Izitshalo ze-aquarium ezinhle kakhulu zamanzi ahlanzekile: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukhetha nokuzinakekela

Uma une-aquarium, kufanele unqume ukuthi yini izitshalo ozozifaka Kokubili ngenxa yobuhle be-aquarium uqobo kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuhlinzekayo empilweni yezinhlanzi zakho. Ngezinye izikhathi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo (zombili zangempela nezokwenziwa) kangangokuthi kunzima ukukhetha ezifanele i-aquarium yakho.

Kuyo yonke le ncwadi ephelele uzofunda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani, uhlanganise futhi unakekele kanjani izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ze-aquarium zamanzi ahlanzekile uhlobo ngalunye lokusetha: ama-aquarium omphakathi, ama-aquarium aqondene ne-cichlid, ama-nano aquariumsama-aquarium amanzi abandayo, izindawo ezitshalwe ndawonye, ​​​​kanye nokuhlanza amachibi okuthuthukisiwe.

Lapha sizokufundisa ezinye zezitshalo ezivelele kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-aquariums kanye nezinye eziqondene kakhulu nezinhlobo ezithile. Sizophinde sihlanganise nezincomo zokufaka umanyolo, ukukhanyisa, i-CO2, kanye nezindawo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokutshala ezitshalwe kakhulu, ezichazwe kalula ukuze noma ubani azisebenzise. Ufuna ukufunda kabanzi ngezitshalo zase-aquarium?

Izitshalo ezihamba phambili ze-aquarium

Uma siqala ukuhlobisa i-aquarium yethu, sihlala sicabanga ngokudala kabusha ithangi lezinhlanzi eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nento yangempela. imvelo yemvelo lapho kuhlala khona inhlanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukuba nezinhlanzi ezinhle izitshalo ze-aquariumKunezitshalo ze-aquarium zepulasitiki nezitshalo eziphilayo. Uma uzoba nezitshalo eziphilayo, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungazinakekela kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso zamanzi ezizidingayo, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezifanele. de peces uzoba nakho ukuze zikwazi ukuzwana ku-ecosystem efanayo.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge- izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ze-aquarium zamanzi ahlanzekile Futhi sizokunikeza izinketho ezithile ukuze uthenge leyo ekufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezingeni lakho lolwazi, ubukhulu bethangi lezinhlanzi, uhlobo lwamanzi (abandayo noma afudumele) kanye nohlobo lwendawo yasemanzini ofuna ukuyidala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzobona ukuthi eziningi zalezi zitshalo azigcini nje ngokuhlobisa: oxygenate amanziZidla ama-nitrate, zihlinzeka ngendawo yokukhosela nezindawo zokuzalela, zisiza ekulawuleni ulwelwe, futhi zenze izinhlanzi zakho zizizwe ziphephile kakhulu futhi zingacindezeleki kakhulu.

Okulandelayo, sizokukhombisa ezinye ze amamodeli afunwa kakhulu futhi lokho kungafanelana kangcono nezinhlobo eziningi zezindawo zokudoba abantu abavame ukuzisebenzisa.

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Sizoqala ngezincwadi zakudala izitshalo ze-aquarium zepulasitikiLo modeli uza nesethi yezitshalo zase-aquarium ezifanelekela izindawo zase-aquarium ezingamagaloni angu-5 kuya kwangu-15. Zinemibala egqamile nenemininingwane yokwengeza impilo ethangini. Zenzelwe ukulingisa izitshalo zangempela, zidale indawo yezinhlanzi eseduze ngangokunokwenzeka nendawo yazo yemvelo lapho izitshalo eziphilayo zingatholakali noma zingafunwa.

Le modeli ifaka phakathi umhlobiso we-aquarium kanye nezingcezu ezingu-8 ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo zepulasitiki eziluhlaza Kwe-aquarium. Izitshalo ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukene obusukela ku-5 kuya ku-18 cm, okukuvumela ukuthi udale ukuphakama okuhlukile futhi unikeze umuzwa wokujula ku-aquascape.

Le nto ayinabo ubuthi nhlobo, ngakho-ke uma inhlanzi iyiluma ngengozi, akukho lutho oluzokwenzeka. Yenziwe ngepulasitiki, i-resin, kanye nesisekelo se-ceramic. Ifanelekela kokubili ama-aquarium ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti njengoba ingathinteki yi-pH yethangi. Kuyindlela enhle uma ufuna. ukunakekelwa okuphansi kodwa hhayi ukuyeka umhlobiso okhangayo.

Zonke izitshalo ziza nesisekelo esincane sokuzibeka kuso, ngakho-ke ngeke zintante e-aquarium. Umhlobiso ungokoqobo impela futhi unganikeza inhlanzi indawo encane yokukhosela. Ungathenga lo modeli ngokuchofoza lapha.

I-JDYW

Lena enye imodeli enezici eziqinile futhi akunangozi nhlobo Kunhlanzi. Yisitshalo sepulasitiki esinesisekelo se-ceramic futhi asinaphunga elibi. Akulimazi izinhlanzi noma indawo yasemanziniFuthi ayigqwali noma ibole, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kuncishiswa kube ukuhlanza njalo.

Kuyisitshalo esingokoqobo kakhulu futhi silingisa ukunyakaza kwezitshalo emanzini kahle kakhulu ngenxa ukuguquguquka yenziwe ngepulasitiki. Lokhu kwenza i-aquarium ibukeke ingokwemvelo kakhulu ngisho noma ingenazo izitshalo eziphilayo.

Ungumnikazi a ukuphakama okuhle Lo mlimi we-aquarium unesisekelo esiqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele kwesitshalo futhi unikeza izinhlanzi indawo yokudlala nokucasha. Umklamo wawo wenza kube lula kakhulu ukuwuhlanza uma ungcolile. Mane uwucwilise emanzini afudumele ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukungcola.

