I-Los izinhlanzi zasolwandleIzinhlanzi zezingungumbane, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-porcupine fish, ziyizilwane ezihehayo nezihlukile emhlabeni wezindawo zasolwandle. Ukubukeka kwazo okuyingqayizivele, okubonakala ngomzimba ombozwe imigogodla eshintshile kusukela esikalini sazo, indlela yazo yokuzivikela, kanye nokuziphatha kwazo kwendawo, kuzenza zibe uhlobo oluhlonishwayo noluhlonishwayo endle nasezindaweni zasemanzini. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola Izimpawu, ukuziphatha, amasu okuzivikela, ukuphakela, ukunakekelwa kwabathunjiwe, imingcele ye-aquarium, nokucatshangelwa okubalulekile ukugcinwa kwazo, ukuhlanganisa zonke izici ezifanele futhi ezinemininingwane engase ikuthakasele uma ufuna ukuzazi ngokujulile noma ugcine eyodwa ku-aquarium yakho yasolwandle.
Izici ze-morphological kanye nesistimu yokuzivikela yezinhlanzi zasolwandle ze-urchin
La isici esiyinhloko se-sea urchin fish Ubukhona buka a inqwaba yameva ezimboza wonke umzimba wayo. Le migogodla, etholakala ekuguqulweni kwezikali, ihlale igoqiwe lapho isilwane sizolile, kodwa sibhibha ngendlela eyingozi lapho sizwa ingozi, ngenxa yekhono laso lokuvuvukala nokuphinda kathathu ubukhulu baso ngokungenisa amanzi noma umoya. Le ndlela yokuzivikela iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izilwane ezidla ezinye, njengoba yenza kube nzima ukugwinya kanye nezisulu eziyingozi kakhulu.
Eyomndeni I-Diodontidae, i-porcupine fish inomzimba oyi-globose noma omise okweqanda, onamehlo amakhulu futhi avelele, ukubukeka okuwenza afane nezinhlanzi ezi-puffer (umndeni wakwaTetraodontidae), nakuba ngokuvamile usayizi omkhulu futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwamathambo kuqine kakhulu. Phakathi komndeni wakwa-Diodontidae, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15, ezisatshalaliswe ezizukulwaneni ezimbili eziyinhloko: UDiodon y I-Chilomycterus. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge I-Diodon hystrix, zingafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angu-90, okubabeka phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinama-spiny emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nezipholile.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-morphological yi- ukungabi khona kwe-pelvic fins, ekhawulela kancane ukuhleleka nokulawula kwayo, ivuna ukuvela kwesu layo eliyinkimbinkimbi lokuzivikela. Umlomo wayo onjengoqhwaku ungenye indlela ephawulekayo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo: uyivumela ukuba iphule kalula amagobolondo ezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezivame ukuzondla kuzo.
Ukusabalalisa, indawo yokuhlala kanye nezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu
I-Los izinhlanzi zasolwandle banayo a ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi Ihlanganisa zonke izilwandle zeplanethi ezishisayo nezishisayo, futhi zikhona kwezinye izindawo ezipholile. Zikhetha izindawo ezingaphansi ezinamatshe nezixhobo zamakhorali, lapho zingathola khona isiphephelo emifantwini nasemigedeni, futhi zifuna ukudla ezikuthandayo phakathi kwama-crustaceans nezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezinamagobolondo aqinile. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukubaluleka kwazo kwezemvelo, ungabheka isihloko sethu ku- Ukukhishwa okukhulu kwama-urchin olwandle e-Xábia ukuze kubuyiselwe imvelo yasolwandle.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu nezivame ukugcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini zihlanganisa:
- I-Chilomycterus schoepfiI-porcupinefish enemigqa, ekhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-30 endle, nakuba ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ayivamisile ukukhula ibe nkulu. Ingolunye lwezinhlobo zezilwane okungenzeka ukuthi lungavuvukala lapho lusongelwa.
