Ukufiphala kwenhlanzi Kuyaziwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezimbi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Igama layo lesayensi ngu Ama-Psychrolute marcidus futhi itholakala ekujuleni kolwandle. Yakho ukuthungwa kwe-gelatinous Kwenza kube inhlanzi exakile futhi enelukuluku, kanye nesabekayo. Kubukeka sengathi kwakuwuhlobo oluthile lwenunu yasolwandle.
Kulesi sihloko uzokwazi zonke izimfihlo ze-blot fish, kusukela lapho ehlala khona kuye ezithakazelweni zakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu. Uyafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngaye?
Izici eziyinhloko
Le nhlanzi ine ukubukeka okuyinqaba impela uma kubhekwa uhlobo lwesikhumba enaso. Kufana ne-jellyfish. Ubude bayo obujwayelekile buvamise ukuba cishe 30 cm (enezifanekiso ezingadlula kancane lesi sibalo), ngakho-ke akuyona enkulu kunazo zonke ogwini lolwandle, kodwa iyamangalisa ngenxa yokuma kwayo. Idinga isikhumba sayo esifana nejeli ukuze iphile endaweni enomfutho ophakeme ongaphansi kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, uma ifika phezulu, njengoba ingenawo ukucindezela kwamanzi ekujuleni, wonke ujeli "uwa" nomzimba ulahlekelwa ukuma kwawo.
Yinhlanzi leyo ayinawo amandla ngenxa yokuminyana kwayo okuphansi kanye nokuncipha kwemisipha. Kuye kwadingeka ukuzivumelanisa phakathi neminyaka kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kulolu hlobo lwendawo lapho ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli nezakhamzimba ziyindlala. Ekuqaleni, lapho kunemibono embalwa edlulayo, ososayensi baqala ukungabaza ukuba khona kwayo, ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuxakile. Ingaphezu kwenhlanzi yangempela, yayibukeka njengombono webhayisikobho.
Mayelana ne-morphology yayo, sithola a ikhanda elikhulu okuyisiza ukuthi intante kangcono, kuhlanganiswe nokuminyana kwayo okuphansi kanye nezimpiko eziwumngcingo. Ukubukeka kwayo kuba kubi nakakhulu lapho ubona ikhala layo elikhulu, elimise okweconsi lamanzi njengoba liwa. Ngakho, le nhlanzi yaziwa nangokuthi lahla inhlanziAmehlo nawo ane-gelatinous texture futhi abukeka njengezinkinobho zehembe elimnyama.
Su ukuminyana komzimba okuphansi kanye nesisindo, izisiza ukuba zintante futhi zihlale ziphila ekujuleni kolwandle. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, akanaso isinye sokubhukuda efanayo naye inhlanzi yegoblin. Isinye sokubhukuda yisitho izinhlanzi eziningi ezifanayo kuso futhi esisebenza ukuqhubeka nokuntanta ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwenza noma yimuphi umzamo wokuhlala emanzini. Izinhlanzi ze-smudge, ezinesisindo esiphansi kakhulu nesikhumba esimweni se-jelly, asidingi lesi sitho ukuqhubeka nokuhlala olwandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungokwe-oda Ama-Scorpaeniformes nomndeni I-Psychrolutidae, iqembu de peces Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezijulile ezinamathambo alula nemisipha encane. Endaweni yayo yemvelo, inhlanzi igcina i-silhouette ehlangene futhi ayibukeki njengekhubazekile; i-deformation ibonakala phezulu Kungumphumela wokuwohloka nokungabi bikho kokucindezela kwangaphandle okugcina ukwakheka kwawo olwandle.
Ukujwayela imvelo yasolwandle
Izinhlanzi ezihlala ekujuleni okukhulu kufanele zibekezele izingcindezi zamanzi eziphezuluI-blobfish isungule uhlobo olukhethekile lwesikhumba oluvumelana nakho konke ukuphazamiseka okutholakala kulezi zindawo. Ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli kuyo noma kufinyelela kancane kakhulu, ngakho le ndawo iyi-a umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokusindaI-blobfish iyakwazi ukuphila kulokhu kujula ngenxa yohlobo lwesikhumba sayo kanye nokuminyana okuphansi.