Inobukhulu obungu-52 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-270 gram. Ipulasitiki yenzelwe ukuthi isitshalo sihlale sizinzile endaweni osibeke kuyo futhi singanyakazi ngokuhamba kwamanzi noma ukubhukuda. de peces sikhulu. Ungasithenga lesi sitshalo ngokuchofoza.

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Lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezifanele kakhulu ukuzifaka ingemuva le-aquariumKuyasiza ekwakheni isizinda sendawo, ukufihla izihlungi, ama-heater noma amapayipi futhi kudale umuzwa wezitshalo ezijiyile ngaphandle kwesidingo sezitshalo zemvelo.

Inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wemvelo futhi yenziwe ngepulasitiki. Ubukhulu buyi-20x8x16cm kanye nesisindo esingu-200gIngasetshenziswa kokubili ezindaweni zokudoba zasemanzini ahlanzekile kanye nasemanzini anosawoti futhi ayinabo ubuthi. Kulula kakhulu ukuyihlanza futhi iwumhlobiso ofanele kakhulu wethangi lakho lezinhlanzi uma ufuna umphumela wesitshalo eside ngaphandle kokuhlupheka.

Inomklamo one- ibhodi lesisekelo le-ceramic okuyigcina izinzile. Ihlala isikhathi eside futhi inobungani nemvelo ngaphakathi ethangini, njengoba ingakhiphi noma yiziphi izinto emanzini. Thola imodeli efana nale ngokuchofoza lapha.

I-Marina Naturals

Lo modeli ungokoqobo impela futhi uqinile kahle. Ingenye yamamodeli amahle kakhulu esingawathenga uma sifuna ukuwathinta ngokwemvelo. ku-aquarium yethu ngaphandle kwesidingo sezitshalo zangempela noma ukukhathazeka ngemingcele, ukukhulelwa noma ukuthena.

Impela ithambile ukuthinta futhi iphephile ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo zokugcina amanzi. Amaqabunga ayo aluhlaza nabomvu akuvumela ukuthi udlale ngombala ohlukile futhi uwuhlanganise nezinye izitshalo zokwenziwa noma utshani lwezindawo zokugcina amanzi.

Inamaqabunga aluhlaza nabomvu. Ingafanelana kahle nezinye izitshalo ezinemibala egqamile, idale umbukiso onemibala ohambisana nenhlanzi. Yithole ngokuchofoza lapha.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-aquarium

Uma sifuna ukuthola izitshalo ze-aquarium yethu, sibhekene nenselele yokukhetha phakathi kwamagama amaningi angajwayelekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukwazi ukuthi isitshalo sizofanela izinhlanzi zethu. Izitshalo (uma zingokoqobo) nazo zidinga izimo ezithile, njengokuthi amanzi ahlanzekileokuthile ukukhanyisausayizi ofanele we-aquarium, i-substrate efanele futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, a Okokufaka kwe-CO2 kanye nomanyolo.

Enye yezinkinga esibhekana nazo lapho sikhetha izitshalo ze-aquarium yethu ukuthi cishe zonke ziza ne- igama lesayensiLokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuzazi ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akufanele kusethuse, njengoba sizoqala ukubazi kancane kancane futhi sijwayelane kakhulu nokwakheka kwazo, imibala, kanye nezindawo ezivamile ethangini.

Ngaphezu kokuzihlukanisa ngamagama, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuzihlukanisa ngokwemigomo yazo. uhlobo lokukhula futhi isebenza ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium:

• Izitshalo ze isiqu (njengeLimnophila, iHygrophila, iRotala): zikhula zisuka esiqwini esikhulu.
• Izitshalo ze i-rosette noma i-rhizome (Echinodorus, Cryptocoryne, Anubias, Bucephalandra): ziqala kusukela endaweni ephakathi noma i-rhizome ejiyile.
• Izimila i-upholsteryZimboza phansi njengokhaphethi.
• Izitshalo ezintantayoZihlala phezu komhlaba ngaphandle kokumila izimpande ku-substrate.
• Ama-mosses nama-fernsZinamathela emadwaleni, ezingodweni noma ezintweni zokuhlobisa ngaphandle kwesidingo sesisekelo sezakhamzimba.

Sizoqala ngokuchaza izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo ngokusekelwe ku- ubunzima bokulungisa kanye nobuhle bayo, okungenye yezinsika zokutshala e-aquarium yasekhaya.

Izimila zenqubo yokuhamba ngebhayisikili

Into yokuqala okudingeka siyenze lapho siqala i-aquarium yethu entsha kusukela ekuqaleni ukusungula i-aquarium entsha. ikoloni yamagciwane owenza imisebenzi yokuhlanza. Lo msebenzi usekelwe ku- guqula imfucuza ibe yizinto eziyingozi Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi.

Inqubo yokugibela ibhayisikili ithatha cishe noma kancane ngenyanga eyodwaNgakho-ke, phakathi nalesi sikhathi asikwazi ukufaka noma iyiphi inhlanzi ku-aquarium yethu, njengoba amanzi azoba yingozi kubo ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-ammonia kanye ne-nitrites. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zingabangane abakhulu.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokujikeleza, singaletha izitshalo ezisiza ekuthuthukiseni nasekusheshiseni inqubo. Izitshalo zisebenzisa i-ammonium, ama-nitrites, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-nitrate okungaba yingozi ezinhlanzini ngezinga elithile. Ziphinde zisize ekuqiniseni i-pH futhi zihlinzeke ngendawo yokukhosela izilwane ezincane eziwusizo.