- I-Chilomycterus antennatus: Eyaziwa kakhulu nge-antenna urchin fish, incane (kufika ku-12 cm), inokuthula futhi iyanconywa ukugcina i-aquarium.
- I-Diodon holocanthus: Ibizwa ngokuthi i-porcupine angelfish, ingakhula ibe ngaphezu kuka-30 cm futhi idume ngokubukeka kwayo okumangalisayo. Uma ungathanda ukufunda ngezinhlobo zezilwane ezifuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, vakashela isigaba sethu izinhlanzi eziyivelakancane emhlabeni.
- I-Diodon hystrix: I-porcupinefish evamile, ifaneleka kuphela emanzini omphakathi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, ifinyelela ku-90 cm endaweni yemvelo.
- I-Diodon liturosus: Nge-livery ekhangayo ebonakala nge-ocelli emnyama nezinhlaka ezimhlophe.
La ukuzala Ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle kuyi-pelagic: zidedela amaqanda zibe imisinga yasolwandle ecebile nge-plankton, lapho kuvela khona izibungu, kamuva ezihlala phansi futhi ziguquke zibe yisimo sazo sabantu abadala. Ababonisi i-dimorphism yocansi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane ngeso lenyama. Lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza luchaza ukuhlakazeka kwabo emhlabeni jikelele kanye ne ukungakwazi ukuzizalela ekuthunjweni, njengoba izimo zokuzalanisa izibungu emanzini angakwazi ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngokwanele.
Ukuziphatha, indawo kanye nokuphilisana
El ukuziphatha komphakathi Imvelo yezinhlanzi ze-sea urchin inikeza ama-nuances abalulekile. Ngenkathi besendle bavame ukugcina ukuziphatha kwabo ngabodwa, ekuthunjweni bangakhombisa ilukuluku lokuziphatha kumnakekeli wabo, bahlobanise ubukhona babo nethuba lokudla. Naphezu kokuba izilwane ezithandanayo, zikhombisa a indawo eqinile ezifanekiseni ezinobukhulu obufanayo noma i-morphology, njengezinye izinhlanzi zezingungumbane, i-puffer fish noma i-boxfish, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukubeka abantu abambalwa bezinhlobo ezifanayo ethangini elilodwa.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-porcupinefish igcina isimo sengqondo esinokuthula, nakuba igodlile futhi ayivamile ukuba nobudlova kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingahlobene. Kodwa-ke, lapho bezizwa besongelwa noma becindezelwe, bangakwazi ukukhipha imigogodla yabo ngokumangazayo futhi bakhulule, ngolwelwesi lwamafinyila olumboze isikhumba sabo, into enobuthi noma amafinyila anobuthiLe ngxube yamakhemikhali, efana ncamashi naleyo ekhishwa i-boxfish, iklanyelwe ukuxosha izilwane ezidla ezinye, kodwa endaweni evalekile njenge-aquarium, ingaba yingozi kakhulu kubo bonke abanye abahlala ethangini, ibangele nokufa kwenqwaba yezinye izinhlanzi uma isenzo singathathwa ngokushesha.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwethula i-sea urchin ku-aquarium yakho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhambisana kwezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nekhono layo lokukhulula ubuthi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, futhi uma kukhona ubuthi butholakala, kuhle ukudlulisa izinhlanzi ezisele. de peces kwenye i-aquarium futhi wenze ushintsho lwamanzi oluphelele ukubuyisela imvelo. Lezi ziqephu azivamile, kodwa zingenzeka uma isilwane sizizwa sisongelwa noma siphathwa kabi.
Ukondla: ukudla kwemvelo nokuthunjwa
La ukudla kwe-sea urchin fish I-omnivorous, futhi ithanda ngokucacile izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezinamagobolondo aqinile, ikakhulukazi ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusk. Basebenzisa izinyo lazo elinamandla, elinezimpondo, elifana ne-parrot ukuchoboza amagobolondo kalula futhi bafinyelele izingxenye ezithambile zesilwane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuba ngokuphelele Ukuhlalisana nezilwane ezingenamgogodla zokuhlobisa akuhambisani, njengama-crabs, ama-shrimp, iminenke noma ama-mollusk amancane, njengoba azobonakala njengokudla futhi adliwe ngokushesha.
