Ezweni lasemanzini, esinye sezihloko ezivuse isithakazelo esikhulayo eminyakeni yamuva nje umthelela womsindo ekuziphatheni kwezinhlanzi. Nakuba izinhlanzi bezibhekwa njengezilwane ezithembele kuphela ezintweni ezibonakalayo nezinukayo, iqiniso liwukuthi umuzwa wokuzwa udlala indima ebalulekile ekusindeni kwazo. Imisindo edalwa imisebenzi yabantu ayishintshi nje kuphela ukuziphatha kwazo kodwa ingabangela nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside empilweni yazo kanye nasezindaweni ezihlala kuzo.
Indlebe yangaphakathi yezinhlanzi: Ithuluzi elibalulekile
Ngokuphambene nalokho abaningi abangase bakucabange, izinhlanzi zinesimiso sokuzwa sangaphakathi esithuthukisiwe kahle . Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa imisele nezakhiwo ezigcwele uketshezi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-otolith, ezizwela ukudlidliza futhi ezisiza izinhlanzi ukuthi zizwakale imisindo. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, njenge-carp kanye ne-characins, i-swim bladder isebenza njengegumbi eliphendula umsindo, likhulisa imisindo endaweni yasemanzini.
Amanzi adlulisa umsindo ngokushesha okuphindwe kahlanu kunomoya, okwenza izimpawu ze-acoustic zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhulumisaneni kwezinhlanzi , ekudleni nasekutholeni izilwane ezizingelayo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzwa okuphezulu kuzenza zibe sengozini enkulu yomsindo wokwenziwa.
Imithombo yomsindo endaweni yezinhlanzi
Umsindo ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ungaba nemithombo eminingana, kokubili okwemvelo kanye ne-anthropogenic. Owokuqala uhlanganisa umsindo okhiqizwa amagagasi, imisinga nokunye ukusebenzisana ngokomzimba emanzini. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwentuthuko yabantu kuye kwaletha amazinga abalulekile omsindo wokwenziwa, njengalokhu:
- Ukuhamba ngezikebhe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi bezikebhe.
- Ukwakhiwa ngaphansi kwamanzi, njengokufakwa kwezinqwaba kanye nezakhiwo zamapulatifomu kawoyela.
- Ukuhlola kokuzamazama komhlaba kokukhipha uwoyela negesi.
- Umsindo okhiqizwa i-sonar nemishini yokuhamba yasolwandle.
Le misindo ayifinyeleli nje kuphela ezimweni eziyingozi ezinhlanzini, kodwa ivame ukuhlala njalo futhi iqhubeke isikhathi eside, ikhulisa umthelela wayo omubi. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva oluvela emanyuvesi afana neBristol, ngisho nomsindo omfushane ungashintsha izindlela zabo zokuziphatha , njengokudla.
Imithelela yomsindo ekuziphatheni kwezinhlanzi kanye nokwakheka komzimba
Umsindo we-anthropogenic unomthelela oqondile ezinhlanzini, okubangela konke kusukela ekuphazamisekeni kuya ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. Olunye ucwaningo olubalulekile olwenziwe ososayensi eNyuvesi yaseBristol lubonise ukuthi lapho izinhlanzi zase-aquarium zivezwa umsindo we-loudspeaker ngaphansi kwamanzi, zenza amaphutha okudla , zicabanga ukuthi imfucumfucu ingukudla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinguquko zingaholela ku:
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa: Ukuchayeka njalo emsindweni ophezulu kungalimaza amaseli ezinzwa endlebeni engaphakathi.
- Imithelela ekuxhumaneni: Izinhlanzi zincike kumaza omsindo aphansi ukuze zihlanganyele emphakathini. Umsindo uyaphazamisa lokhu kuxhumana, okwenza kube nzima ukwakha amaqembu noma umshado.
- Ingcindezi engapheli: Umsindo ophikelelayo udala izimpendulo zengcindezi, ukhiphe i-cortisol, ethinta amasosha akho omzimba futhi yandise ukuba sengozini kwakho ezifweni.
- Izinguquko ekuziphatheni: Ngaphezu kokudla ngendlela engaqondakali, izinhlanzi zingase zibonise ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo, njengokukhula kolaka noma ukudideka.
Imiphumela yomsindo ayigcini nje ezinhlanzini zasemanzini. Endle, izinhlobo ezitholakala emadwaleni amakhorali noma ezindaweni zemikhumbi emikhulu zingabhekana nezinselele ezifanayo noma ezinkulu nakakhulu ngenxa yokungcola komsindo.
Ukuhlolwa okuyizifanekiselo kokungcoliswa komsindo
Ucwaningo oluhlukene luhlole ukuthi umsindo uyithinta kanjani inhlalakahle yezinhlanzi, wandisa ukuqonda kwethu le nkinga:
- Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, ukuncipha kwemisebenzi yabantu kusivumele ukuthi sibone ukuthi izinhlanzi zandisa umsebenzi wazo wezwi ezimeni eziphansi zomsindo, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lakho lokuxhumana.
- Ucwaningo ngezixhobo zamakhorali lubonise ukuthi umsindo wezikebhe ushintsha ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezihlanzekile kanye “namakhasimende” azo, kube nomthelela omubi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ze-ecosystem.
- E-Norway, i-FHF Research Fund yahlola imiphumela yomsindo ezinhlanzini ezifuywayo, yagqamisa ukuthi ungaholela emphumeleni obulalayo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokunciphisa umthelela womsindo kuma-aquariums
Nakuba ukugxila okukhulu kuncike ekunciphiseni umsindo endaweni yemvelo, abanikazi bezinhlanzi zasemanzini kufanele futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yezinhlanzi zabo. Ezinye izincomo zifaka:
- Gwema ukubeka i-aquarium eduze kwamathelevishini, izipikha noma okokusebenza komsindo.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi amaphampu namasistimu okuhlunga asebenza ngendlela efanele futhi ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukudlidliza okungadingekile.
- Sebenzisa i-insulating coatings ukunciphisa ukudlidliza kwemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina indawo elinganiselayo yezinhlanzi zakho kuthuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nempilo yazo. Bheka umhlahlandlela wethu mayelana nezihlungi ze-aquarium ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamanzi enhle.
Ukuphakamisa izindawo ezivikelwe ngokuzwakalayo, "njengamaphasishi athule" kanye nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa umsindo okhishwa yimikhumbi, ezinye zezixazululo zokunciphisa lolu songo ezilwaneni zasolwandle.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokugcina indawo efanele enomsindo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ibhalansi yalezi zindawo eziyingqayizivele nezintekenteke. Ukunciphisa umsindo, kokubili ezindaweni zemvelo nasezindaweni zasemanzini zasekhaya, akuzuzisi izinhlanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuvumela ukuvumelana okungcono kwemvelo.