El lahla inhlanzi (Ama-Psychrolute marcidus) ingesinye sezidalwa ezingavamile nezithakazelisa kakhulu zasolwandle olujulile. Ukubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo okumangazayo kuthathe ilukuluku lososayensi nomphakathi jikelele, okuholele ekutheni yaziwa ngokuthi isilwane esibi kunazo zonke emhlabeniKodwa-ke, ngemuva kokubukeka kwayo okungavamile kukhona izici zebhayoloji eziphawulekayo kanye nomlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wokusinda kwenye yezindawo zokuhlala ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni, okwenza kube yigugu langempela lolwandle olujulile.
Iyini i-blobfish?
Wabuye wafona i-blobfish noma i-blobfish ngesiNgisi (Ama-Psychrolute marcidus), ingeyomndeni wakwaPsychrolutidae, owaziwa nge-fathead fish. Amanye amagama anjenge janaira aphinde ahlonze lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezifundeni ezahlukene. Endle, le nhlanzi inikeza a okuningi okujwayelekile ngaphansi kwamanzi ifomu, kodwa lapho ilethwa phezulu, umzimba wayo ugogeka ngendlela emangalisayo ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wengcindezi phakathi kwezinga lolwandle nolwandle. Yilokhu kulahlekelwa kwesimo esiphuma emanzini okwenze isithombe saso saduma futhi saba negciwane.
Ukubukeka kwayo kwe-gelatinous, enekhanda elikhulu, ikhala eligqamile kanye nenkulumo "edabukisayo", kuyingxenye yokujwayela okubalulekile endaweni yayo enobutha. Inyama yayo ilula kunamanzi, inamathambo alula, imisipha embalwa kanye nemisipha ukungabi khona kwesinye sokubhukuda, izici ezibalulekile ze high pressure buoyancy. Zihluka ngosayizi ukusuka ku-30 kuya ku-38 cm ubude, futhi azinawo amathambo aqinile noma amazinyo, zithembele endleleni yokuphila engenzi lutho kodwa ephumelelayo ukuze ziphile ekujuleni.
Indawo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-blobfish
Indawo yemvelo ye-blobfish ingenye yezindawo ezingenabungane kakhulu emhlabeni. Itholakala ikakhulukazi ku ekujuleni kolwandle ngasogwini lwase-Australia naseTasmania, naseduze neNew Zealand. Kuyi-a izinhlobo ze-benthic, okungukuthi, ihlala ngaphansi kolwandle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo 600 kanye 1.200 amamitha ukujula, nakuba eminye imibiko ibonisa okutholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-400 kuya kwangu-1.700. Kulezi zindawo, umfutho uphakeme kakhulu, izikhathi ezingaba ngu-100 lapho usezingeni lolwandle, futhi izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile. 2 ukuya ku-9 °C.
Lesi sifunda, ngenxa yokufinyelela kwaso okunzima, sikukhawulele kakhulu ukuqoqwa kolwazi nokubhekwa mayelana nezinhlobo zezilwane, okwengeza i-aura yemfihlakalo nokuthakazelisa kwesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yayo yokusabalalisa iyacatshangelwa i-endmic, ilinganiselwe emanzini aseningizimu eduze kwaseTasmania, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezithile zaseNew Zealand. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ezindaweni ezifana neBroken Bay, kude ne-New South Wales, luqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokuba khona kwalolu hlobo kulezi zindawo ezingaphansi kolwandle.
Ingxenye yomndeni we-Psychrolutidae, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 nezinhlobo eziyisi-8, i-blobfish ihlanganyela ngokufana nezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle, nakuba lolu hlobo I-Psychrolutes micropores Ihlala nasezifundeni eziseduze.
Izici eziyinhloko kanye nezimo
Ukukhethekile kwe-blobfish kudlulela ngalé kodumo lwayo. I-physiology yayo ivumelane ngokugcwele nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zolwandle olujulile. Ezinye zezici zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
- Umzimba we-gelatinous nokuqina: Inyama yayo iyisisindo esifana ne-jellyfish, incane kakhulu kunamanzi azungezile, okukuvumela ukuba ukuntanta ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla ukubhukuda, isici esibalulekile lapho umoya-mpilo uyindlala futhi amandla kufanele agcinwe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Isakhiwo samathambo esincane: Inohlaka lwamathambo olwakhiwe amathambo alula nathambile, futhi abanawo umgogodla oqinile noma imisipha emikhulu, enciphisa ikhono labo lokuhamba ngokushesha kodwa okubenza babe ochwepheshe ekusebenziseni amandla amancane.