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, ziphinde zidle izinhlanzi ezincane, izikelemu, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zidla izinto zezitshalo. Ekuthunjweni, i-porcupinefish idla kakhulu futhi yamukela cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla:
- Amagobolondo nama-crustaceans okuphelele (izimfanzi, imbaza, i-clam)
- Izingcezu zezinhlanzi ezimhlophe
- Ukudla okuqandisiwe noma ukudla kwasolwandle namapuree ezinhlanzi
- Ama-granules noma izinti eziqondiswe ngqo izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezidla inyama
Kunconywa kakhulu ukubanikeza ama-bivalves nama-crustaceans aqoshiwe, njengoba ukuguga okubangelwa ukuluma uqhwaku kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula ngokweqile kwalesi sitho, ukuphazamiseka okungenza ukudla kube nzima futhi kubangele izinkinga zempilo. Ukuze uthole imibono eyengeziwe, ungabheka futhi isihloko sethu kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile njenge-razorfish.
Naphezu kokudla kwabo, inhlanzi ye-porcupine Azihambelani nezilwane zasemanzini ezigcwele izilwane ezingenamgogodla. namadwala, kodwa kufanele agcinwe emathangeni lapho ukuhlobisa kuqukethe ikakhulukazi amatshe aphilayo noma izinto zokwenziwa. Ukuzigcina ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini anezinye izinhlobo zobukhulu obufanayo kanye nomoya ozolile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.
Imingcele yamanzi kanye nezimo ezifanele ze-aquarium
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle, uma zijwayelana nezimo ezishisayo nezishisayo, zidinga a izimo zamanzi ezinembe kakhulu ukuze uqinisekise inhlalakahle yakho futhi uvimbele izifo:
- Inani elincane le-aquariumOkufanelekile kungabi ngaphansi kwamalitha angama-300 wezibonelo zabantu abadala, nakuba ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu ithangi elingamalitha angama-500 noma ngaphezulu lingadingeka.
- Ukushisa: Phakathi kuka-25 no-28 ºC, igcina ukuzinza ngaphakathi kwalolu bubanzi.
- Ukuminyana (usawoti): Phakathi kuka-1.020 no-1.024 wezinhlobo zamanzi ashisayo, okungcono azinzile.
- pH: Phakathi kuka-8 no-8,4, ukugwema ukushintshashintsha okushiwo.
- Izinga le-carbonate (KH): Ngaphezu kuka-7 dKH ukukhuthaza impilo yamathambo kanye nokugcinwa komgogodla.
- Ukugxila kwe-calcium ne-magnesium: Amazinga e-calcium aphezulu angu-400 kuya ku-450 ppm kanye ne-magnesium phakathi kuka-1300 no-1350 ppm, afana nalawo anconyelwe amakhorali.
- Izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen: Ukungabi khona kwe-ammonia ne-nitrites, kanye nokugxila kwe-nitrate okuphansi kakhulu, okungaphansi kwama-20 ppm. I-Porcupinefish izwela kakhulu ukungalingani kwe-nitrogen.
La ukuhlunga kufanele kube oversized futhi isekelwa umshushuluzi osebenza kahle kakhulu, njengoba ukugcwala kwalezi zinhlanzi kungabangela ukwanda okusheshayo kodoti wezinto eziphilayo. Kunconywa ukwenza ukushintsha kwamanzi ngo-20-25% njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili ukugcina izinga kanye nokuzinza kwendawo yasemanzini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-porcupine, naphezu kokuqina kwazo okujwayelekile, Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ne-exophthalmia (ukukhishwa kwama-eyeballs) uma izimo zamanzi zingafaneleki, futhi zingase ziholele ekulahlekelweni kombono. Isihluthulelo sokuvimbela lezi zinkinga ukuphatha ngokuqinile izinga lamanzi kanye nokubhekwa njalo kwesilwane.
