Namuhla kufanele sikhulume ngenhlanzi ethile exotic. Imayelana ne- izinhlanzi ze-san pedro. Kuyaziwa ngegama elijwayelekile lezinhlanzi zaseSan Martín futhi igama lalo lesayensi ngu UZeus Faber. Kungokwesigaba se-teleosts futhi kubhekwa njengesibiliboco se-gastronomy, yize, njengoba kungaziwa kangako ngezinhlobo, akusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi iqoqa a isiko elicebile lamagama endawo: I-Sanmartiño, I-San Martin, I-Gallopedro, Inyongo yaseSant Pere, inyongo mari, Muxu Martin, I-Oiarra o UMartina, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, Ibala elimnyama emaceleni ayo laliyoba izigxivizo zeminwe zomphostoli ngemva kokukhipha uhlamvu lwemali emlonyeni wayo ukuze ikhokhe intela, indaba ethandwayo eye yathuthukisa idumela layo “njengenhlanzi yasenganekwaneni.”
Asambe Funda kabanzi mayelana noJohn Dory!
Izici eziyinhloko
Le nhlanzi inomzimba ominyene ngokweqile futhi i-oval. Umbala u-olive-yellow sengathi ifakwe emafutheni. Ungaqaphela a iphethini yomugqa ongajwayelekile ngamathoni asagolide-ophuzi ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni ngenkulu indawo eyindilinga emnyama emaceleni ayo, evame ukucatshangelwa ngokumhlophe noma okuphuzi. I umugqa oseceleni Iyabonakala futhi imise okokukhanya S, okuwukuphela kwendawo lapho zivela khona izikali ezincane esikhumbeni esincanyana kakhulu.
Ikhanda likhulu kunokuvamile futhi linayo amagquma amathamboNakuba ikhanda likhulu namehlo alo nawo amakhulu, alo umlomo omude Ingakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ukuncela inyamazane futhi ifakwe amazinyo amancane. I-dorsal fin side kakhulu, nge phakathi kwe-9 kanye ne-11 imisebe ye-spiny, kanye nephiko lendunu liyanikeza 4 imisebe ye-spiny; i-caudal fin incane, yakhiwe imisebe ethambile, futhi amaphiko e-pelvic athi side.
Ziyizinhlanzi okuthi uma sezifinyelele ukuvuthwa ngokocansi zithuthuke imicu ende ngemuva kwephiko lomhlana. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengenkomba yabacwaningi abazama ukutadisha uhlobo lwezilwane futhi banqume isigaba saso. Inezikali ezincane, nakuba kwezinye izinhlobo zingabonakali; endabeni yamaSaint Peter's, atholakala ikakhulukazi emugqeni ongaseceleni.
Amehlo aphuzi ngokugqamile futhi amakhala esondelene kakhulu futhi esondelene. Kujwayelekile ukuthi Iminyaka yabo yokuphila icishe ibe yiminyaka eyi-12 nokuthi ifinyelela kulesi sikhathi ubude obujwayelekile buyi-30-40 cm, nakuba ingafinyelela amasayizi amakhulu asondele ku-65-70 cm futhi nxazonke Isisindo esingu-5kg ezibonelweni ezihlukile. Inokuziphatha okuzimele, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonakale ukwakha amaqembu amancane kufika kuma-specimens angu-6 noma angu-7, okuthile okuvame kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana noma uma ehlotshaniswa nezikole ze-sardines noma i-herring.
Isici esiyinhloko esenza le nhlanzi igqame ukubukeka kwayo okungathandeki. Hhayi ngoba kubi, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kubukeka, kungaze kubonakale isikhathi eside Njengoba abadobi nabathengi bengazange bazihluphe ngokuyibamba, kwakuvamile ukubamba ezinye izinhlanzi ezifana ne-hake, i-snapper, ne-sardine. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izidlo eziningi ziye zazama inyama yayo enhle futhi ziye zancoma i-John Dory njengenye yezibiliboco ezimnandi kakhulu. Inyama yayo ithambile, icolekile futhi imhlophe futhi uma idliwa ithambisa ulwanga kakhulu, ngokuthungwa okufana ne-turbot noma i-sole.