Izitshalo ezifanele kakhulu kule nqubo yilezo ze- ukukhula ngokusheshaezifaka umoya-mpilo emanzini futhi zingabasebenzisi abaningi be-nitrate. Azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhulu; ziyizitshalo ze- ukugcinwa okulula futhi kunconywa kakhulu kokubili kwabaqalayo kanye nama-aquarium agcwele kakhulu de peces.

Isibonelo, siyathola izinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu enkambisweni yokujikeleza:

• Iyokuqala i-foxtail (i-Ceratophyllum demersum)Kuyisitshalo esilula kakhulu ukusinakekela, ikhula ngokushesha okukhuluAyidingi ukukhanya okuncane futhi ayidingi umjovo we-CO2. Ingasetshenziswa njengesitshalo esintantayo noma itshalwe kancane endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, lapho empeleni ibanjwe khona ngesisindo sayo njengoba ingakhiqizi izimpande zangempela.

• Owesibili yi-ambulia (I-Limnophila sessilifloraIdinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuneyangaphambilini, kodwa futhi kulula ukuyinakekela, ikhula ngokushesha futhi iheha kakhulu ngenxa yamaqabunga ayo amahle, anamabala anezela umthamo ngemuva kwe-aquarium.

Ngaphezu kwalezi ezimbili, izitolo eziningi ezigxile kuma-aquarium atshaliwe zincoma ezinye izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha ukuze ziqhutshwe ngebhayisikili, njenge I-Hygrophila polysperma o I-Elodea/Egeria densaezisebenza ngendlela efanayo: zikhula ngokushesha, zidla izakhamzimba eziningi, futhi zincintisana nolwelwe kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.

Izitshalo ezidinga ukukhanya okuncane

Uma umusha ezweni lezindawo zokugcina izithombo, kungcono ukuqala ngokuba nezitshalo ezidinga ukukhanya okuphansiLezi zitshalo ngokuvamile azidingi ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okuningi. Uma usaqala nje, ukufunda ukunakekela izinhlanzi kakade kwanele ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezitshalo ezithambile kakhulu.

Lezi zitshalo zikhula kahle ngokuzifaka emanzini. Bazodla imfucuza yezinhlanzi (ngokuvamile ama-nitrate), okuvela kokunye kokudla esibanika kona (ama-phosphate), futhi ezimweni eziningi, ngeke badinge ukukhanya ukuze bakhule. Umanyolo omncane ojwayelekile uzobasiza bakhule baqine; lokhu kufanele kusetshenziswe njalo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqapha okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, izitshalo ezikhanyayo kancane zilungele ama-aquariums omphakathi, kuma-aquarium anezinhlanzi ezidla izitshalo ezithambile (njengezinye izinhlobo ze-cichlid) kanye nalabo abangafuni ukutshala imali ezikrinini ezinamandla kakhulu.

Umanyolo esizowusebenzisa yilowo ohlinzeka i-potassium kanye nezakhi ezincaneukukala kanye noma kabili ngesonto:

• Umanyolo oyisisekelo we-Aquili: Umanyolo olula futhi ongabizi ohlinzeka ngezakhamzimba ezibalulekile ezivame ukuntuleka ezindaweni zokugcina izitshalo noma ukushintshashintsha kwamanzi okungavamile.
• Umanyolo weSeachem Florish: Umanyolo othuthuke kakhulu waseSeachem, onohlu oluphelele lwezakhamzimba ezincane kanye nezakhi zokulandelela zezindawo zokufuya ezitshalwe kakhulu.

Phakathi kwalezi zitshalo ezidinga ukukhanya okuncane, sithola ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zasemanzini:

• I-Java fern (I-Microsorum pteropusYethula ezindaweni eziningi zasemanzini ngo ukumelana kwayo kanye nokulula kwayo ukugcinwa. Ukukhula kwayo kuphakathi nendawo futhi ayidingi umjovo we-CO2. Inamathela kalula emadwaleni nasezingodweni, ngakho ayidingi ngisho nesisekelo esicebile ngezakhamzimba.

• U-Anubia BarteriLolu uhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-Anubias. Aludingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi lunamaqabunga amakhulu, ayindilinga. Lubekezelela amanzi aqinile nokukhanya okuncane, futhi lufanelekela izindawo zokugcina izinhlanzi ezinamanzi angenazinzi ngoba amaqabunga alo ayakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima.

• I-Hygrophila polyspermaIsitshalo esimelana namakhasi amancane nesiqu esingakhula sibe side kakhulu. Ngokukhanya okuhle, amaqabunga awo aphezulu abomvu ngombala. Kusebenza njengophawu lokuntuleka kwe-potassiumngoba iba phuzi futhi ivuleka kalula imigodi uma lesi sakhi singekho.

• IVallisneria americana giganteaLesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga afana neribhoni; lolu hlobo lunamaqabunga abanzi. Sisakazeka kalula nge-substrate ngokuthumela izimbambo ezintsha, okwenza kube kuhle ukudala amakhethini phansi kwe-aquariumIyamukela ukukhanya okuphakathi nendawo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Leli qembu lezitshalo ezikhanya kancane livame ukufaka izinhlobo ezifana ne- uboya basemanzini (isibonelo, i-Java moss, i-Taxiphyllum barbieri), Bucephalandra noma izinhlobo ezincane ze-Anubias (njenge-Anubias barteri nana), ezifunwa kakhulu ezindaweni zamanzi zesimanje ezitshaliwe ngenxa yobuhle bazo obuncane, imibala ethakazelisayo kanye nokulula kokunakekelwa.

