Enkabeni ye-Tropical Eastern Pacific, ezinye iziqhingi ezisolwandle ziye zaba ngokoqobo izindawo ezingcwele zoshakalapho kusengenzeka ukuthi kutholakale izikole ezinkulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye ezicishe zanyamalala kwezinye izindawo. Lezi zindawo zasolwandle zisebenza njengendawo yokugcina yezifanekiselo nezilwane ezisengozini njenge scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini).
IGalapagos (Ecuador), Malpelo (Colombia), Clipperton (France) kanye neRevillagigedo (Mexico) zigqama njengezindawo lapho ukugcwala koshaka nabanye. inhlanzi enesigaxa Lokhu kuyingqayizivele, ngokokunye ukuhlaziya okuphelele kakhulu kuze kube manje kwezilwane ezidla ezinye eMpumalanga yeTropical Pacific. Nakuba lezi zindawo ezigcina ulwandle zimile, izindawo ezivikelwe ezisogwini zibonisa izimpawu ezicacile zokuncipha.
I-Galapagos kanye nebhande lendawo engcwele yoshaka baseLatin America Pacific
I-Galapagos archipelago isungule ngokwayo njenge isizinda somhlaba wonke sokuvikela ushakangobuningi babantu izifunda ezimbalwa zomhlaba ezingakwazi ukufana nazo. Lapho, kunezinhlobo ezinjengoshaka okuthiwa i-hammerhead shark, i-blacktip shark nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla ezinye ezihlala ndawonye, ​​zigcina ukulingana kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Leli bhande lezindawo ezingcwele eLatin American Pacific lisuka eMexico liya e-Ecuador futhi lihlanganisa I-Galapagos, i-Malpelo, i-Clipperton ne-RevillagigedoZonke lezi zindawo ezivikelekile zasolwandle ziyikhaya loshaka abaningi, into eyanda ngokungavamile ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile, ukungcola, nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kwezinye izindawo zolwandle.
Kulesi simo, okulandelayo kubaluleke kakhulu: I-Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor (CMAR)Isinyathelo sokubambisana esixhumanisa amanzi ase-Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, naseCosta Rica. Lo mzila usebenza njengohlobo lwe umgwaqo omkhulu ongaphansi kwamanzi evikela imizila efudukayo kanye nokuhlangana kwezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu.
Ososayensi bagcizelela ukuthi i-Galapagos Marine Reserve, inwetshiwe eminyakeni yamuva ukuze idlule Amakhilomitha skweleIsiphenduke isizinda sesifunda. Ukuqinisa izikhundla zayo zokuvikela i-Ecuador njengomdlali obalulekile ku ukulondolozwa koshaka bamazwe ngamazwe futhi ocwaningweni lwasolwandle lusetshenziswa kulezi zilwane ezidla ezinye.
Ulwandle olusafana nesikhathi esedlule: indawo kashaka we-hammerhead
Iziqhingi ezisolwandle lwaseMpumalanga Tropical Pacific zichazwa abacwaningi njengohlobo lwe "iwindi lesikhathi esedlule"Lezi yizindawo lapho ukubona inqwaba yoshaka nezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye kuseyinsakavukela khona, akuhlukile. Kulezi zindawo zokulondoloza imvelo, ushaka we-hammerhead one-scalloped usagcina inani labantu ababalulekile, naphezu kokuba usohlwini lwabasengozini enkulu.
Idatha eqoqwe ikhombisa lokho I-Galapagos ne-Malpelo Lezi ziqhingi zinemvamisa ephezulu kakhulu yokubonwa koshaka be-hammerhead esifundeni, okuzenza zibe iziphephelo ezibalulekile zalolu hlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Clipperton nezinye izindawo ziye zaqashelwa njengezindawo zokusebenzelana phakathi kwabantu abavela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zePacific.
Lolu cwaningo luphinde lubike ukuthi, naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili, inani loshaka emhlabeni wonke liye lehla cishe ngephesenti kule minyaka engu-50 edlule. 70%, ngokwezilinganiso ze-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Lokhu kuncipha okusakazekile Inikeza ukubaluleka kwamasu okukhulu nakakhulu ezindaweni ezingcwele lapho abantu behlala benempilo uma kuqhathaniswa.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lezi enclaves azigcini nje ngokugcina izinhlobo zezifanekiselo, kodwa futhi zivumela ukubhekwa indlela ulwandle olunempilo okufanele lusebenze ngayonezilwane ezizingelayo eziningi phezulu ohlwini lokudla. Ukuba khona okuqhubekayo kwe-hammerhead, blacktip, noma i-silvertip shark kuwuphawu lwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle esisaqinile.
Izindlela zesayensi zokuqonda izindawo zoshaka
Ucwaningo olugxile kulezi zindawo ezingcwele luqhutshwa yi- Charles Darwin FoundationI-National Geographic Pristine Seas kanye ne-Galapagos National Park Directorate, phakathi kwezinye izinhlangano zesifunda, zibambisene ocwaningweni. Lo msebenzi, oshicilelwe kuphephabhuku i-PLOS, uthathwa njengolunye locwaningo olunzulu loshaka nezilwane ezidla ezinye eMpumalanga yeTropical Pacific.
Ukuhlola isimo sabantu, lokhu okulandelayo kusetshenziswe: iziteshi zevidiyo ezikude ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezine-baitLe mishini, etshalwe ekujuleni okuhlukene, iheha oshaka nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, okuvumela ukuba khona kwabo kuqoshwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sabatshuzi, okunciphisa umthelela ezilwaneni zasendle futhi kuthuthukise ukumelela kwedatha.
