Namuhla sizokhuluma yolunye lwezinhlobo zamavulandlela emhlabeni wamathangi ezinhlanzi. Yilokhu izinhlanzi zegolide. Igama layo lesayensi ngu ICarassius auratus futhi yaziwa nangegama elijwayelekile le-carpín yegolide. Futhi ukuthi lolu hlobo lwalungolunye lwezinto zokuqala ukusetshenziswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ngemuva kokuzibamba. Lunjalo-ke udumo lwabo njengesilwane esifuywayo, ukuthi namuhla yizona eziningi kakhulu emathangini ezinhlanzi ajwayelekile kuwo wonke amakhaya.
Sikuchazela konke Funda kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinhlobo lapha. Kusukela ezicini zayo eziyinhloko kuya ekunakekeleni okudingayo ukuyigcina inempilo ku-aquarium yethu. Ingabe ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-goldfish?
Izici eziyinhloko
Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi Ngokuvamile ifinyelela phakathi kuka-15 no-30 cm ngobude ezindaweni zasolwandle ezinakekelwa kahle nasemachibini, kanye nezibonelo ezingaphezu kuka-35 cm zibhalwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile. Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze izinhlobo ezikhethiwe e-China phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ichaza ukwehlukahlukana kwayo kobukhulu, izimo nemibala.
Esimweni sasendle noma esisendle, ama-specimens aqinile angakhula ngosayizi, kodwa Akuyona inhlanzi enesisindo samashumi amakhilogremuEkuthunjweni, isisindo esivamile silinganisiwe futhi sincike kufuzo, ikhwalithi yamanzi, nokudla. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kuyaphawuleka: ngokunakekelwa okuhle angaphila phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 neyi-15 noma ngaphezulu, ikakhulukazi emachibini amakhulu anamanzi azinzile, okuwenza abe izilwane ezifuywayo ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Ku-morphology yayo yemvelo, inhlanzi yegolide ine umzimba omncane kunalokho kanye namaphiko amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bayo. Ngokwebhayoloji iyafana nenhlazi yasemfuleni, kodwa ihlukaniswa yi ukungabi khona kwezilevu phezulu emlonyeni. Ku izinhlobo zokuhlobisa (i-oranda, i-veiltail, i-ranchu, njll.) umzimba ungaba eyindilinga ngaphezulu kanye namaphiko athuthuke kakhulu.
Umbala ojwayelekile ngu ophuzi wegolide noma owolintshi, nakuba kukhona izithunzi ezibomvu, ezimhlophe, ezimnyama noma ezihlangene. Isici se-metallic shine sivela ku- i-guanina, into ebonisa ukukhanya ngezikali ezibonisa ngale. Ziyizinhlanzi ezisheshayo ezinekhono elihle lokubhukuda, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezijwayelekile (ezivamile, izinhlanzi zekhayithi, shubunkin).
Ngaphezu kokumelana, nazo izinhlanzi ezinobudlelwane nezinokuthula, ezifanele ukuhlala nezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini abandayo ezinobukhulu obufanayo nezidingo. Ngenxa yombala wabo, ukumelana nokuziphatha kwabo, baphelele inhlanzi echibini lapho unikezwa umthamo owanele namanzi ahluzwe kahle.
Indawo yokuhlala i-Goldfish
Le nhlanzi inendawo yayo kuzo zonke izindawo amanzi amasha. Akunakwenzeka ukuyithola olwandle. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa indawo yokuhlala esondelene kakhulu nemvelo ekhaya ukusetshenziswa kwamachibi. Lawa machibi aqinisekisa ukuhamba okukhulu nendawo lapho ejwayele ukuba khona.
Emvelweni ngokuvamile bahlala kuyo amaqembu amancane phakathi nokujula noma eduze naphansi, lapho zibheka khona ukudla kwazo. Bavame izindawo ze-eutrophic (icebile ngemisoco kanye ne-algae) futhi ingabekezelela amanzi nge ukuntuleka kwe-oxygen. Ezinye izibonelo ziye zabonwa ziphila isikhashana emanzini i-brackish kancane, nakuba ukugcinwa kwayo okuphezulu kusemanzini ahlanzekile.