- Ukungabi khona kwesinye sokubhukuda: Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi de pecesLesi sitho asikho ku-blobfish, njengoba singawa ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi sibeke engozini ukuphila kwalolu hlobo. Kunalokho, izitho namaseli agcwele amanzi ukusiza ukugcina ubuoyancy hlangothi.
- Ikhanda elikhulu kanye nokubukeka "kwe-humanoid".: Ukungalingani phakathi kwekhanda nomzimba kuyabonakala, ikhanda elikhulu, amehlo abekwe ekhoneni lekhala kanye nekhala elikhulu elilengayo neliyindilinga.
- Ngaphandle kwamazinyo noma imisipha enamandla, okunquma indlela abadla ngayo nokuziphatha kwabo.
- Umbala okhilimu kanye nokuthungwa kwe-gelatinous okuchazwa njengokungajabulisi ukuthintwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kubukeka okungavamile kuyanda lapho izinhlanzi zikhishwa emanzini, njengoba ukucindezela okungaphezulu akwanele ukugcina ukwakheka komzimba wayo. Ngakho-ke, "ubuso" obudumile be-blobfish bubonakala ngaphandle kwe-ecosystem yayo, kodwa emanzini ajulile, ukubonakala kwayo kufana kakhulu nokwezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle.
Ukuziphatha nokujwayela ukuphila kwalasha
I-blobfish ihlanganisa ukukhathala nokonga amandla njengesu lokusinda. Uhlala ezindaweni lapho i- ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli, ukucindezela kuyaqina futhi izinga lokushisa alikhuphuki ngaphezu kwezingaqhwa. Ngakho-ke, iye yahlakulela isimo esizolile futhi ezolile, ihamba kancane ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla ekuphishekeleni okusebenzayo noma ukuzingela. Esikhundleni sokubhukuda ngamandla, ngokuvamile ntanta ngokuthula olwandle futhi ulinde ukudla ukuze kufinyeleleke kuyo, indlela yokuphila ephumelela ngokwedlulele ezindaweni eziwudwadwa emiseleni yolwandle.
Lezi zinhlanzi kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona endaweni yazo yemvelo, futhi okuncane okwaziwayo kuye kwathathwa emifanekisweni ebanjwe ngephutha futhi ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-psychrolutid. ukwakheka komzimba wakho Lokhu kuyenza ingakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwengcindezi yendawo ehlala kuyo, yingakho ingavamile ukufundwa elabhorethri ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okukhulu ngenxa yokuwohloka.
Ukondla i-blobfish
Ukudla kwayo kukhombisa ukungabi nandaba kwayo nendlela yokuphila. I-blobfish yi- umphakeli ongosomathuba, edla noma iyiphi into edliwayo entanta eduze komlomo wayo. Ukudla kwayo kuhlanganisa:
- Ama-crustaceans amancane amanzi ajulileyo.
- AmaMollusks eziphumulayo noma ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle.
- Ama-urchins olwandle nabanye izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezakha i-biomass eyindlala kodwa ebalulekile.
- Noma yikuphi izinto eziphilayo ezimisiwe ezingamuncwa futhi zigaywe.
Ayinawo amazinyo noma izakhiwo zokuqunjelwa, okungeyona inkinga ngenxa yesimiso esinamandla sokugaya esikwazi ukumunca futhi siphule izinhlobonhlobo zezakhamzimba. Lokhu uhlobo lokudla lokungenzi lutho Ibalulekile ezindaweni ezinokuncintisana okuncane kakhulu kanye nokushoda kokudla, okuyivumela ukuba iphile nezinsiza ezincane kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba okuncane. Inyakazisa amaphiko ayo kancane bese ihogela yonke into edlula lapho ifinyelela khona emlonyeni wayo. Ngakho-ke, kuncike kakhulu ku-deep-sea ecosystem kanye nobuqotho bendawo engaphansi kolwandle, okuwukuphela kwayo "indawo yokudla."
Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
Umjikelezo wokuzala we-blobfish kuseyindida ngenxa yobunzima bokuyifunda ngokujulile. Into eyaziwayo ukuthi i-a izinhlobo ze-oviparous lokho kubeka yayo amaqanda olwandlePhakathi kwezindlela zokuziphatha ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezibonwayo yilezi:
- La insikazi izalela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamaqanda, ebomvana ngombala, ezindaweni ezisobala phansi olwandle.
- Bobabili abazali Zimboza amaqanda ngomzimba wazo ukuze bazivikele, ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle olujulile futhi okukhumbuza izinyoni ezithile zasolwandle.
- I-Los Abazali bagada futhi babheke amaqanda kuze kube ukuchanyuselwa, okusiza ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezizingelayo, njengoba ekujuleni kwalasha awekho amathuba amaningi okucasha noma ukumboza kwemvelo kwesidleke.
Lapho izingane zizalwa, abantu abadala bahlala nazo izinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe, zinikeza isivikelo esikhethekile ezindaweni ezisobala ezingenakho indawo yokuhlala. i-biology yokuzala ye-blobfish isaphenywa.
Izinsongo kanye nokongiwa kwe-blobfish
Naphezu kokutholakala ekujuleni okukhulu nasezindaweni cishe ezingafinyeleleki, i-blobfish ayikhululekile ekusongweni, ikakhulukazi etholakala umsebenzi womuntu:
- Ukudonsa ngokudoba olwandle: Nakuba engadotshwa ngenjongo yokudayisa, amanetha okudoba aqondise izinhlobo ezifana namalobster noma i-abyssal cod agcina ebambe ngephutha izibonelo eziningi ze-blobfish, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi bycatch.
- Ukufuduka ngaphandle kwendawo yayo yemvelo: Ukumane ulethe i-blobfish phezulu kubangela izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa endleleni yokuphila kwayo, njengoba ukwakheka komzimba wayo nezitho zangaphakathi azikwazi ukumelana nokwehla komfutho okungazelelwe, okuholela ekufeni kwayo ngesikhathi esifushane.
Isimo sakho se ubungozi iye yaqashelwa izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo zamazwe ngamazwe. Nakuba ukuntuleka kwedatha ethile kwenza kube nzima ukulinganisa ukwehla kwayo, usongo lufihlile ngenxa yokwanda kokudoba ngezimboni ezindaweni abasabalalisa kuzo. Eminye imikhumbi yezokudoba yase-Australia naseNew Zealand iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngamandla kulezi zindawo zolwandle, okwandisa ingozi ku-blobfish engavamile kanye nokuzinza kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile.
Ngokwesiko elidumile, isithombe esiyisakhiwo sodumo se-blobfish sedlule indawo yesayensi ukuze sibe indawo emidlalweni yevidiyo, ama-memes, izinhlelo zethelevishini, kanye nemikhankaso yokongiwa kwemvelo, esebenza njengophawu lokuvikela izinhlobo ezingaziwa kangako ezibalulekile ekulinganiseni kwezindawo ezijulile zasolwandle.
Intshisekelo yabezindaba nayo ikhuthaze izikhungo nongoti ukuthi bheka ezinye izindlela zokudoba ngamanethi futhi siqwashise ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezijulile olwandle, okungenye yezinhlobo eziyigugu nezisengozini enkulu emhlabeni. Kuningi okusazotholwa nge-blobfish, njengoba ukungafinyeleleki kwendawo ezungezile kunciphisa ucwaningo oluqondile. Nokho, ukutholwa ngakunye kwembula ubunkimbinkimbi obumangalisayo nokuqina kwempilo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuphikisa izinganekwane mayelana nobubi balesi silwane futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwaso ochungechungeni lokudla lwasolwandle. Ukunakekela i-blobfish kunomthelela ekulondolozeni ukuhlukahluka okuthakazelisayo kanye nezilinganiso ezintekenteke ezibusa phezu kolwandle olujulile lwe-mesopelagic, lapho impilo iqhubeka nokuthola izindlela ezimangalisayo zokuphila nokushintshashintsha.