Ibanga nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinhlanzi zingatholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini ukuya phakathi nokujula. Ngokwemvelo, ziyabhekwa izinhlanzi zasogwini ze-benthopelagic, okusho ukuthi, ahamba eduze nangaphansi kodwa futhi nasohlwini lwamanzi. Zivame ukutholakala phakathi kwe-10 ne-50 m, nakuba zivame kuze kube 200 m futhi sebebhalisiwe ukubonakala kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-360-400 m ejulile. Ivamise ukuzingela inyamazane yayo ingabonwa, njengoba izimbela esihlabathini esingaphansi kolwandle bese ikhuphukela phezulu noma ihamba kancane igobe amaphiko ukuze imangaze inyamazane yayo.
Indawo yayo yokusabalalisa ihlanganisa empumalanga ye-Atlantic (kusuka ezindaweni ezibandayo zasenyakatho yeYurophu kuya emanzini apholile aseNingizimu Afrika), iMedithera kanye noLwandle Olumnyamakanye izifunda zase-Indian kanye ne-Pacific Ocean. Itholakala nasemanzini we Australia, Japan kanye New Zealand, lapho kuvame khona kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamanzi apholile.
Singathola kalula le nhlanzi eSpain ukusuka komunye umkhawulo wenhlonhlo kuya komunye. Uma sifuna ukudla le nhlanzi, singase sidideke ngoba iyemukela amagama ahlukene kuye ngendawoIsibonelo, ezweni laseBasque laziwa ngokuthi Muxu MartinKule ndawo iyaziwa futhi idliwe ngokuba inhlanzi ehlwabusayo, futhi iphinde iphendule amagama anjengokuthi I-Sanmartiño, I-Gallopedro o Gallo ngokwesiko lendawo.
Ngokuqondene nendawo yokuhlala, i- Izinhlanzi ezisencane zivame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamadwala nezimfunda zasolwandle njenge-posidonia, lapho bethola khona indawo yokuhlala nokudla, kuyilapho abantu abadala Bakhetha okungaphansi kwesihlabathi noma okuxubile lapho ukufihla kwayo kuphumelela kakhulu ekuzingeleni.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi iSan Pedro
Nakuba le nhlanzi ingase ingabonakali ingethuki kakhulu, Itholakala phezulu ochungechungeni lokudla, kanye nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwabo kusekelwe ezinye izinhlanzi zezinhlobo ezahlukene nasesigabeni sentsha. Phakathi kwezinto azithandayo zemenyu kukhona ama-sardine, ama-anchovies kanye ne-herring (umndeni wakwaClupeidae), kanye nama-gadoid amancane njengama-pouts. Uma lezi zinhlanzi zingakutholi ukudla ezikuthandayo, zingase zisebenzise okunye ukudla okufana nalokhu umabhebhana (i-cuttlefish ne-squid), crustaceans njengezimfanzi futhi ngezinye izikhathi izikelemu zasolwandle.
Ukuze izingele inyamazane yayo isebenzisa amasu amabili ayinhloko. Okokuqala, ukuqamekela: izimbela phansi olwandle ukuze ingabonakali futhi imangaze inyamazane yayo. Uma izingcwaba, ishiya yayo kuphela i-crest noma i-dorsal spines njenge- “hook” ebonakalayo ukuze enye inhlanzi ilume; kungaleso sikhathi iveza umlomo wayo njengeshubhu futhi imunca inyamazane nge-snap enamandla.