Ithimba lezesayensi lisebenzisa le ndlela yokwenza izindawo ezine zasolwandle ezivikelekile (Galapagos, Malpelo, Clipperton and Revillagigedo) nasezindaweni ezingasogwini ezimbalwa ezivikelwe, njengeMachalilla neGalera San Francisco e-Ecuador, kanye ne-Isla del Caño eCosta Rica. Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwalezi zindawo kufakazele ukwembula ikakhulukazi.
E-Clipperton, isibonelo, kwabhalwa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yoshaka ababonwa yayivela eziQhingini zaseGalapagos. izibonelo zezinganeLe phethini iphakamisa ukuthi lesi siqhingi esikude saseFrance sisebenza njengendawo yokuzalela, sinikeza izindawo zokuhlala eziphephile zezigaba zempilo yokuqala kashaka we-hammerhead nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Kwezinye izindawo zolwandle zephaseji efanayo, abacwaningi babhala ngokuyinhloko abantu abakhulu nabavuthiweLokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi zisebenza njengendawo yokudla noma yokuhlanganisa yabantu abadala. Le mosaic yemisebenzi iguqula lezi ziqhingi zibe inethiwekhi yezindawo ezingcwele ezihambisanayo.
Imiphakathi ehlukene, ukuphathwa okuhlukene endaweni engcwele ngayinye
Ukuhlaziywa kwamavidiyo nezimo ze-oceanographic kwembula ukuthi imiphakathi de peces izilwane ezizingelayo ziyehluka ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kweziqhingi ezihlukene zolwandle. Izinto ezinjengamagagasi esifunda, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi, nokutholakala kokudla kuchaza okunye kwalokhu kuhlukahluka.
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ezivikelwe zasolwandle, njengeGalapagos neMalpelo, ukuba khona kwe ushaka ovamile we-hammerhead Kuvame kakhulu. Lezi zindawo zibonakala zinikeza izimo ezikahle zokuzalana kwazo, ukondla, nokufuduka kwazo, zibe iziphephelo ezisebenza ngempela zezinhlobo zezilwane.
Ngokuphambene, ngobuningi obukhulu i-silvertip shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus), ezisohlwini lwezinhlobo ezisengozini. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi indawo ngayinye engcwele ifeza indima ethile yendawo ezungezile.
Ngokusho kwababhali, la maphethini akwenza kucace lokho Ayikho iresiphi eyodwa yokulondoloza. Isebenza kuso sonke isifunda. Ukuphathwa kwendawo ngayinye yasolwandle evikelwe kufanele kuhambisane nezici zayo ezithile zemvelo kanye nezinhlobo ezizifuyile, kucatshangelwa izindlela ezifudukayo, izindawo ezizalela kuzo, kanye nezindawo zokudla.
Abacwaningi baphikelela ngokuthi ukuvikelwa okuphumelelayo kwalezi zindawo ezingcwele kuncike kulokho amasu okuphatha ahambisanayoimizamo edidiyelwe emazweni ngamazwe ibalulekile. Esifundeni lapho oshaka behamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, izinyathelo ezihlukanisiwe zezwe elilodwa ziyasilela uma zingahlanganiswa ngamaphasishi afana ne-CMAR.
Umehluko ngezindawo ezisogwini: izindawo zokulondoloza imvelo ezisengozini
Ngenkathi iziqhingi zase-oceanic ze-Eastern Tropical Pacific zisabonakala inqwaba yoshakaUkuthwebula izithombe kuhluke kakhulu ezindaweni ezivikelwe zasolwandle. Kulezi zindawo, amakhamera angaphansi kwamanzi aqopha izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu ezimbalwa kanye ne-biomass ephansi. de peces aphansi kakhulu.
Ososayensi basichaza lesi simo ngokuthi a uphawu lwezindawo zemvelo zasogwini ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkuluYize zimenyezelwa njengezindawo ezivikelekile, eziningi zalezi zindawo sezihlupheke iminyaka... ukuxhashazwa ngokudoba okungasimeme, okuye kwanciphisa kancane kancane inani loshaka nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu.
Kwezinye zezindawo ezisogwini ezihlaziywe, imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka kube nezilwane ezizingelayo ezinkulu isuswe ngokuphelele noma kancane yohlelo lwasolwandle. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kuphazamisa ibhalansi yendawo ezungezile futhi kungase kubangele imiphumela egelezayo emaketangeni okudla nasezindaweni ezihlala ngasogwini, ukusuka emanzini ukuya ematsheni.
Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindawo zasogwini ezimpofu kanye nezindawo ezingcwele zolwandle zaseGalapagos, Malpelo, Clipperton noma Revillagigedo uyabonisa. amakusasa amabili angenzeka ezilwandle: enye lapho oshaka beqhubeka nokufeza umsebenzi wabo wemvelo kanye nenye asebenyamalele kuyo endaweni engaphansi kwamanzi.
Uma kubhekwa leli qiniso, ochwepheshe bahlongoza ukuqinisa izindlela zokulawula izindawo zokudoba, kwandiswe izindawo okungadotshwa kuzo, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqapha kwesayensi, ngenhloso buyisela ubukhona boshaka ezindaweni lapho, ephepheni, esezivele zinezivikelo kodwa empeleni azizange ziphathwe ngempumelelo.
Imiphumela yale ndawo yokusebenzela yesayensi ebanzi iGalapagos, iMalpelo, iClipperton neRevillagigedo njenge izingcezu ezibalulekile kunethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yezindawo zokulondoloza oshakaLezi ziqhingi ezisolwandle, kanye nemihubhe efana ne-CMAR kanye nezindawo ezikhulayo zasolwandle ezivikelekile zaseLatin America Pacific, zimelela namuhla ezinye zezindawo zokugcina lapho ushaka we-hammerhead nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu ziqhubeka nokuchuma, nalapho kunqunywa khona ingxenye enkulu yekusasa yalezi zilwane ezilwandle.
