Izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle zePelagic ne-benthic

Zombili izilwandle nolwandle, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngomunye wemithombo icebe kakhulu, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, emhlabeni Umhlaba. Ngaphakathi kwayo kuhlala izivakashi ezingenakubalwa ezizenza zibe izindawo ezithakazelisayo. Ababungazi abahlukahluka, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sabo, usayizi, umbala, imikhuba yabo, izindlela zokondla, njll.

Ngokusobala, imvelo yasemanzini ihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Izici zabo zingahluka kakhulu, ezithinta, ngendlela ethile, zabo amandla okuhlala noma cha.

Ngokusobala, izimo zokuphila emanzini angajulile noma ngasogwini azifani. Lapho, ukukhanya kugcwele ngokwengeziwe, izinga lokushisa liba nokuhlukahluka okuningi, futhi imisinga nokunyakaza kwamanzi kuvame kakhulu futhi kuyingozi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba singena ekujuleni, sithola isithombe esihluke ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sizathu, izidalwa eziphilayo zihlukile kakhulu kuye ngendawo yolwandle noma yolwandle lapho bathuthukisa khona izimpilo zabo.

Kulapha lapho amagama amabili angahle angaziwa kithi avela khona: i-pelagic y i-benthic.

I-Pelagic ne-benthic

IPelagic ibhekisa engxenyeni yolwandle engaphezulu kwendawo ye-pelagic. Lokho wukuthi, kukholamu lamanzi elingekho eshalofini lezwekazi noma kuqweqwe, kepha liseduze nalo. Ukwelulwa kwamanzi okungenakho ukujula okukhulu. Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-benthic iphambene. Kuhlobene nakho konke kuxhunyaniswe nolwandle nolwandle.

Cishe, izidalwa eziphila emanzini, phakathi kwazo okuyizinhlanzi, zihlukaniswa ngemindeni emibili emikhulu: izidalwa ze-pelagic y izinto ze-benthic.

Okulandelayo, siqhubeka nokuchaza ngayinye yazo:

Incazelo yezinto eziphilayo ze-pelagic

Lapho sikhuluma ngezinto eziphilayo ze-pelagic, sibhekisa kuzo zonke lezo zinhlobo ezihlala khona amanzi aphakathi olwandle nolwandle, noma eduze kwaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinto eziphila emanzini lukunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhumana nezindawo ezinokujula okukhulu.

Zisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle, kusuka ebusweni uqobo kuya kumamitha angama-200 ukujula. Lesi sendlalelo saziwa njenge indawo ye-phiotic.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isitha esiyinhloko sazo zonke lezi zinto eziphilayo ukudoba ngokungakhethi.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinto eziphilayo ze-pelagic: nekton, plakton futhi neuston.

I-Necton

Kuyo kukhona izinhlanzi, izimfudu, ama-cetaceans, ama-cephalopods, njll. Izinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yokuhamba kwazo, eziyi Iyakwazi ukumelana nemisinga yolwandle eqinile.

IPlakton

Zibonakala, ngokuyisisekelo, ngokuba nobukhulu obuncane, kwesinye isikhathi okuncane kakhulu. Zingaba zohlobo lwesitshalo (i-phytoplankton) noma zohlobo lwesilwane (i-zooplankton). Ngeshwa, lezi zinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba, abakwazi ukushaya imisinga yolwandle, ngakho bahudulwa yibo.

UNeuston

Yilezo zidalwa eziphilayo ezenze ifilimu engaphezulu lamanzi ikhaya labo.

Inhlanzi yePelagic

Uma sigxila eqenjini elenza inhlanzi ye-pelagic kanjalo, singenza esinye isiqeshana, esilele, ngendlela efanayo, kuya ngezindawo zasemanzini ezihlala kuzo:

Ama-pelagics asogwini

Izinto eziphilayo zasogwini lwe-pelagic imvamisa izinhlanzi ezincane ezihlala ezikoleni ezinkulu ezihamba zizungeze ishelufu lasezwenikazi futhi eduze nomphezulu. Isibonelo salokhu yizilwane ezifana nama-anchovies noma ama-sardine.

Ama-pelagics asolwandle                          

Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu kunezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu ezivame ukufuduka. Zonke zinezici, zombili zokwakheka nezomzimba, zifana kakhulu nalezo zezihlobo zazo ezisogwini, ngenkathi izindlela zazo zokudla zihlukile.

Yize kunokukhula okusheshayo nokuzala okuphezulu, ukuminyana kwabantu babo kuncane kakhulu, okwenza ukukhula kwabo kuhambe kancane. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi badotshwa kakhulu.