Izitshalo ze-Aquarium ngokwesikhundla abazoba naso

Ekuqaleni, uma sisanda kufika ezweni lama-aquarium, noma yisiphi isitshalo sanele, futhi siyajabula ukubona izinhlanzi zethu ziphilile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba singena shí ezweni lama-aquarium, izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo Sifuna ukuyibeka, futhi sinesithakazelo esikhulu ekwakhiweni kwethangi iyonke.

Ukuze sigweme ukubeka izitshalo ngaphandle koku-oda noma ukubekwa phambili, sizokwenza uhlu lwezitshalo. kuye ngobukhulu bazo kanye nesikhundla ezikuso ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ekuhlolweni kwezinhlanzi, i-aquarium ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezindawo zangaphambili, eziphakathi, kanye nezangemuva, futhi indawo ngayinye inezitshalo ezifanele kakhulu.

Phambili izitshalo isikhundla

Ingaphambili le-aquarium kufanele libe yilona elikhangayo kakhulu, ngoba yingxenye ezobonakala kakhulu emphakathini noma ingxenye nje ethola ukunakwa okukhulu nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, Izitshalo esizikhethela ngaphambili kufanele zikhange kakhulu. futhi sizozikhetha ngokuningiliziwe. Ezinye izitshalo "ziyawavikela" lawa, ngakho-ke zivame ukuba sobala kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukwakheka kwendawo yasemanzini.

Izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zangaphambili kwe-aquarium yi- i-upholstery engabonakali kahleLezi zitshalo zimboza i-substrate ngokulinganayo ukuze zakhe amadlelo amahle. Inkinga iwukuthi, ngokuvamile, lezi zitshalo zidinga kakhulu. Zidinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe, umanyolo ovame kakhulu, umjovo we-CO2, i-substrate ecebile ngezakhamzimba, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi okuhle.

Konke okuhle kuza ngentengo ephezulu, kodwa kukhona futhi izinketho ezingabizi kakhulu Lezi zitshalo zikuvumela ukuthi ufeze umphumela wekhaphethi ngaphandle kokusetha i-aquarium yobuchwepheshe obukhulu. Kukhona nezitshalo zokufaka amakhaphethi ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okuningi, ngakho ngeke kudingeke utshale imali enkulu.

Nazi ezinye ze- izitshalo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zokumboza umhlabathi:

• I-Sagittaria subulataLesi sitshalo asidingi i-CO2 eyengeziwe noma ukukhanya okuningi. Yisitshalo esilula kakhulu sokupholisha okufanele sisigcineIfinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi, isakazeka kalula ngama-stolons, futhi, uma ishiywa ikhule, ingakha idlelo elibukeka njengendle.

• Ama-elatinoids e-GlossostigmaLesi sitshalo sidinga i-CO2 eyengeziwe ukuze sigcinwe sisesimweni esihle. Sidinga nokukhanya okuphezulu kanye nesisekelo esihle, esicebile ngezakhamzimba. Sinamaqabunga ayindilinga kanye Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengephepha lodonga ngenxa yobuhle bayo nobukhulu bayo obuncane, okudala umphumela omuhle kakhulu wotshani.

• UMarsilea hirsutaKulesi sitshalo, kunconywa ukwengeza i-CO2 eyengeziwe kanye nokukhanya okuphakathi. Sisakazeka kulo lonke i-substrate, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezinokukhanya okuncane. Sikhiqiza amaqabunga amabili kuya kwamane kuye ngokuthi sithola ukukhanya okungakanani. Sibekezelela kakhulu kunezinye izitshalo ezikhaphethi ezincane futhi singamelana namaphutha amancane abaqalayo.

Ezindaweni zamanzi abandayo noma ngokukhanya okulinganiselwe, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesimbozo somhlabathi esibukeka njengotshani. I-Eleocharis acicularis, esizokhuluma ngakho kamuva, nakuba ubude babo buvame ukuba bude kancane.

Izitshalo zokuphakama okulingene

Izitshalo ezikhula ziye ekuphakameni okulingene zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Endabeni yokungabi nezitshalo zokupholisa, Singawasebenzisa ukudala izindawo ezinezihlahla ngaphandle kokuvimba ingemuva le-aquarium. Ziphinde zisebenze njengokudlulisela emuva kwe-aquarium, okwenza ushintsho phakathi kwangaphambili nangemuva lungabi ngokushesha.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo ezinobude obuphakathi kuye ngezidingo zazo zokukhanya, i-CO2, kanye nomanyolo. Ngokuvamile zibekwa phambi kwezitshalo ezinde nangemuva kwezitshalo ezimbozwe umhlabathi ukuze kudalwe umphumela ohlukaniswe ngezingqimba.

Sibeka ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Staurogyne rubescensLesi sitshalo asidingi ukukhanya okuningi, kodwa kunconywa ukufaka i-CO2 ukuze kuqiniswe kangcono. Siyisihlahla esiphakathi nokuphakama, esingakhuli ngaphezu kwama-5-6 cm ubude ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Amaqabunga aso amade, aluhlaza adala amahlumela aminyene athandwa kakhulu ekutshaleni amachibi.

• I-Echinodorus 'Vesuvius'Lesi sitshalo asidingi i-CO2 eyengeziwe futhi sinamaqabunga agobile kakhulu, amancane anezela ukunyakaza okuningi okubonakalayo. Silungele indawo ephakathi nendawo ye-aquarium noma njengendawo yokugxila phambi kwezitshalo eziqinile.

• I-Pogostemon helferiLesi sitshalo saziwa kakhulu nge-aquascaping ngesimo saso esiyingqayizivele. Amaqabunga aso aqinile, aqinile asinika ukubukeka okufana nenkanyezi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Singasetshenziswa njengesitshalo esiphakathi nendawo noma ngisho nesitshalo sokufaka ikhaphethi. I-CO2 eyengeziwe iyanconywa, futhi idinga ukukhanya okuphakathi kuya kokuphezulu ukuze igcine isimo sayo siqinile.

