Namuhla siza ukuphawula ngohlobo olwehlukile ezinhlanzini esizijwayele. Akuyona inhlanzi esizobhekana nayo, kepha izipanji zasolwandle. Kuyisilwane esingenamqolo esingezansi komphetho we-poriferous. Zihlala kuphela ezindaweni ezinamanzi futhi azethuli noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhamba. Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, akusiyona nje isiponji, kodwa iyaphila. Ingesinye sezilwane ezilula ezisohlwini lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngoba azinazo izicubu zangempela.
Uyafuna ukwazi zonke izici zezipontshi zasolwandle? Uma uqhubeka nokufunda, uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi lezi zilwane zifuna ukwazi kangakanani
Izici eziyinhloko
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, izipanji zasolwandle yizilwane ezilula kakhulu. Lezi yizilwane ukuthi ungalethi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimethri. Imizimba yabo ayinakho ukuma okucacile, yize ezinye izinhlobo zibonisa ukulingana kwemisebe. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu futhi yiso esinikeza igama laso onqenqemeni lwe-poriferous ukuthi imizimba yakhiwa ngochungechunge lwamaphoyinti neziteshi lapho amanzi edlula khona futhi, ngale ndlela, athola ukudla ne-oxygen.
Njengoba zingenazo izicubu ezikhethekile, izipanji zasolwandle zinenqwaba yamaseli aphelele. Lawa maseli akwazi ukuba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli oludingwa yisilwane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Leli khono lenza lezi zilwane zisebenziseke kakhulu lapho zibhekene nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Banamandla amakhulu wokuzivuselela nakulezo zikhathi lapho uhlangabezana nokulahleka okukhulu emzimbeni womzimba.
Yize ukuma phakathi kwezipanji zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kungahluka kakhulu, zonke zinesakhiwo esifanayo. Zonke zinembobo enkulu engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wazo eyaziwa njenge-osculum. Kukule mgodi lapho kuphuma khona amanzi azungeza ngaphakathi kwezipanji. Izindonga zomzimba wakho zigcwele izimbotshana ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kungenxa yalezi zindawo lapho amanzi angena khona futhi ukuhlunga kwenzeka.
Uhlobo lweseli oluhlukile kuzipanji zasolwandle angama-choanocyte. Leli seli likhethekile ekuhlungeni. Ukuhlunga inqubo lapho isipanji sithola khona ukudla. Amaseli ane-flagellum nama-microvilli amaningana awuzungezile futhi ayimbangela yemisinga emincane yamanzi amanzi angena ngayo esipontshini.
Ibanga nendawo yokuhlala
Ngaphandle kokuthi izipanji zasolwandle ziyizilwane ezingenamgogodla, ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokubhekana nezimo ezibhekene nezilwane ebezingenakwenzeka ukuzishaya noma ukusinda, kumenza abe ngumuntu osindile ngokweqiniso. Bayakwazi ukubekezelela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngama-hydrocarbon kahle, izinsimbi noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi.
Zinezilwane ezimbalwa ezidla imvelo ngenxa yamathambo azo ama-spicule nobuthi obuphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isipanji sasolwandle sitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle nolwandle lomhlaba. Izindawo ezidume kakhulu zenani elikhulu lezipanji ezibanjwe ngekhulu lama-XNUMX mhlawumbe yi-Eastern Mediterranean, iGulf of Mexico, iCaribbean nezilwandle ezungeze iJapane.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, kuyisilwane esingenamgogodla se-sessile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zihlala zigxilile olwandle futhi aziqhubeki kuzo. Bayakwazi ukuhlala ekujuleni okukhulu, yize zingatholakala futhi ezindaweni ezingaphezulu. Iningi labo likhetha izindawo lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungenamandla kakhulu.
Ukondla izipanji zasolwandle
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu eziphilayo ezitholakala olwandle nokuthi zikwazi ukuhlunga izimbotshana zazo. Kodwa-ke, zingadla kuma-plankton nakamagciwane amancane. Ezinye izipanji ziyakwazi ukusungula i-symbiosis ngamagciwane noma ezinye izinto ezineseli elilodwa. Lobu budlelwano babanikeza izinzuzo njengokufinyelela ezintweni eziphilayo.
Kukhona ezinye izilwane olwandle ongahle ube nobudlelwano bobabili. Lolu hlobo lobudlelwano lusho ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili ziwina ngokuzuza komunye nomunye. Lobu budlelwano bakhiwe ngamanye ama-invertebrates noma izinhlanzi ezisebenzisa iziponji zasolwandle njengendawo yokukhosela ukucasha kwezinye izilwane ezinkulu. Ezinye ezingenamgogodla zingashumeka kuzo futhi zizisize zihambe lapho zizifihla. Lesi yisibonelo esicacile sobudlelwano bobabili.
Ukuzala
Uma ziyizinto eziphilayo ezingashukumi futhi zingahambisani, zikhiqiza kanjani? Ngemuva kwalokho Bangakwazi ukukhiqiza kokubili i-asexually nezocansi. Esokuqala sibonga amaseli we-totipotent esiwabonile ngaphambilini. Kubangela ukuthi baguquke babe ngamaseli alungele ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza kabusha kwe-asexual ziyaphuma. Ezinye izinhlobo zamanzi angenasawoti zingakwenza lokhu ngokulinganisa.
Ngoba izipanji azinazo izitho ezithile ezikhethekile zanoma yimuphi umsebenzi, futhi azinazo izitho zocansi. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga uma kukhulunywa ngokudlala. Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu lingama-hermaphrodites. Zidinga ukukhuleliswa ukuze zikhiqize kahle. Kokubili isidoda namaqanda kuvela kuma-choanocyte. Lokhu kuxoshelwa ngaphandle futhi kulapho inyunyana phakathi kwamaseli amabili yenzeka khona. Ngakho-ke, sikhuluma ngokukhulelwa kwangaphandle.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesiponji akuqondile. Ngemuva kokukhula kwabo, badlula ezigabeni zokubungu ngaphambi kokuba bakhule babe ngabantu abadala. Izinhlobo ezine ezahlukahlukene zezibungu ziyaziwa ezizoncika kohlobo.
Izintshisakalo zezipanji zasolwandle
Yize zinganakwa, izipanji zasolwandle zihlanganisa izinto ezinobuthi noma ama-antibiotic ukugcina izidumbu zazo zingasondeli. Eziningi zalezi zinto zisetshenziswa embonini eyenza imithi kanye nezici abanazo ezibhekene nezifo ezivame kakhulu emphakathini wethu ziyasetshenziswa.
Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi babe nobudlelwano nabantu ngenxa yokuba wusizo kwabo njenge ithuluzi lokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu. Njengamanje, ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwezipanji ukuze zisetshenziselwe umuntu kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yomonakalo owenzeka kubantu babo.
Ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngalezi zilwane zasendulo.