Enye iteknoloji ukuhamba kancane: isondela kancane kakhulu futhi, uma ikwibanga elifanele, agxume agwinye inhloso yayo ngomlomo wayo onqamukile. Ngenxa yayo umzimba omncane kakhulu obonakala ngaphambili, akuyona inhlanzi esheshayo, kodwa kunjalo inembe kakhulu ekuqondiseni, emvumela ukuthi asondele ngaphandle kokusola.
Ukwakheka komlomo wakho kanye ne ithambo le-premaxillary Bakhuthaza ukumuncwa okuphumelelayo bese amanzi ekhishwa ngamagill. amehlo amakhulu endaweni ephakeme hlinzeka ngombono omuhle wokujula wokubala ibanga lokuhlasela. Ibala eliseceleni lingadlala indima futhi inkohliso ebonakalayo ngokumelene nezisulu kanye nezimbangi ezingase zibe khona.
Ukuzala
Lezi zinhlanzi zithatha isikhathi eside ukukhula futhi zikwazi ukuzala. Kujwayelekile ukuthi bathathe phakathi kweminyaka engama-3 kuye kwengama-4 ngokukwazi ukuba nenzalo yabo. Enye inkomba yokuvuthwa kwazo ubude bazo. Kufanele zibe phakathi kuka-29 no-35 cm ukwazi ukuthi zilungele ukukhiqizwa kabusha, ngezilinganiso zokuthi kwezinye izindawo zibeka ubukhulu nxazonke 35-40 cm, ukucabanga ukuhlukahluka kwesifunda.
Bazalana nge-oviparously. Owesifazane khulula amaqanda emanzini, okuthi kamuva kuhlanganiswe owesilisa lapho ekhipha isidoda. Indawo lapho zivame ukuzala futhi zizalele khona amanzi angashoni kakhulu, cishe amamitha ayi-100. Ngokusho kokubonwa ezindaweni ezahlukene, Amaqanda nezibungu kungase kuhlale kuhlotshaniswa nephansi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwabo kwasekuqaleni, beya emanzini avulekile kakhulu njengoba bezuza ikhono lokubhukuda.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokuvamile ivela ku- izinyanga ezifudumele, lapho ukudla kuningi. Kuye ngezinga lokushisa lamanzi, inqubo yokuvundisa ingase isheshe; emanzini afudumele, Umsebenzi wokuzala ungabonwa kusukela entwasahlobo. Izibonelo ezincane ziyahamba amabanga amade baze bathole indawo ekahle yokubekela amaqanda abo; ngakolunye uhlangothi, abadala Bahlala bethembekile ezindaweni ezithile ukwenza ukubeka.
Uma sebezalele amaqanda abo, ukwandisa kakhulu umsebenzi wabo wokondla, ebuye ichaze inkathi yokuzala. Ngokwemvelo, yabo izilwane ezidla ezinye eziyinhloko Bahlanganisa oshaka abahlala ngaphansi njenge-sand shark nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinamathambo, ngakho ukugcina amasu okufihla kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuzingela kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yabo.
Inani lokudla okunempilo nezimfanelo ze-gastronomic
UJohn Dory uyinhlanzi inyama emhlophe enamafutha amancane, yaziswa kakhulu ngayo ukuthungwa okuqinile nokuthambile kanye nalo Ukunambitheka okubushelelezi. Ngokwemibandela yokudla okunempilo, inikeza amaprotheni enani eliphakeme lezinto eziphilayo namafutha okumaphakathi-okuphansi, ngamavelu wamandla angabekwa cishe 75-95 kcal nge-100 g kuye ngocezu nokusikwa.
Kunikela amavithamini eqembu B (ikakhulukazi i-B3, B6, B9 kanye ne-B12) kanye namaminerali afana i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-sodium ne-iodine. Ngokuqukethwe kwayo kwe sodium ne-cholesterol (cishe 150 mg/100 g wenyama kwamanye amatafula), Kutuswa ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekudleni okukhethekile kwe-hypertension noma i-dyslipidemia, njalo ukulandela imihlahlandlela yobungcweti. Ngokuvamile, inhlanzi kufanelekile ukudla okulinganiselayo futhi yaziswa kakhulu abasubathi nemindeni.