Ukunakekela nokuphatha okunesibopho ku-aquariophilia
El ukugcinwa de peces i-sea urchin ekuthunjweni Kudinga uchungechunge lokucatshangelwa kwangaphambili ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yayo kanye neyabo bonke abakhileyo be-aquarium:
- Ungabethuli ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini anezilwane ezingenamgogodla noma ezinye izinhlanzi ezi-spiny zomndeni ofanayo.
- Gwema ukuphatha nokucindezeleka ngokweqile: Ukuzama ukukuthatha kungabangela ukuqunjelwa kanye nokukhishwa kobuthi obuyingozi.
- Gada ukuthuthukiswa koqhwaku: nikela njalo inyamazane enamagobolondo aqinile ukuze uqinisekise ukuguga okufanele.
- Gada amazinga enhlanganisela ye-nitrogen futhi wenze ukunakekelwa njalo.
- Qinisekisa izindawo zokukhosela ezinamadwala aphilayo ahlelekile, ugweme imihlobiso ecijile noma engazinzile engase ilimaze izinhlanzi noma ibangele ukuba igingqike phezu kwezinto lapho ikhuphukile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-porcupinefish ayibonisi i-dimorphism yobulili, ayikwazi ubulili kalula, ngakho-ke, ukuzalanisa okuthunjiwe akuzange kwenzeke ngenxa yobunzima bokukhulisa izibungu ze-planktonic. Zonke izibonelo zezentengiselwano zibanjwe obala, isizathu sokuziphatha sokwazisa ukuzibophezela nokuzibophezela lapho usithola.
Izici zohlelo lokuzivikela: ameva nobuthi
Isistimu yokuzivikela ye-sea urchin ingenye yezilwane zasemanzini eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ehlanganisa ukusebenza komzimba kwemisipha yayo nokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Lapho isilwane sizizwa sisongelwa:
- Imunca amanzi (noma umoya ongaphezulu) futhi ikhukhumale ngokuphindwe kathathu ubukhulu bayo, iphakamise imigogodla futhi ibe yinto engenakwenzeka ngezilwane eziningi ezizingelayo ukuba zigwinye.
- Ikhipha amafinyila anobuthi esikhunjeni sayo, ikhemikhali exosha okungenzeka izitha futhi ingabangela ubuthi obukhulu kwezinye izinhlanzi emathangeni avaliwe.
Le nqubo ekabili ivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukumelana nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu ngosayizi. isimo sokuvuvukala singagcinwa isikhathi eside, futhi nakuba inciphisa ukukwazi kwayo ukuhambahamba, ayikuphiki ngokuphelele, ivumela izinhlanzi ukuba zisuke kancane kancane endaweni eyingozi kuyilapho igcina izivikelo zayo zisebenza.
Ezindaweni zasekhaya, lo mshini kufanele uqondwe njengempendulo yokucindezeleka okwedlulele. Abanikazi kufanele bagweme izimo ezingase ziholele kulokhu: bagweme ukuphatha izinhlanzi ngokungenasidingo, banikeze izindawo zokukhosela eziphephile, futhi bagweme ukuhlalisana nezinye izinhlobo ezingase zixabane.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ziyizinhlobo zenani elikhulu lemvelo nelokuhlobisa, ezinikezwe ubuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuzivikela. Nakuba zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nempilo yokuthunjwa futhi zibone ngisho nabanikazi bazo, zidinga indawo evulekile, imingcele eqinile yamanzi, nokudla okuhlukahlukene okuvumela ukugqokwa koqhwaku okufanele. Ikhono labo lokukhulula ubuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezela kakhulu lidinga ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwabalingani bamathangi kanye nokuqapha okuseduze kwemvelo. Ukugcina esinye salezi zibonelo kuwumthwalo omkhulu, kodwa futhi kuyisipiliyoni esicebisa kakhulu i-aquarist ezinikele.