Izinhlanzi ezifana ne-tuna ne-bonito yizibonelo ezijwayelekile zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.

Umqondo ofanayo wezinto eziphilayo ze-pelagic

Njengoba igama elithi pelagic libhekisa endaweni ethile yolwandle nasolwandle, kuphinde kuvele igama elisetshenziswayo ukulibiza lisendaweni yalo njengoba linjalo "kwalasha". Futhi-ke, ngendlela efanayo nesibhekisa kuzinto eziphilayo ze-pelagic nezinhlanzi, singakwazi futhi ukubabiza ngokuthi izinhlanzi noma izidalwa zakwalasha.

Incazelo yezinto eziphilayo ze-benthic

Izinto eziphilayo zeBenthic yilezo ezihlala endaweni ye- isizinda semvelo yasemanzini, ngokungafani nezinto eziphilayo ze-pelagic.

Kulezi zindawo zolwandle lapho ukukhanya nokubonisa okusobala kuvela khona, ngezinga elincane, yebo, sithola abakhiqizi abakhulu be-benthic izithombe (abakwaziyo ukuzenzela ukudla).

Usuvele ucwilisiwe kufayela le- isizinda se-aphotic, entula ukukhanya futhi etholakala ekujuleni okukhulu, kunezinto eziphilayo ezidlayo, ezincike ezinsaleleni zezinto eziphilayo kanye nama-microorganism adonswa amandla adonsela phansi asuka emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu amanzi ukuze azondle.

Icala elihlukile amagciwane, ngakolunye uhlangothi amakhemikhali futhi ngakolunye i-symbiotic (Zincike kwezinye izinto eziphilayo), ezitholakala ezindaweni ezinesibindi njengamaphoyinti athile emifula ephakathi nolwandle.

Ekuboneni kokuqala, akumangazi ukuthi, ngemuva kokufunda okungenhla, asijwayele izinto eziphilayo ze-benthic. Akukho okungaba kude neqiniso. Kunezinhlobo ezihlobene nazo ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezaziwa yibo bonke: amakhorali.

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, izixhobo zamakhorali zingenye yamagugu abaluleke kakhulu kunina womhlaba. Kodwa-ke, futhi ngeshwa, yibo futhi abasongelwa kakhulu. Amanye amasu okudoba, kwesinye isikhathi angajwayelekile kakhulu, ayabulala. Sikhuluma, ngokwesibonelo, ngamanetha okudoba, okuyizimbangela zezinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo.

Ezinye izinto eziningi eziphilayo ziyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu we-benthic. Sikhuluma nge echinoderms (izinkanyezi nama-urchins olwandle), i- i-pleuronectiform (ematheni nokunye okunjalo), i- umabhebhana (i-octopus ne-cuttlefish), i- bivalve y ama-molluscs nezinye izinhlobo ze ulwelwe.

Izinhlanzi ze-Benthic

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngaphakathi kwe-benthic organisms sithola lezo zinhlobo de peces kufakwe kukhathalogi “njenge-peluronectiformes”, okuyingxenye ye-oda de peces i-flounder, amaqhude kanye yedwa.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Roosterfish

Lezi zinhlanzi zibonakala ngokuba ne-morphology eyingqayizivele. Umzimba wakhe, ucindezelwe kakhulu ngemuva, udweba i- umumo osicaba, kungashiyi muntu ongenandaba. Ezingonweni zeminwe, zine-symmetry ye-lateral, eneso ngasohlangothini ngalunye. Ukulinganisa okulandelanayo okunyamalayo njengoba kukhula. Ezindala, ezihlala kolunye uhlangothi lwazo, zinomzimba oyisicaba kanti ezinye zihlelwe ohlangothini olungaphezulu.

Njengomthetho, kunjalo izinhlanzi ezidlayo nezidlayo, okubanjwa kwabo kwenziwa ngenqubo yokulandela.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ngoba yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokupheka nokudoba, yilezi isoli futhi i i-turbot.

Umqondo ofanayo wezinto eziphilayo ze-benthic

Uma sibuyekeza izincwadi zesayensi ezahlukahlukene ezinikezelwe ekubuseni nasekuhlukanisweni kombuso wezilwane, singathola izinto eziphilayo kanye ne-benthic ngokumane "Ama-Bentos" o "I-Benthic".

Imvelo ngumhlaba othakazelisayo, futhi imvelo yasemanzini ifanelwe isahluko esihlukile. Ukukhuluma ngezinto eziphilayo ze-pelagic ne-benthic kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kubuyekezwa okuncane kugqamisa, ngemivimbo ebanzi, imininingwane ehlukanisa enye kwenye.