Ama-anti-algae nezitshalo ze-aquarium ezinama-cichlids

I-foxtail okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili isebenza kahle kakhulu njengesitshalo sokulawula ulwelwe ngoba ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi idla inani elikhulu lama-nitrate. Yisitshalo okuzodingeka... yithene izikhathi eziningi ngenxa yokuthi ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, okuyenza ingabi miningi kakhulu futhi ivimbele ukujikeleza kwamanzi.

Ezinye izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha, njenge I-Elodea/Egeria densa, I-Hygrophila polysperma noma ngisho I-Limnophila sessilifloraZibhekwa njengezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa nolwelwe ngoba ziguqula izakhamzimba ezincibilikisiwe zibe yizinto eziwusizo e-aquarium.

Mayelana nabantu abathanda ukunakekela abanye ama-cichlids ase-Afrika Abanikazi bezinhlanzi baseMelika kufanele bazi ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlanzi zidla izitshalo zasemanzini noma zizisiphule ngenkathi zimba endaweni engaphansi komhlaba. Ezinye zithanda ukumba enhlabathini engcolile, okuyehlisa izitshalo, noma ukubhukuda kwazo kungalimaza futhi kuzikhiphe. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezifanele lolu hlobo lwe-aquarium ziyadingeka. de peces.

Phakathi kwabo sithola:

• I-Java fern (okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla): inamathela ezingodweni nasemadwaleni, ngakho ayisuswa lapho ama-cichlid emba.
• U-Anubia Barteri (okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla): ama-rhizome ayo amakhulu anamathela emihlobisoni eqinile futhi amaqabunga ayo aqinile amelana kangcono nokuququdwa.
• Inkemba ye-Amazon (I-Echinodorus amazonicus): Isitshalo esaziwayo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwaso okulula, sinamaqabunga amade, amise okwenkemba. Akudingi i-CO2 yangaphandle.Inamathela kahle ku-substrate futhi ayidingi ukukhanya okuningi. Ema-aquarium anama-cichlid, kuyalulekwa ukuvikela izimpande zayo ngamatshe noma ukuyitshala ezindaweni lapho izinhlanzi zingambi khona kakhulu.

Kuma-aquarium anamandla kakhulu maqondana ne-substrate, futhi kungumqondo omuhle ukubeka phambili izitshalo ezigxile ku- izingodo noma amatshe (Anubias, Microsorum, Bucephalandra, mosses) kanye nezitshalo ezintantayo, okungenakwenzeka ukuzimba.

Ulwelwe lwamanzi abandayo

Uma sikhuluma ngamanzi abandayo, sisho lawo ma-aquarium angenawo umshini wokushisaKulolu hlobo lwe-aquarium, izinhlanzi zivame ukumelana kakhulu futhi ezimweni eziningi azidli inyama, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka sicabangele ukuthi izitshalo esingazifaka kuzo kumele zimelane kakhulu nokulunywa kanye nokushisa okuphansi.

Izitshalo zasemanzini abandayo kumele zibekezele amazinga okushisa abanziZingamelana namazinga okushisa asukela ekubandeni ebusika kuya ekufudumaleni kancane ehlobo, ikakhulukazi kuma-aquarium angaphakathi ngaphandle kokulawulwa kokushisa. Kufanele futhi zisebenze kahle nezibani ezijwayelekile, njengoba ama-aquarium amaningi abandayo engasebenzisi izinto ezisebenza ngamandla amakhulu.

Nazi ezinye izitshalo ezibekezelela amanzi abandayo:

• Umsila we-Foxtail (I-Ceratophyllum demersum): ilungele amachibi nama-aquarium angenawo umshini wokufudumeza, ibekezelela ukubanda kahle futhi iyasiza ekufakeni umoya-mpilo.
• I-Java fern (I-Microsorum pteropus): iguquguquka kakhulu futhi imelana namazinga okushisa aphansi.
• U-Anubia BarteriIbekezelela kokubili amanzi abandayo kanye namanzi afudumele futhi ikhula kancane.
• I-Bacopa caroliniana: Tshala ngesiqu esinamanzi namaqabunga, simelane kahle futhi kufanele amanzi abandayo. Ngokukhanyisa okuhle, amaqabunga awo aphezulu aphenduka abe orange. Akudingi i-CO2 yangaphandle.

• IVallisneria americana giganteaIlungele izindawo ezinkulu zokudoba noma amachibi, yakha amaribhoni amade ahlinzeka ngendawo yokukhosela.
• Inkemba ye-Amazon (I-Echinodorus amazonicus): ibekezelela amazinga okushisa athile, uma nje izinguquko zingasheshi.
• I-Eleocharis acicularisIsitshalo esifana notshani esikhaphethi esidinga ukukhanya okuphakathi kanye nosayizi ophakathi obekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi. Asidingi i-CO2 yangaphandle futhi silungele ukudala amakhaphethi ezindaweni zokudada ezinamanzi abandayo nezikhanyiswe kahle.

Kunezitshalo eziningi ezifanelekela ama-aquarium ahlanzekile. Sigxile kuphela kwezitshalo ezivame kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kabanzi; noma kunjalo, ziza ngazo zonke izinhlobo nemibala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo oludingwa yinhlanzi ethile.ngoba ezinye zizodinga uhlobo oluthile lwesitshalo ukuze ziphile, zikhule, noma zizizwe zikhululekile.