Enye yezinguqulo zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu yi- buoyancy eduze-neutral: inyama yayo, enesisindo esingaphansi kancane kunamanzi, kanye nokutholakala kwezicubu ezithambile (ezinamanzi amaningi kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-lipid) kuyayivumela ukuba zulazula ngokuzikhandla Ezingeni lolwandle. Ngokungasebenzisi isinye sokubhukuda (esingawa ekujuleni okukhulu), igwema ukutshala amandla ekulawuleni indawo yaso futhi inciphisa ingozi yokulimala ngenxa yoshintsho lwengcindezi.
Ibhekwa njengenhlanzi embi kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngoba, uma ifika phezulu, ijeli esemzimbeni wayo iyathamba futhi ibukeke njengokukhubazeka okufana nomuntu ongaphandle komhlaba kunenhlanzi evamile emhlabeni wethu. Ngokuqondene namazinga okushisa, ikhululekile kakhulu ezindaweni lapho amazinga okushisa ezungezile 2 kuya ku-9 ºC, okujwayelekile kwe amanzi apholile lokujula okukhulu.
Emgogodleni wayo, i-anatomy yayo ifana ne-tadpole enkulu: ikhanda elibomvu, amehlo amnyama kanye nezimpiko ze-pectoral eziyisiza. ancike embhedeni noma ukwenza izinguquko ezincane ze-postural. Uhlaka lwamathambo abo lulula, lunamathambo aqinile, futhi imisipha yawo iyancipha, okuhambisana necebo ukonga amandla ngokwedlulele.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ehudulelwa phezulu, ukuwohloka okungazelelwe kubangela ukuba isikhumba sakhe sikhululeke, izici zakhe zihlanekezele futhi izicubu ze-gelatinous zikhululeke. ziwa phansi, ukudala ukubukeka okudumile okwahamba ngegciwane emhlabeni wonke ezithombeni.
Indawo nendawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo
Uhla lwe-blobfish ludlulela emanzini ajulile phakathi kogu lwengxenye yezwekazi Australia y Tasmania. Kulezi zindawo lapho inala yayo inkulu kakhulu, nakuba kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona. Ibuye ibonakale ibhukuda ekujuleni kwamanzi ase I-New Zealand.
Njengoba uyinhlanzi ehlala ekujuleni, kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona engenazo izinto ezanele zokwehlela olwandle. Singayithola ekujuleni phakathi 600 namamitha ayi-1200, nemibiko ikubeka endaweni 400 ngokushesha 1700 amamitha kuye ngendawo nezimo zendawo. Uma uke watshuza emanzini, uzoqaphela ukuthi umfutho wamanzi ukhuphuka kakhulu njengoba sicwila. Cabanga ngengcindezi okufanele ibe ngamamitha ayi-1200.
Kungumusa benthic (okuhlobene ngezansi), ekhetha indawo ephansi ethambile kanye nemithambeka yezwekazi lapho izinto eziphilayo ezilengayo zinganikeza amathuba okuphakela. Ngokwemibandela ye-biogeographic, kuyacatshangelwa i-endmic ukusuka esifundeni sase-Australia (namarekhodi asogwini asuka ezindaweni ezifana neBroken Bay eNew South Wales ukuya eNingizimu Australia naseTasmania) kanye nesifunda saseNew Zealand ngezinhlobo zesakhiwo esifanayo.
Kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi igama elithi "blobfish" lingabhekisa kulo Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene womndeni we-Psychrolutidae. Ngenkathi Ama-Psychrolute marcidus Ihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko ne-Australia kanye neTasmania, isihlobo sayo I-Psychrolutes micropores Kuye kwabhalwa emanzini ka I-New ZealandLe mininingwane ichaza okunye ukudideka ezithombeni nasekubonweni okwabiwe kwabezindaba nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Ukudla nokuziphatha
Ukudla kwayo kuyahlukahluka naphezu kwezimo ehlala kuzo. Kungenzeka ikwazi ukudla yonke into engayidla, njengoba ukudla kuyindlala kulezi zindawo zasolwandle. Noma yimuphi umzimba lokho ntanta eduze yayo noma imisiwe emanzini isebenza njengokudla. Ama-urchins olwandle, amanani amakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo ze ama-molluscs y crustaceans ziyingxenye yokudla kwazo okuhlukahlukene.
Ukuntuleka kwemisipha akusona isithiyo sokudla, ngoba ikakhulukazi idla noma iyiphi into edliwayo edlula ngaphambili, ngokuncamela ama-deep-sea crustaceans kanye neminenke encane yasolwandle. Leli qhinga liwuhlobo lwezilwane ezidla ezinye ezijulile zolwandle bacathama bengaxoshi ngenkuthalo, ukonga amandla aze afike ezingeni eliphezulu.
Yize ingenawo amazinyo asetshenziselwa ukugaya ukudla ngaphambi kokukufaka esiswini, ayinankinga nokugaya. uhlelo lokugaya Ithuthukisiwe futhi inamandla amakhulu okugqwala okuhlanganisa konke ukudla okugwinyisiwe.
Ngokuziphatha, inhlanzi ecishiwe iyanyakaza ubuncane obungenalutho. Ivamise ukuhlala iqhwakele phansi noma imisiwe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, izivumela ukuthi ithwalwe imisinga futhi yenze umnyakazo omfishane ngamaphiko e-pectoral. Lokhu kuhamba kancane a isu lokusinda endaweni entula izinsiza.
I-physiology yabo ishuniwe ukuze ukuminyana kwabo sondelana kakhulu emanzini azungezile, ukuwavumela ukuthi ahambe kalula futhi agweme ama-oscillations amakhulu aqondile. Lokhu kubhuza okuzinzile kunxephezela ukungabikho kwesinye sokubhukuda kanye ukuqina okulinganiselwe yamathambo akhe.
Izinsongo ze-smudge fish
Ividiyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCNv6uq278c
Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlanzi zihlala ekujuleni okukhulu azisongelwa muntu. Nokho, basengozini ngenxa isandla somuntu. Inqubo ye udoti ophansi iyakwazi ukufinyelela ekujuleni okunjalo futhi ngezinye izikhathi izibonelo ze-blobfish zibanjwa ngephutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zezibonelo azibanjwa kuphela, kodwa ibhubhisa indawo yokuhlala lapho abahlala khona.
Ngezinye izikhathi, imisinga ebangelwa yilezi zikebhe zokudoba iyiyisa kokunye ukujula limaza umzimba wakho futhi kunciphisa izinga labo lokusinda. Ngisho nalapho zibuyiselwa olwandle, ukucindezeleka kokucindezeleka nokulimala ngokomzimba kungabangela ningamelani ukubuyela phansi.
Akukacaci ukuthi inani labantu bakhona liningi noma lincane, ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba wabo ojulile kunzima ukuwufunda. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka indawo yokusabalalisa elinganiselwe kanye nokubanjwa okuphindaphindiwe kusikisela ukuthi noma iyiphi ingcindezi eqhubekayo ingase ithinte imiphakathi yabo. Izinyathelo ezifana khawulela ukuhudula ezindaweni ezibucayi kanye nokuvikela imithambeka enobungozi obuphezulu be-benthic kungasiza ukunciphisa umthelela.
Ngaphezu ukudoba, izinsongo global ezifana i-acidification futhi i ukufudumeza zolwandle zingashintsha ukutholakala kokudla, amakhemikhali amanzi kanye nesakhiwo sezindawo ezijulile, okuthinta izinhlobo ezivumelaniswe nezinga lokushisa elizinzile kakhulu.
Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-blobfish akuzange kubhalwe ngemininingwane ngenxa yobunzima bokuyibona endaweni yayo. Nokho, emndenini wePsychrolutidae, abanye baye bachazwa. izalela izinkulungwane zamaqanda efakwe emadwaleni noma kwamanye ama-substrates angaphansi. Okunye ukuqaphela kubonisa ukuthi abesifazane bangahlangana ndawonye futhi isidleke sisondelene, ngokunokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kwamaqanda.
Kungenzeka ukukhombisa isu loku ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile nokuphila isikhathi eside, njengoba kunjalo ngezinhlanzi eziningi zasolwandle. Le phethini isho ukululama kancane kakhulu lapho kubhekene nemithelela yokudoba noma ukuphazamiseka kwendawo, ngakho ukufa okuphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane kungashiya umkhondo amashumi eminyaka.
Mayelana nokukhula kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukubukeka kwangempela kwentsha endle akwaziwa. Ukuntuleka kwamarekhodi athembekile kuye kwaholela ezithombeni ezididayo noma ezingaqinisekisiwe ku-inthanethi. Kunengqondo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezihlobene, ukuthi izingane zigcina umumo ohlangene kakhudlwana nokuthi i-gelatinization ephawulwe umzimba ugcizelelwa ukuphila okujulile kwe-benthic.
I-Taxonomy, izinhlobo ezihlobene namasiko athandwayo
Igama elithi "blobfish" lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza kokubili Ama-Psychrolute marcidus kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene eduze emndenini we-Psychrolutidae, njenge I-Psychrolutes microporesLokhu kwehlukahlukana kuchaza ukuthi kungani izithombe nedatha yokusabalalisa ngezinye izikhathi kuxutshwa. Umumo "we-teardrop" kanye nokuwa kwe-gelatinous lapho uphuma emanzini kuyizici ezabiwe phakathi kwalezi zihlobo eziseduze.
Udumo lwakhe lwe-inthanethi lwavela ezithombeni ezithathwe ngaphandle kwendawo yakhe yemvelo, lapho umzimba wakhe uwohloka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwengcindezi. Kulesi simo, yena ubuso be-humanoid nekhala elikhulu kanye nenkulumo exegayo, okwamenza wathola amazwibela afaka isandla ekwandeni kwakhe. Inhlangano yezemfundo eyaziwa kakhulu, i I-Ugly Animal Preservation Society, wawenza waduma ngokuwusebenzisa njengophawu lwesidingo sokuvikela izinhlobo ezingathandeki nayo edlala indima kuma-ecosystem.
Ngisho nemizimba esemthethweni ichaze ukubukeka kwayo ngokuqhathanisa okucacile, okuvusa a unoshobishobi omise okwezinyembezi enenyama ephaphathekile, ephuzi, isikhumba esixegayo, ikhala elikhulu, namehlo amancane anobuhlalu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-iconography yayo idlulele isiko elidumile, ebonakala njengereferensi kumageyimu evidiyo nemidiya yokuzijabulisa, okuqinisa i-aura yayo yokuba kokubili okungaqondakali nokuzwelana.
Curiosities
Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okwesabekayo, ayibi kangako uma itholakala phansi olwandle. Lokhu kungenxa ye- izinguquko zengcindezi emanzini. Ngenxa yokuthi inengcindezi encane uma ifika phezulu, ithatha ukubukeka okune-gelatinous futhi okukhubazekile ngandlela thize.
- Akusebenzi nhlobo. Lezi zinhlanzi zinesidina kakhulu. Ngokungabi nokuningi kokukwenza, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kubaholele ekwazini ukonga amandla.
- Njengoba ingenayo amathambo aminyene ni amazinyo, ayikwazi ukudla.
- Akudliwayo. Njengoba ifinyelela phezulu iya ngokuya iba ne-gelatinous ize ife.
- Ayinayo ukubhukuda isinye ngenxa yomfutho wamanzi endaweni ahlala kuyo. Iyakwazi ukuntanta futhi ibhukude ngaphandle kwayo.
- Igama layo lihlanganisa ndawonye izinhlobo eziningana ezihlobene eduze; okukhulunywe ngakho kakhulu P. marcidus, kodwa kuyashiwo futhi P. micropores emanzini aseNew Zealand.
- "Udumo" lwakhe lwavela ezithombeni ezithathwe emanzini, lapho izicubu ze-gelatinous ulahlekelwa ukwesekwa futhi ikhubaze izici zayo; endaweni yayo, kubukeka njengenhlanzi amanzi ajulile ajwayelekile.
Ngalolu lwazi ungafunda okwengeziwe ngale nhlanzi ekhetheke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okumangalisayo, inhlanzi eboshiwe iyisibonelo se ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokwedlulele: Ihlala ngokuzinza emanzini abandayo angamakhulu amamitha ukujula, isebenzisa izicubu zayo ukuze ihlale inyakaza, futhi ithuthukise imetabolism yayo ukuze isebenzise cishe amandla angekho. Kusebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi impilo ithola izixazululo zokudala ngisho nasemagumbini amnyama kakhulu olwandle.