Kusukela kumbono we-organoleptic, yayo inyama emhlophe nebushelelezi okukhumbuza i-turbot noma i-sole. ingxenye edliwayo icishe ibe ngu-50% yesisindo ngemva kokukhipha ikhanda, amaphiko namathambo, kanjalo mayelana nama-200 g wenyama ehlanzekile isidlo ngasinye iyireferensi ewusizo; ngenxa yalokho, ucezu mayelana I-1 kg imvamisa yanele abantu ababiliI-spines igxile endaweni yesisu futhi, nakuba ingenazo izikali ezibonakalayo, Inazo izikali emugqeni ongaseceleni, okwenza kube lula ukulungiselela.
Indlela yokukhetha futhi uyipheke
Ukuze uthenge iSan Pedro ngokungcono kakhulu, bheka isikhumba esicwebezelayo esimpunga noma esinombala womnqumo, ama-ridges aqinile, amehlo agqamile namagill futhi a iphunga elithambile lolwandleBuza kumthengisi wezinhlanzi ukusikeka ngokuthanda kwakho (ezinkalweni, izingcezu noma amathumbu) futhi ukhumbule ukuthi ubusha buyisihluthulelo sokubona lokho kuhluka okumnandi okuwuphawu.
Ekhishini, isebenza ngokuphelele amalungiselelo alula abahlonipha ukunambitheka kwabo: eyosiwe ngamafutha omnqumo nolamula, kubhakwa namazambane okubhaka, isitayela saseGalician, esishubile noma singaphakathi iphepha ukugcina amajusi nezakhi. Ama-breading fillets a inketho elungele izingane, nezinsalela zayo nameva kukhona kuhle kakhulu kuma-broths noma ama-fumets. Gcina engqondweni ukunikela: ukuba yinyama eqinile necolekileyo, Kungcono ukungapheki kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuthi ukoma.
Izimpahla zokudoba kanye nokusimama
I-San Pedro ibanjwe ngokuhlukile izinto zokudoba. I ubuciko bendabuko njenge trammel inetha, the umugqa omude noma i ukudoba ngezindobo ahlotshaniswa ne- izibonelo zekhwalithi ephezulu ngenxa yokukhethwa nokuphathwa kwezinhlanzi. Ingavela futhi ekubanjweni kwe amanetha okudobaUma unentshisekelo yokusimama, buza mayelana ne imvelaphi, lo talla futhi i ubuciko abaqashiwe, bese ulandela izincomo zendawo ubuncane bosayizi futhi bamba izinkathi.
Ekuphathweni kwemboni yokudoba, its usayizi wokuqala wokuvuthwa Ngokuvamile itholakala phakathi 29 futhi 40cm ngokwezibalo zabantu. Ukuhlola imithetho yamanje endaweni yangakini kusiza ukukhuthaza a ukusetshenziswa okufanele. Emhlabeni jikelele, isimo sabantu bakhona singahluka ngokwendawo, ngokuhlolwa okukhombisa ngokomlando ulwazi olunganele ezindaweni ezithile, kanjalo ukulandeleka kanye nokuthenga unolwazi zibalulekile.
Izinhlanzi zikaJohn Dory, noma UZeus Faber, ifingqa njengabanye abambalwa ibhalansi phakathi i-biology emangalisayo, esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa ukuzingela futhi a inani elivelele le-gastronomicUkuqonda izici zabo ezihlukile, ukudla, nendawo yokuhlala, kanye nemikhuba emihle yokuthenga nokupheka, kukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ngokugcwele izinhlanzi zekhwalithi eyingqayizivele kuyilapho uthuthukisa ubudlelwano obunenhlonipho eyengeziwe nendawo yasolwandle.