiology yayo ifanelana kahle nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zolwandle olujulile . Ezinye zezici zayo eziyinhloko zifaka:
- Umzimba we-gelatinous nokuqina: Inyama yayo iyisisindo esifana ne-jellyfish, incane kakhulu kunamanzi azungezile, okukuvumela ukuba ukuntanta ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla ukubhukuda, isici esibalulekile lapho umoya-mpilo uyindlala futhi amandla kufanele agcinwe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Isakhiwo samathambo esincane: Inohlaka lwamathambo olwakhiwe amathambo alula nathambile, futhi abanawo umgogodla oqinile noma imisipha emikhulu, enciphisa ikhono labo lokuhamba ngokushesha kodwa okubenza babe ochwepheshe ekusebenziseni amandla amancane.
- Ukungabi khona kwesinye sokubhukuda: Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi de pecesLesi sitho asikho ku-blobfish, njengoba singawa ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi sibeke engozini ukuphila kwalolu hlobo. Kunalokho, izitho namaseli agcwele amanzi ukusiza ukugcina ubuoyancy hlangothi.
- Ikhanda elikhulu kanye nokubukeka "kwe-humanoid".: Ukungalingani phakathi kwekhanda nomzimba kuyabonakala, ikhanda elikhulu, amehlo abekwe ekhoneni lekhala kanye nekhala elikhulu elilengayo neliyindilinga.
- Ngaphandle kwamazinyo noma imisipha enamandla, okunquma indlela abadla ngayo nokuziphatha kwabo.
- Umbala okhilimu kanye nokuthungwa kwe-gelatinous okuchazwa njengokungajabulisi ukuthintwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kubukeka okungavamile kuyanda lapho izinhlanzi zikhishwa emanzini, njengoba ukucindezela okungaphezulu akwanele ukugcina ukwakheka komzimba wayo. Ngakho-ke, "ubuso" obudumile be-blobfish bubonakala ngaphandle kwe-ecosystem yayo, kodwa emanzini ajulile, ukubonakala kwayo kufana kakhulu nokwezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle.
Ukuziphatha nokujwayela ukuphila kwalasha
I-blobfish imelela ukuzola nokulondolozwa kwamandla njengesu lokusinda . Ihlala ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungafiki khona , ingcindezi inkulu kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa alikhuphuki ngaphezu kweqhwa. Ngakho-ke, iye yakha isimo sokuzola nokuphumula, ihamba kancane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla ekuxosheni noma ekuzingeleni okusebenzayo. Esikhundleni sokubhukuda ngamandla, ivame ukuntanta ngokuthula phansi kolwandle futhi ilinde ukudla ukuthi kufinyeleleke kuyo—indlela yokuphila ephumelela kakhulu endaweni ethule kakhulu yemisele yolwandle.
Lezi zinhlanzi kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona endaweni yazo yemvelo, futhi okuncane okwaziwayo ngazo kuye kwatholakala ezibonelweni ezibanjwe ngengozi futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-psychrolutid. Isakhiwo somzimba wazo senza zingakwazi ukusinda ngaphandle kwengcindezi yendawo yazo yokuhlala, yingakho zingavamile ukufundwa elabhorethri ngaphandle kokuhlushwa isifo esibi sokuwohloka kokucindezeleka.
Ukondla i-blobfish
Ukudla kwayo kubonisa indlela yayo yokuphila engenzi lutho. I-blobfish iyisidlo esivulekayo , idla noma yikuphi ukudla okuntantayo eduze komlomo wayo. Ukudla kwayo kuhlanganisa:
- Ama-crustaceans amancane amanzi ajulileyo.
- AmaMollusks eziphumulayo noma ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle.
- Ama-urchins olwandle nabanye izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezakha i-biomass eyindlala kodwa ebalulekile.
- Noma yikuphi izinto eziphilayo ezimisiwe ezingamuncwa futhi zigaywe.
Ayinawo amazinyo noma izakhiwo zokuhlafuna, okungeyona inkinga ngenxa yesimiso sokugaya ukudla esinamandla esikwazi ukumunca nokuphula izakhamzimba eziningi. Le ndlela yokudla engenzi lutho ibalulekile ezindaweni ezinokuncintisana okuncane kakhulu nokuntuleka kokudla, okuvumela ukuthi iphile ngezinsiza ezincane kanye nomsebenzi omncane womzimba. Inyakazisa kancane amaphiko ayo futhi imunce konke okudlula emlonyeni wayo. Ngakho-ke, incike kakhulu ohlelweni lwemvelo olujulile kanye nobuqotho bolwandle, okuwukuphela "kwendawo yokuwasha" yayo.
Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
Umjikelezo wokuzala we-blobfish usalokhu uyimfihlakalo ngenxa yobunzima bokuyifunda ngokujulile. Okwaziwayo ukuthi uhlobo lwe -oviparous olubeka amaqanda alo phansi kolwandle . Phakathi kwemikhuba exakile kakhulu ebonwe yile:
- La insikazi izalela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamaqanda, ebomvana ngombala, ezindaweni ezisobala phansi olwandle.
- Bobabili abazali Zimboza amaqanda ngomzimba wazo ukuze bazivikele, ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle olujulile futhi okukhumbuza izinyoni ezithile zasolwandle.
- I-Los Abazali bagada futhi babheke amaqanda kuze kube ukuchanyuselwa, okusiza ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezizingelayo, njengoba ekujuleni kwalasha awekho amathuba amaningi okucasha noma ukumboza kwemvelo kwesidleke.
Lapho amaphuphu ezalwa, amaphuphu amadala ahlala nawo izinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe, enikeza isivikelo esikhethekile ezindaweni ezinjalo ezivulekile ezingenayo indawo yokukhosela. Ibhayoloji yokuzala ye-blobfish iyaqhubeka nokuba yisihloko socwaningo.
Izinsongo kanye nokongiwa kwe-blobfish
Naphezu kokutholakala ekujuleni okukhulu nasezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula, i-blobfish ayikhululekile ezinsongweni, ikakhulukazi ezithathwe emisebenzini yabantu :
- Ukudonsa ngokudoba olwandle: Nakuba engadotshwa ngenjongo yokudayisa, amanetha okudoba aqondise izinhlobo ezifana namalobster noma i-abyssal cod agcina ebambe ngephutha izibonelo eziningi ze-blobfish, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi bycatch.
- Ukufuduka ngaphandle kwendawo yayo yemvelo: Ukumane ulethe i-blobfish phezulu kubangela izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa endleleni yokuphila kwayo, njengoba ukwakheka komzimba wayo nezitho zangaphakathi azikwazi ukumelana nokwehla komfutho okungazelelwe, okuholela ekufeni kwayo ngesikhathi esifushane.
Isimo sayo sokuba sengozini siye saqashelwa yizinhlangano zokulondolozwa kwemvelo zomhlaba wonke. Nakuba ukuntuleka kwedatha ethile kuvimbela ukulinganisa ukwehla kwayo, usongo luhlala lukhona ngenxa yokuvama kokudoba kwezimboni ezindaweni eziseduze kwayo. Amanye amaqembu okudoba avela e-Australia naseNew Zealand ayaqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima kula manzi, okwandisa ingozi kuma-blobfish ambalwa asele kanye nokuzinza kwesimiso sawo semvelo.
Ngokwesiko elidumile, isithombe esiyisakhiwo sodumo se-blobfish sedlule indawo yesayensi ukuze sibe indawo emidlalweni yevidiyo, ama-memes, izinhlelo zethelevishini, kanye nemikhankaso yokongiwa kwemvelo, esebenza njengophawu lokuvikela izinhlobo ezingaziwa kangako ezibalulekile ekulinganiseni kwezindawo ezijulile zasolwandle.
Ukunaka kwabezindaba kukhuthaze nezikhungo nochwepheshe ukuthi bafune ezinye izindlela zokudoba ngamatshe angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokukhulisa ulwazi ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kolwandle olujulile, okungenye yezindawo zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu nezisengozini emhlabeni. Kusekuningi okusazotholakala mayelana ne-blobfish, njengoba ukungakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni yayo kunciphisa ucwaningo oluqondile. Noma kunjalo, okutholakele ngakunye kwembula ubunzima obukhulu kanye nokuqina kokuphila ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuchitha izinganekwane mayelana nobubi balesi silwane futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwaso ochungechungeni lokudla lolwandle. Ukuvikela i-blobfish kusiza ukulondoloza ukuhlukahluka okuthakazelisayo kanye nokulinganisela okubuthakathaka okubusa ezindaweni ze-mesopelagic kanye ne-abysal, lapho impilo iqhubeka nokuthola izindlela ezimangalisayo zokusinda nokuthuthuka.