Izitshalo ze-Upholstery

Izitshalo zikakhaphethi yilezo ezibekwe ngaphambili kwe-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zibe yizo ezikhangayo kakhulu. Yizo ezizobonakala ekuqaleni futhi ezichaza isitayela se-aquascape ezindaweni eziningi ze-aquarium ezitshaliwe.

Izitshalo esizikhethela ngaphambili kufanele zibe ezikhangayo kakhulu. Kudingeka zikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze... lungiselela ukuhlobisa, umuzwa wokujula kanye nokuhambisana nezinye izingxenye zokuphakama okuphakathi kanye nezitezi zangemuva.

Ezinhle kakhulu yilezo zitshalo ezimboza umhlabathi ezingakhuli kahle.Lezi zingamboza i-substrate ngokulinganayo futhi zidale amadlelo amahle. Ngokuvamile, uma ziyizitshalo eziphilayo, ziphakathi kwezidinga kakhulu ukukhanya, i-CO2, kanye nekhwalithi ye-substrate.

Ezinye zezinto ezithandwa kakhulu ze-aquarium zamanzi ahlanzekile yilezi:

• Eleocharis acicularis and Eleocharis sp. mini: umphumela wotshani, kulula ukuwusika nokunakekela.
• Ama-elatinoids e-Glossostigma: sekukhulunywe ngaye, muhle kakhulu futhi ubukeka njengochwepheshe.
• UMarsilea hirsuta: isembozo somhlabathi esinokukhula okuhamba kancane nokubekezelelana.
• I-Hemianthus callitrichoides «Cuba»: incane kakhulu futhi incane, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-aquascaping okuthuthukisiwe (kudinga ukukhanya okuphezulu kanye ne-CO2).

Izitshalo ngaphandle kwe-substrate

Uma sikhuluma ngesitshalo esingenaso isisekelo, sibhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi Akudingeki ukuthi zimunce izakhamzimba ngezimpande ezigqitshiweZingachuma kunoma yiliphi itshe elingaqinile noma ngaphandle kokutshalwa. Ziyizitshalo ezingadingi ukutshalwa endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, kodwa kunalokho Zisekelwe ezintweni ezahlukene zokuhlobisa njengezingodo, amatshe, izinto zobumba, noma imihlobiso yokwenziwa.

Leli qembu lizohlanganisa, isibonelo, I-Anubias, I-Microsorum pteropus (I-Java fern), Bucephalandra futhi nokuningi uboya basemanzini (I-Taxiphyllum, i-Vesicularia, njll.). Lezi zinhlobo zimunca iningi lezakhamzimba zazo ngqo emanzini ngamaqabunga azo kanye nama-rhizome.

Ngale ndlela, ungaba nesici esihle sokuhlobisa esinezitshalo zangempela ngaphandle kokudinga i-substrate edinga ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Kuyindlela ekhethwayo yama-aquarium anezimbiza zezinhlanzi, ama-shrimp tank, noma ama-cichlid tanks lapho i-substrate ivame ukuxutshwa khona.

Izitshalo ezimile

Lezi yizo ezivele zigxile kokubili okhunini nasemadwaleni.Lezi zitshalo zinikeza uhlelo olulula lokwengeza imihlobiso yemvelo ku-aquarium yakho, njengoba udinga nje ukubeka ugodo noma idwala elivele litshaliwe endaweni oyifunayo.

Ngalezi zinhlobo zezitshalo, akudingeki silinde ukuthi zikhule ukuze zibonakale, futhi zizoba umnikelo omkhulu wokuhlobisa Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthola ezitolo izingodo ezitshalwe nge-Anubias, i-Bucephalandras noma i-Java ferns, kanye namatshe ambozwe yi-Java moss.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le fomethi "elungele ukufakwa" inconywa kakhulu kwabaqalayo abangafuni ukuxinwa amasu okubambelela (intambo, izinhlayiya ezikhethekile, njll.) kanye nesifiso Imiphumela ebonakalayo esheshayo.

Izitshalo ezibomvu

Umbala obomvu uhlala uyisinqumo esihle kuma-aquarium ethu ngoba unikeza umehluko okhangayo kakhulu ngombala oluhlaza okwezitshalo eziningi. Ukwethula ezinye izitshalo ezibomvu ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu (ngokuvamile phakathi noma ngemuva kwe-aquarium) kunezela ukujula kanye nendawo yokugxila enamandla kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-aquarium ebomvu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• I-Alternanthera reineckii
• I-Ammania senegalensis
• I-Echinodorus Red Devil
• I-Cryptocoryne albida "Brown"
• I-Echinodorus Red Diamond
• I-Echinodorus Ozelot
• ULudwigia uphendula ngokuthi "Rubin"
• I-Echinodorus Hadi Pearl Ebomvu
• I-Echinodorus Fancy Twist
• I-Echinodorus Red Chameleon

Eziningi zalezi zitshalo ezibomvu zidinga izinga lokukhanya elihle kanye nomanyolofuthi kwezinye izimo ne-CO2, ukuze kuboniswe umbala wazo ogcwele nonamandla. Ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi, zivame ukuba luhlaza okotshani noma zilahlekelwe umbala wazo obomvu oqinile.

Kulula ukunakekela

Abantu abaningi bayasesha izitshalo ezinakekela kalula Uma ufaka izitshalo eziphilayo ku-aquarium yakho, kungcono ukuqala ngezinhlobo eziqinile ezingabekezelela amaphutha abaqalayo, ukushintshashintsha kokushintsha kwamanzi, noma ngisho nokuphela kokukhanya ngezikhathi ezithile.

