Impela wake wangabaza iqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuxhumana nokuthi zingakwenza kanjani lokho. Amaqembu amaningi ososayensi akubuze lokhu futhi enza ucwaningo ukukhombisa lokho izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa ukuthi izinhlanzi zingakhuluma kanjani.
Imisindo yokuxhumana
Ucwaningo oluhlukile lukhombisile ukuthi izinhlanzi nazo zinamandla okuxhumana, zenza kanjalo nazo ukukhononda nokukhala okufana nemisindo.
Ososayensi baseNew Zealand bakholelwa ukuthi zonke izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuzwa, kodwa akuzona zonke ezinekhono lokwenza imisindo, zingenza kuphela imisindo enesibindi sokubhukuda, isicubu esingakwazi ukubamba.
Kusuka eNyuvesi yase-Auckland, uSolwazi Ghazali uqinisekise ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyaxhumana lapho kunesidingo sokwethusa izilwane ezidla ezinye, lapho zifuna ngababili futhi lapho badinga ukuthola amabhele abo.
Isibonelo esicacile yizinhlanzi ezimhloshana noma inkonjane engakwazi yenza imisindo ehlukileEnye ethula i-cod, yenza umsindo kuphela lapho kufanele ikhwisane.
«I-hypothesis ukuthi basebenzisa umsindo njengethuluzi lokuvumelanisa ukuze owesilisa nowesifazane bakhiphe amaqanda abo ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngaleyo ndlela bathole ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo.«. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala ezixhotsheni zenza umsindo ukugwema ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Izinhlanzi zegolide ezibonakala ezindaweni zasemanzini zine- ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu kepha abanalo ikhono lokukhuluma futhi azikwazi ukwenza noma yimuphi umsindo.
Ukuxhumana kwezinhlanzi ngomchamo
Olunye uhlobo lokuxhumana olukhona ezinhlanzini kungaba ngomchamo. Kunezifundo eziningi ngayo, lapho kuvela khona uphenyo oluvela kumagazini i-Behaeveal Ecology and Sociobiology. Kulolu cwaningo kuthiwa izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukuxhumana ngamanye amakhemikhali emchameni.
Ukuxhumana kudlala indima ebalulekile empilweni nasekwakheni izinhlanzi. Kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinolaka ukuze zikwazi ukuvikela umhlaba wazo. Ukuze kusungulwe imihlahlandlela ekusayineni indawo, ukuxhumana kuyadingeka. Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi ukuxhumana ngamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinhlanzi kunendima ebalulekile ekuphileni ndawonye. Nakuba kunolunye uphawu olusobala kakhulu ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuxhumana, njengokuba khona kwezikole ezinkulu. de peces, ukuxhumana ngamakhemikhali kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kunezinye izibonakaliso eziye zafundwa, njengezindlela ezithile zokuxhumana ezibukwayo nezomsindo. Uma sikhuluma ngokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlanzi ngamakhemikhali asemchameni, sikuqhathanisa nokuziphatha kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Ucwaningo luzama ukuthola ukuthi ngabe izinhlanzi zisebenzisa umchamo yini ukumaka indawo. Kufanele ucabangele imvelo abahlala kuyo. Endaweni yasemanzini, umchamo awuhlali endaweni yawo, kepha amanzi ayancibilika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi, kungaba indawo evumayo yokukwazi ukuxhumana ngamakhemikhali.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo
Ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umchamo ubambe iqhaza yini endaweni, ezinye izivivinyo zenziwa nxazonke zethangi lamanzi elihlukaniswe ngodonga. Kwahlelwa ukuthi izilwane zizohlangana ngokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, baklama ithangi ngendlela yokuthi babonakale ngendlela yokuthi amanzi avela egumbini elilodwa angadluleli kwelinye igumbi. Kwathintwa ezinye izinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ngoba lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile uma umuntu efuna ukuhlaziya ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimbangi.
Izinhlanzi zajovwa ngomuthi ukuze kungcolise umchamo wazo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze zikalwe futhi zibonwe. Lapho lokhu sekwenziwe, ososayensi baqala ukukala ukuthi umchamo ukhipha inhlanzi engakanani ezimweni ezahlukahlukene eyayikuzo. Uma kungabonakala izinhlanzi eziningi ngaphakathi kwethangi, bebezophakamisa amaphiko abo basondelane ngolaka. Yini enye, bakhipha umchamo owengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo lapho izinhlanzi zombili zazingabonani khona.
Izinguquko eziningana zabonwa futhi emaphethini wokuziphatha wezinhlanzi ezibukanayo. Lezi zinguquko babonwa kuphela uma umchamo uthuthele ngakolunye uhlangothi lwethangi. Kulokhu, uma inhlanzi ibona enkulu, yanciphisa ulaka lwayo futhi ithambile. Kusukela lapha singagqamisa ukwesaba ukudlwengulwa kanye nendawo. Uma umchamo wawungakwazi ukudlula ukwahlukana kwethangi de peces, akukho shintsho ekuziphatheni olwabonwa phakathi kwezinhlanzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingakanani.
Lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi umchamo usebenza njengendlela yokuxhumana kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinhlanzi. Kungenzeka ukuthi isiphetho singathathwa kulolu cwaningo lokuthi inhlanzi ikhipha umchamo ngamabomu ukuze ikwazi ukuxhumana nokuthanda kwayo ukuba nolaka. Kuyindlela yokuhlala kwendawo yohlobo ngalunye. Lezi zifundo kufanele futhi zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubona indlela eziphatha ngayo ngamunye wazo. Futhi Kuzoncika esikhathini abakuso, kungaba ukufuduka noma ukuzala kabusha. Ezimweni ezithile zonyaka izinhlanzi ziziphatha ngendlela engaphezulu kunezinye.
Indlela yokuxhumana de peces: ama-acoustics enziwayo
I-Passive acoustics iyindlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinezinhlobonhlobo zezitho ezikhiqiza umsindo. Izinhlobo eziningi de peces Inesiphazamiso esisebenza ngokushesha futhi esigqiza ngesigqi esinyeni sokubhukuda. Cishe kube nokwenzeka ukubonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi ukuthi ingakhipha imisindo yilezo ezinesinye sokubhukuda. Uma sishaya ibhaluni bese siyishaya, sizokhiqiza umphumela ofanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhonjisiwe ukuthi izinhlanzi zingangena kubani ukuqina noma ukungqubuzana kwezakhi zethambo ezihambisa imisipha yazo noma umoya odlulayo ngokusebenzisa izimbotshana zomzimba. Le ndlela yokuxhumana kudingeke ukuthi ithuthukise ukubonga kokunye ukujwayela ukusinda kwayo imvelo yasemanzini. Ebhekene nokuhlaselwa okusondelayo kwesilwane, izinhlanzi kufanele zixhumane ukuze zisheshe zibaleke.
Amabhange de peces Ahleleke kahle kakhulu futhi ancike eqenjini lonke ukuze asinde ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezidla ezinye. Esimeni esiphuthumayo esinjalo, ukuxhumana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngomchamo noma ukungqubuzana kwezakhi zamathambo, kufanele kwenzeke uma ufuna ukusinda. Singakukhohlwa lokho izinhlanzi zisinda ngokukwazi ukuvumelanisa futhi zibalekele emhlambini.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi izinhlanzi zixhumana kanjani nezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezinazo.