Inhlanzi Ziyizidalwa ezithakazelisayo, hhayi kuphela ngokuhlukahluka kwazo, kodwa futhi curiosities efihla uhlobo ngalunye lwalo. Ukusuka kokuhlukile kwe-anatomical kuya ekuziphatheni okumangazayo, izinhlanzi zivusa intshisekelo yososayensi nabalandeli bomhlaba wezilwane. Okulandelayo, sizohlola yonke into eyenza umbuso wezinhlanzi uhluke.
Ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo kwezinhlanzi
Emhlabeni kukhona okungaphezu kwalokho Izinhlobo ezingama-32.000 de peces, okubenza babe iqembu elikhulu lezilwane ezinomgogodla. Lezi zilwane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu: izinhlanzi zamathambo, i-cartilaginous (njengoshaka nemisebe) futhi ngaphandle kwemihlathi (njengezibani). Ezinye zinezici ezingavamile kangangokuthi ngeke ukholwe ukuthi zingabezilwane ezifanayo.
Isibonelo, i inhlanzi eyikati inohlelo lwe amadevu ezinzwa okuyivumela ukuthi ifune ukudla emanzini adungekile. Elinye icala eligqamayo ngelika ushaka wesipoki, uhlobo oluhlala emanzini ajulile futhi ukubonakala kwalo okuvusa izinganekwane.
Ukuzijwayeza okuthakazelisayo embusweni wasemanzini
Umzimba wezinhlanzi uklanyelwe shintsha ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Lapha yilapho kudlala khona uchungechunge lokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuyizibonelo ezinhle zokuziphendukela kwemvelo:
- ukubhukuda esinyeni: Ivumela izinhlanzi ukuba zihlale zintanta kalula, kuyilapho ezinye ezintula, njengoshaka, zixhomeke ekubhukudeni njalo.
- Umugqa oseceleni: Lesi sitho sezinzwa sibasiza ukuthi babone ukundindizela emanzini, okubalulekile ekukhulumeni nasekutholeni izilwane ezidla ezinye noma inyamazane.
- I-Camouflage: Izinhlobo ezifana ne-stonefish zisebenzisa imibala nokuthungwa ukuze zinganakwa. Abanye, njenge butterfly fish, awumbukwane obonakalayo phezu kwezixhobo ngenxa yamaphethini nemibala yazo.
Ukuziphatha okunelukuluku kwezenhlalo nokuxhumana
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izinhlanzi zingababhukudi abakhulu, futhi zinamakhono amangalisayo okuxhumana nabantu. Abanye izinhlobo de peces abakhulumisanayo, njengama-cichlid eLake Tanganyika, zisebenzisa izimpawu zamakhemikhali ukuze zidlulisele imiyalezo, into eyaziwa ngokuthi “ukuxhumana ngomchamo.” Lolu hlobo lokuziphatha luqinisa umqondo wokuthi izinhlanzi aziwona ama-automatons alula, kodwa kunalokho izilwane zomphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo ezinjengezinhlanzi zothingo ziyakhula amasu eqembu ukuzivikela nokuzingela, okubavumela ukuba baphile endaweni egcwele izinsongo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe izinhlobo ezimangalisayo, ungavakashela isihloko sethu ku- inhlanzi enkulu, isibonelo esiphilayo sokubambisana okwedlulele.
Amakhono amangalisayo okuqonda
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, izinhlanzi zinazo inkumbulo. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zingakhumbula imizila noma izingozi kuze kube Izinyanga ze-11 ngemva kokuzifunda. I-Goldfish, isibonelo, ingaqeqeshelwa ukwenza amaqhinga alula futhi ibonise amakhono okuqonda afana nalawo ezinye izilwane zasemhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyakwazi vuma kubanakekeli babo, okuqinisa umqondo wokuthi banezinga eliphakeme lokubona nenkumbulo. Ikhono labo lokufunda lidlulela emisebenzini enjengokuvula amagobolondo kusetshenziswa amathuluzi, ukuziphatha okwakuthiwa kwenziwa izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kuphela.
I-puffer fish: ubuhle nobungozi
Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwa kakhulu ilukuluku i-puffer fish, indlela yayo yokuzivikela iwukukhukhumala ukuze yethuse izilwane ezizidlayo. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi amandla abo okufutha kungenzeka ngenxa yokungena ngokushesha kwamanzi noma umoya. Ngokungeziwe kulo mshini onelukuluku, inhlanzi ye-puffer iqukethe a ubuthi obunamandla kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-tetrodotoxin, ebulala izikhathi eziyi-1.200 kune-cyanide, okuyenza ibe esinye sezidalwa ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni.
Uyafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile? Zitholele i- i-razorfish, eyeqa imithetho yemvelo nomzimba wayo omude.
Inhlanzi endizayo emangalisayo
Ungase umangale ukuthola ukuthi ezinye izinhlanzi zingakwazi "ukundiza." Lezi zinhlobo, njengazo Izinhlanzi ezindizayo, anezimpiko ezinde eziwavumela ukuba aphume emanzini ukuze abaleke izilwane ezidla ezinye. Lezi "zindiza" zingafinyelela ku Amamitha angu-200 kude ngenxa yokunyakaza okusheshayo komsila wazo ngenkathi zisemoyeni.
Leli khono loku gxuma kubenza babe omunye wemibukiso ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu yemvelo yasolwandle. Ungafunda kabanzi ngamakhono abo esigabeni sethu mayelana izinhlanzi ezingavamile emhlabeni.
Izinhlanzi ze-Bioluminescent: izibani ebumnyameni
Ekujuleni kolwandle, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungafinyeleli khona, ezinye izinhlanzi zinekhono elimangalisayo khiqiza ukukhanya kwe-bioluminescent. Leli khono elithakazelisayo lingasetshenziselwa ukuheha inyamazane, ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlanzi, noma ngisho nokudida izilwane ezidla ezinye. I-drumfish isebenzisa isakhiwo esikhanyayo ukuze ihehe inyamazane ekufinyeleleni kwayo.
I-Bioluminescence iyisu eliyisihluthulelo sokusinda ezindaweni ezilasha, umhlaba ogcwele imfihlakalo eqhubeka nokumangaza ososayensi.
Ngisho nokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi zansuku zonke kungase kusimangaze uma sibhekisisa. Kusukela ekuzifihleni kwezilwane ezizingelayo kuye kumakhono ahlukile wokuxhumana nabantu, izinhlanzi zisifundisa isifundo kukho ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo izilwane ezimbalwa ezingakwazi ukukufanisa.
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu kepha kufanele ubhale izinto ezixakile ezingaziwa muntu, izingxenye eziyimfihlo zenhlanzi nezici zayo nakho konke okuthakazelisa emhlabeni wasemanzini.