EYurophu nakwezinye izifunda, abantu abaningi be-feral bavela ukukhishwa kwe-aquarium, into okungafanele neze yenziwe ngoba ishintsha imvelo. Ngenxa yombala wazo ogqamile, zitholakala endalweni isisulu esilula kusuka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezifana ne-pike noma i-perch futhi ziphumelela kuphela emakhoneni angawodwa ngaphandle kokuzingela okunamandla.
Njengenhlazi yenhlazi yasemfuleni, lapho ukondla ngokushukumisa phansi, bangakwazi andise ukuthukuthela kwamanzi, okuthinta ukukhula kwezitshalo zasemanzini nokunciphisa umoya-mpilo. Ngakho-ke, uma zigcinwe emachibini, kuyafaneleka lawula ukuminyana, ihlinzeke ngokuhlunga okwanele kanye nezimila ezanele ukuze kuncishiswe umphumela wako emvelweni.
Kukhona ochwepheshe abafunde lolu hlobo ngokujula futhi bangakuqinisekisa lokho Baphila kangcono ekuthunjweni kunasendaweni yabo yemvelo lapho behlinzekwa nge-aquarium enkulu, ezinzile, futhi ehluzwe kahle noma ichibi. Isici esiyinhloko enhlalakahleni yabo yi- izinga lokushisa kwamanziEmachibini abandayo, i-metabolism yawo ihamba kancane futhi ingena esimweni sokuphumula, kuyilapho emanzini apholile agcina umsebenzi oqhubekayo.
Ukuziphatha nokondla
Inhlanzi yegolide ine- isimo sizolile. Ngokuvamile azibangeli izinkinga uma zihlala nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Njengoba behlala ndawonye uma kukhona abantu abangaphezu koyedwa, akuvamile ukubona umuntu eyedwa. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, ajwayele ukulwa nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa lapho evalelwe, azole ngempela. Bathanda ukwazi, bahlola indawo ebazungezile, futhi bafunde izindlela zokudla. Empeleni, bayakwazi ukubona umnakekeli wabo futhi wamukele ukudla okuvela esandleni ngesineke kanye nokuqiniswa.
Ziyizinhlanzi ezivame ukufuna ukudla e- i-substrate; ngakho-ke, kuhle ukusebenzisa isihlabathi noma amatshe anemiphetho ethambile ukuze ugweme ukulimala. Ukugeleza kwamanzi okusesilinganisweni kuyabazuzisa, nakuba Abawabekezeleli imisinga enamandla ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwabo, Ziyakwazi omnivorousZidla izitshalo, ulwelwe, nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla. Imenyu yabo yemvelo ihlanganisa izinambuzane, izibungu, ama-crustaceans, ama-plankton namaqanda kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane uma zithola ithuba. Lesi sici sichaza ukuthi kungani zingadla amanye amaqanda ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini omphakathi ngezikhathi zokuzalanisa.
Ukuyiphakela uma sinaso njengesilwane esifuywayo, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Ungamnika ukudla okuthengiswa ezitolo de peces noma uyaphila noma cha. Yengeza okuthile ekudleni kwakho ukudla okuphilayo kungaba umqondo omuhle. Ezinye izibungu, amazeze olwandle, noma amagciwane yizinketho ezinhle. Ngokwengxenye yesitshalo, Ungamnika ulethisi nokholifulawaBamukela isipinashi, uphizi ohlutshiwe, ne-zucchini e-blanched. Uma ufuna ukubapha ukudla okumnandi ngezikhathi ezithile, ungabanika izimfanzi, izimfanzi ze-brine, noma i-daphnia.
Bayisiminzi kakhulu, ngakho kuyatuseka ungawadli ngokweqile. Nikeza izingxenye ezincane izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku, zalokho abangakudla abambalwa Imizuzu ye-2. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ze-buoyancy, cwilisa ama-flakes noma ama-pellets ngakho ziyacwila, njengoba ukugwinya umoya phezulu kungase kuphazamise esinyeni sazo sokubhukuda. Ekuqaleni, uma singazange sibe nalezi zinhlanzi isikhathi eside, zizosaba kancane futhi zingathandi ukuzama ukudla, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zizojwayela.
Ukubukeka kwabo okulimazayo nakho kungaba yingozi empilweni yabo ekuthunjweni. Ukubamba amaqanda ezinye izinhlobo nakho kungenzeka ku-aquarium yakho noma echibini. Lezi zinhlanzi zidinga ukugadwa kakhulu lapho ezinye izinhlobo zisethangini. inkathi yokuzalanisa. Futhi, ungawaxubani nokuthosa okuncane kakhulu ngoba angase enze iphutha lokudla.
Ukuzala
Le nhlanzi Kunzima kakhulu uma kuziwa ekukhiqizeni kabusha. Izimo kufanele zibe zinhle ukuze ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenzeke. Lokhu kwenzeka kuzo zombili izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo nezokwenziwa. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kuvame ukufinyelelwa phakathi kwe unyaka wokuqala nowesibili, kuye ngokukhula, ukudla nokuzinza kwamanzi.
Ukuzala akunzima kakhulu uma ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kuthathwa kusukela ekuqaleni Inhlanzi. Uma zigcinwe emachibini, ukuzala kulula kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa e-ambient maningi amathuba okuthi adange ukuzala lapho esephezulu. Okubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuke kancane kancane, njengoba kuvamile entwasahlobo.
Ukuthandana kuyafana noma ngabe basendaweni yemvelo noma emachibini. Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi kunjalo owesilisa oxosha insikazi ukuze amkhuthaze. Ukuvundisa kwenzeka lapho iduna liphusha insikazi ezitshalweni, emadwaleni, noma kuma-mops azalayo. amaqanda ayanamathela futhi zinamathele ezimila noma imihlobiso.
Kuyinhlanzi eneqanda kwande: Insikazi izalela amakhulukhulu amaqanda ngeqeqebana ngalinye. Ngemva kokukhulelwa, kuyancomeka asuse abantu abadala noma uhambise izitshalo ezinamaqanda kwelinye ithangi ukuze zingadliwa. Ukuchanyuselwa kuvamise ukwenzeka ngo Amahora angu-48-72, kuye ngezinga lokushisa. I-Fry iqala ukunamathela endaweni engaphezulu futhi, lapho imunca isaka le-yolk, iqala ukudla i-infusoria nama-micronutrients.
Aquarium kanye nokugcinwa
Ukuze udale kabusha i izimo ezifanele Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala ye-goldfish yakho ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngendawo, ukuhlunga, namanzi azinzile. Nakuba ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa namathangi amancane ezinhlanzi, akufanele igcinwe ezitsheni ngaphandle kwesisefo hhayi ngisho nasemabholeni ekristalu: anciphisa umoya-mpilo, aqongelela ubuthi futhi anciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwawo.
Umthamo wethangi nesimo: Ngezinhlobo ezivamile (ezivamile, inkanyezi enomsila, i-shubunkin) cabangela ezimbalwa 75 amalitha inhlanzi ngayinye njengesiqalo; ngezinhlobo eziyindilinga zomzimba (Oranda, Ryukin, Telescope, Ranchu), okungenani 38-50 amalitha inhlanzi ngayinyeI-aquarium evundlile inikeza indawo engcono yokushintshanisa igesi nendawo yokubhukuda kunende.
Ukuhlunga kanye ne-oxygenation: I-Goldfish ikhiqiza udoti omningi. Sebenzisa a isihlungi esikhulu (impophoma noma yangaphandle) bese wengeza ukungena komoya uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu. Yenza izinguquko zamanzi ingxenye ye- 20-30% ngesonto futhi ubeka amanzi ukuze asuse i-chlorine nama-chloramine. Abanye abanakekeli bengeza a isipuni sikasawoti wasolwandle ongena-iodine ngamalitha ayi-19 njengokwesekwa kwe-osmotic ngezikhathi ezithile, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo nokuhlola ukubekezelelana kwezitshalo/umngane.
Imingcele yamanzi: I-pH eguqukayo phakathi I-6 ne-8,5 (ifanele isondele ku-7-7,5) kanye nobulukhuni obujwayelekile 10-30°dGH. Izinga lokushisa elinconyiwe phakathi 18 kanye no-24 °C, enendawo emnandi I-20-23 ° C ngezinhlobo eziningi. Gwema izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekushiseni kwamanzi kanye namakhemikhali.
I-substrate nomhlobiso: usa isihlabathi esihle noma amatshe athambile ngaphandle kwemiphetho ebukhali; gwema amatshe abrasive (lava, tufa) nezicucu ezicijile ezingalimaza amaphiko noma amehlo, ikakhulukazi phakathi izinhlobo ze-telescope noma amehlo asezulwini. Engeza izitshalo eziqinile (i-Java fern, i-anubias, i-cryptocoryne), wazi ukuthi zingase zidle kuzo. Gcina ukukhanya okuncane kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi okusesilinganisweni, ngaphandle kwemisinga eyeqile.
Ukuhambisana nokuhlalisana
Inhlanzi yegolide Pacific futhi ihambisana kahle nezinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obufanayo kanye nezidingo. Banobudlelwane, ngakho Bayakwazisa ukuhlala njengeqembu, inqobo nje uma ivolumu ivuma. Gwema abangani peck amaphiko noma abaphumuli kakhulu.
Ungawaxubani nawo izinhlanzi ezishisayo amanzi afudumele noma ngezinhlobo ezihamba kancane kakhulu uma ugcina izinhlobo ezivamile ezisebenzayo (izinkanyezi ezinomsila noma i-shubunkin), njengoba zingakwazi athathe ukudla kwabo. Ngokuthosa okuncane kakhulu kunengozi yokudliwa. Emachibini angaphandle, vikela izinhlanzi zegolide izidlakela (izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi ezizingelayo) futhi inikeza iziphephelo zezitshalo.
Impilo kanye nokuvimbela izifo
Nge-aquarium enhle namanzi ekhwalithi, inhlanzi yegolide Inokumelana okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ama-pathologies ajwayelekile okufanele avinjwe ngokuhlanzeka nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi ezintsha:
- Iphoyinti elimhlophe (Ich): amachashaza amancane amhlophe, ukunwaya, nokukhathala. Kuphendula izidakamizwa ze-antiparasite kanye nokuzinza okushisayo.
- I-Dropsy: ukuvuvukala kanye nezikali eziphakanyisiwe. Ngokuvamile kubonisa ukutheleleka ngegciwane/ukwehluleka kwezitho; kudinga ukunakwa ngokushesha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamanzi.
- Fin rot: Imiphetho ephukile ebangelwa amagciwane/isikhunta. Kuvinjelwe nge amanzi ahlanzekile futhi iphathwa ngama-antibacterial.
- Ukubhukuda esinyeni: I-buoyancy engavamile. Yehlisa ukudla okomile okuntantayo, cwilisa ukudla futhi inikeza ukudla okuhlukahlukene ngemifino.
- I-Anchor worm kanye nesikhunta: izimuncagazi kanye nama-mycoses angena nezinhlanzi/izinto ezintsha. Faka isicelo ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokwelashwa okuqondile.
- Ingcindezi yamanzi engeyinhle: imithambo ebomvu emaphikweni, ihefuzela phezulu. Lawula ammonium/nitrites/nitrate ngokuhlolwa kanye nezinguquko zamanzi.
Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana ukulahleka kwesifiso, ukukhathala, ukushintsha kombala, noma ukubhukuda okungenangqondo. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kanye nephrothokholi ye ukugcinwa njalo Ziyimithi engcono kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezidumile zezinhlanzi zegolide
Zonke izinhlobo zingezezinhlobo ezifanayo, ICarassius auratus, umphumela wokukhethwa kwamakhulu eminyaka. Phakathi kwezivame kakhulu: evamile, Ikhayithi, shubunkin (i-tricolor), wakin (ukugeleza okuphindwe kabili), i-oranda, ryukin, i-ranchu, Ikhanda leNgonyama, Amehlo e-Moor/telescope, amehlo e-bubble, isikali separele y umsila uvemvaneEzinye (i-oranda, ikhanda lebhubesi, i-ranchu) zithuthukisa a i-cephalic cap engakhula ngokukhula futhi edinga amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu ukugwema izifo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-goldfish. Uma uqinisekisa isikhala esanele, amanzi azinzile kanye a ukudla okuhlukahlukene, uzoba nomngane omangalisayo, wenhlalo nongazweli kakhulu kukho kokubili i-aquarium kanye nechibi lasekhaya.