Lapha unayo ifayela le- uhlu lwezinto ezilula kakhulu kulula ukuyinakekela futhi cishe noma yimuphi umuntu othanda amachibi angayinakekela:

• Ama-Cryptocorynes: izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zezimo nemibala, zikhula kancane kodwa ziqine kakhulu uma seziguquliwe.
• I-Echinodorus"Izinkemba ze-Amazon" zilula futhi zizuzisa kakhulu uma zine-substrate enomsoco.
• I-Anubias: mhlawumbe izitshalo ezinconywa kakhulu kwabaqalayo.
• i-ambulensi (I-Limnophila sessiliflora): ukukhula okusheshayo kanye nokubonakala okufana nezimpaphe.
• Ama-vallisnerias: kulula, kuyahlobisa futhi kuyaphindaphindwa ngabagijimi ngaphandle kokuma.
• I-Hygrophila polyspermaIbekezelela cishe yonke into futhi ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
• I-Java fern (I-Microsorum): ilungele izindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinokukhanya okuncane noma izinhlanzi ezinyakazisa i-substrate.
• Ubulembu bamanziI-Java moss, i-Christmas moss, njll., cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyibulala ngokukhanya okulingene.

Izitshalo ezinomoya-mpilo

Lezi yizitshalo, ngenxa yendlela yazo yokusebenza kanye nesivinini sokukhula, ezihlinzeka ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo owengeziwe emanzini. Umoya ubalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle yezinhlanzi, futhi yize isihlungi kanye nokushukuma komhlaba sekuvele kusiza, izitshalo ziwumphelelisi ophelele.

Nazi ezinye ze- izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zokungenisa umoya-mpilo kuma-aquarium ahlanzekile:

• I-Ceratophyllum demersum (umsila wempungushe): ukudla izakhamzimba ngokushesha kakhulu nokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo.
• I-Egeria densa (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Elodea): isetshenziswa kakhulu emachibini nasema-aquarium ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle.
• IHottonia palustris
• I-Myriophyllum brasilensis
• IMyriophyllum aquaticum
• I-Orontium aquaticum
• I-Ranunculus aquatilis
• IVallisneria gigantea

Ukugcina isitshalo siphilile futhi ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi iyonke, uma nje sigcina ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwezitshalo, izinhlanzi kanye nokondla.

Okunye Ukucatshangelwa Kwezitshalo ze-Aquarium

Nini sine-aquarium ekhayaNgaphezu kwezici zokuqapha ezifana nokushisa, i-pH, i-acidity, ubulukhuni, kanye nokuhlunga, kubalulekile ukunaka izitshalo eziku-aquarium yakho. Lezi zitshalo kumele zigcinwe ziphilile ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ezilwaneni zakho noma ukwanda kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta ezitshalweni ezibolayo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izitshalo esinazo ku-aquarium yethu Kumelwe zihlale ziphila futhi zisesimweni esiphelele ukuze izinhlanzi zizwe zikhululekile endaweni yazo yokuhlala, zikwazi ukufihla phakathi kwazo, noma zize zidle lapho kufaneleka. Khumbula ukuthi izitshalo zasemanzini kufanele zibe zintsha kakhulu futhi ziphile kahle uma zithengwa. Gwema izinhlobo eziphuzi, lezo ezinamahlamvu ancibilikayo, noma lezo ezinezimpande ezonakele.

Yingakho sikulethele ezinye lapha. izincomo ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wazo echibini lethu noma e-aquarium.

Njengesinyathelo sokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthi, ukuze izitshalo zibe sesimweni esihle kakhulu, zibe inani elihle lokukhanya ne-CO2Uma noma yiziphi zalezi zici zinganele, akunconywa ukufaka umanyolo omningi, njengoba izinto zinganqwabelana kakhulu futhi zondle ulwelwe. Kulezi zimo, ungangeza inani elincane le-potassium, njengoba kuyisakhi esingavamile ukubangela izinkinga zolwelwe ngokwaso.

Endabeni izitshalo ze-aquarium ezintantayoNjengoba amaqabunga azo eqala ukuvela ngaphezu kobuso futhi esondela ekukhanyeni, angavimba ukukhanya ukuthi kungafiki kwezinye izitshalo ku-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukuthi ungawavumeli akhule kakhulu ukuze izitshalo ezincane nazo zizuze ekukhanyeni okuvela esibanini noma elangeni elingaqondile.

Ngokufanayo, sincoma ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwetshe elilinganisa phakathi 3 no-5 mmNgoba i-substrate encane nencane ingaminyanisa izimpande zesitshalo, okubangela ukuba zibole futhi zife ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Ngokufanayo, yize amanzi angathathi hlangothi efanelekile ezindaweni eziningi zasemanzini zomphakathi, khumbula ukuthi izitshalo eziningi zithanda amanzi ane-asidi encane ukuze zikhule kahle. Funda kabanzi ngezinhlobo ze-substrate ku-[link to relevant information].

Iziphi izitshalo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo zasolwandle?

Izitshalo ze-aquarium zidinga ezinye ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko Ukuze uhlale uphilile, udinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile eziyisisekelo futhi uzilandele njalo. Ake sihlaziye ngayinye ngayinye izici ezibalulekile ezigcizelelwa yizitolo eziningi ze-aquarium ezikhethekile:

• Ukukhanya: Inani lokukhanya okungena e-aquarium liyisici esiyisisekelo. Kumele kube ukukhanya kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngobuningi obanele. Izitshalo ezintantayo zidinga ukukhanya okuncane ngoba ziseduze nobuso. Ezinye izitshalo zizodinga ukukhanya okunamandla kancane. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokukhanya kwemvelo (okungaqondile njalo nokulawulwayo) noma ukukhanya okwenziwe kusetshenziswa izinto ze-LED noma ze-fluorescent ezenzelwe i-aquarium.
• I-CO2: Kuwusizo kakhulu ukukusebenzisa e-aquarium, hhayi nje ngoba kuyisondlo esibalulekile ezitshalweni ukuze zikwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesize, kodwa futhi ngoba kusiza ukwehlisa kancane i-pH yamanzi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ezindaweni eziningi zokulungisa amachibi ukuze kudalwe izimo ezinhle zezitshalo zethu ezidinga kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-CO2 okulawulwa kahle kusiza ukunciphisa ukwanda kwe-algae engafuneki ngokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo ngamandla.
• Umanyolo: Uma sesinokukhanya okwanele kanye ne-CO2, kumele sengeze uhlobo oluthile lomanyolo ukuze izitshalo zibe nazo zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-iron, nezinye izakhamzimba ezincane). Kubalulekile ukulawula inani nezidingo zesakhamzimba ngasinye ngokwenza ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali okuyisisekelo ye-aquarium (ama-nitrate, ama-phosphate, ubulukhuni, njll.) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asifaki umanyolo owengeziwe, njengoba singase sibe sengozini yokuthi ulwelwe luthelele i-aquarium yethu.
• Isendlalelo: el i-substrate yezakhi Akudingeki kakhulu kuzo zonke izitshalo. Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobo ezingadingi i-substrate futhi ezihlala zinamathele ezintweni. Kodwa-ke, ezitshalweni ezinezimpande eziqinile (i-Echinodorus, i-Cryptocoryne, izitshalo eziningi zesiqu), i-substrate enhle ecebile ngezakhamzimba noma ama-pellets kamanyolo angcwatshwe phansi azohlala amukelekile futhi azothuthukisa kakhulu ukukhula kwawo.

Ungazithola ezitolo ezikhethekile umanyolo wezitshalo ze-aquarium Sinikeza umanyolo wekhwalithi ephezulu ngesimo soketshezi noma njengama-pellet agqitshwe enhlabathini. Sisebenzisana nemikhiqizo ehamba phambili yomanyolo wezitshalo zasemanzini njenge-Eheim, i-Aquaplants, i-JBL, i-Seachem, njll. Ukukhetha kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwe-aquarium (izitshalo ezimbalwa noma eziningi), isabelomali sakho, nokuthi ukhetha uhlelo lomanyolo olulula noma oluthuthukisiwe.

Kungani kukuhle ukufaka izitshalo ku-aquarium?

Ukubeka izitshalo ku-aquarium yethu kungaba ngumqondo omuhle kakhulu ngoba Izizathu ezahlukahlukeneUma nje ziyizitshalo zangempela, singazuza kuzo zonke izici eziletha e-aquarium yethu. Ngisho nezitshalo zokwenziwa ziyasiza ngobuhle futhi zinikeze indawo yokukhosela, kodwa ezangempela zinikeza okungaphezu kwalokho.

Ake sibheke izizathu zokuthi kungani kuhle ukubeka izitshalo emanzini ahlanzekile:

• Zidla izakhamzimba ezinobuthi emanzini (i-ammonium, ama-nitrite ngezinga elincane futhi ikakhulukazi ama-nitrate), okusiza ngqo impilo yezinhlanzi kanye nohlelo lonke lwemvelo.
• Banikeza umoya-mpilo emanzini Emini, ngenxa ye-photosynthesis, izinhlanzi ziphefumula kahle futhi amabhaktheriya awusizo ahlala esebenza.
• Banikeza izindawo zokukhosela, zokudlala kanye nokuphumula kwezinhlanzi eziningi kanye nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukise ukuziphatha kwazo kwemvelo.
• Emvelweni, izinhlanzi zisebenzisa izitshalo ukuze ukubekwa kweqandaNgakho-ke, e-aquarium bazosebenzisa lezi zitshalo njengesiphephelo samaphuphu abo, ikakhulukazi ekuzaleni noma ezindaweni zokudoba zomphakathi lapho ama-fry adinga khona izindawo zokucasha.
• Ngokwenza i-photosynthesis nangokudla izakhamzimba, Zisiza ukulawula ukwanda kwe-algaeezincintisana ngezinsiza ezifanayo kodwa ezingasebenzi kahle uma kunezitshalo ezinempilo.
• Zithuthukisa ubuhle be-aquarium. ngendlela emangalisayo, enikeza ukubukeka kwemvelo, okuphumuzayo nokumnandi kakhulu kunokuhlobisa okwenziwayo okulula okungenampilo.
• Zikuvumela ukuthi udale izindawo zangempela ezingaphansi kwamanzi (i-aquascaping) ehlanganisa ukwakheka okuhlukene, imibala nokuphakama, iguqula i-aquarium ibe yinto yokuhlobisa enenani elikhulu lokubonakala.
• Zikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kwangaphakathi ngokusekela amabhaktheriya, izilwane ezincane kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezizuzisayo ezifaka isandla ekuzinzeni kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo.

Njengoba ubona, izitshalo ze-aquarium ziyisinqumo esihle kakhulu kokubili ukuhlobisa kanye ngcono izinga lamanzi kanye nenhlalakahle yezinhlanzi. Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele ngokusekelwe ku-aquarium yakho, izinga lakho lokuhlangenwe nakho, kanye nemishini yakho yokukhanyisa/i-CO2 kuzokwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwethangi eliphakathi nendawo kanye ne-aquarium ephilayo nenempilo ehlala izinzile isikhathi eside.

Ngalolu lwazi, uhlu lwezinhlobo ezinconywayo, kanye nezeluleko ngokukhanyisa, ukukhulelwa, kanye ne-CO2, unesisekelo esiphelele sokukhetha nokuhlanganisa izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ze-aquarium zamanzi ahlanzekile futhi uguqule ithangi lakho lezinhlanzi libe yipharadesi elincane lemvelo ekhaya.