I-substrate engcono kakhulu yama-aquariums: izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa, inani nokugcinwa okuphelele

Lapho siqala ukusebenzisa i-aquarium yethu kufanele sazi ukuthi kukhona izinto ezithile ezibalulekile. Enye yazo yi- isisekelo se-aquariumUkukhetha i-substrate efanele kungaba esinye sezimo ezibalulekile zokuqalisa i-aquarium yakho. Uma umusha kule nto yokuzilibazisa, cishe uzoba nemibuzo eminingi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-aquarium substrates, futhi ngayinye inezici zayo. izici ezahlukene kanye nemisebenzi okuyithonya ngokuqondile impilo yezinhlanzi, izitshalo, namagciwane.

Ngaphandle kokuba "phansi okuhlobisa" elula, substrate kuyinto isici esibalulekile se i-biotopeIfukamela amakoloni amagciwane azuzisayo, ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo (njengomjikelezo wenitrogen), iqinisa izimpande zezitshalo, futhi ingasiza ekusimamiseni imingcele yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha i-substrate engcono kakhulu noma igravel ye-aquarium yakho Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa indawo enempilo futhi ezinzile.

Kulesi sihloko uzothola, ngendlela ehlelekile nenemininingwane, Iyini i-aquarium substrate, isetshenziselwa ini, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona, nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani ngokuya ngohlobo lwakho lwe-aquarium?, ukuthi udinga malini, ungayishintsha kanjani nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka esimweni esihle.

Substrate yama-aquariums

Kuye ngohlobo lwe-substrate oyikhethayo (inert, enomsoco noma enobumba), uzokwazi uku:

• Khuthaza i ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane anenzuzo eziqeda umjikelezo we-nitrogen.
• Lungisa futhi wondle i- izitshalo zemvelo zasemanziniokuvumela ukukhula okunempilo nokuzinzile.
• Nikela kwi ibhalansi yemingcele yamanzi (pH, KH, GH) ngokwezidingo zezinhlanzi nezitshalo zakho.
• Thuthukisa ubuhle kanye nomklamo we-aquarium, ukuhlinzeka ngemvelo, umehluko wombala kanye nomuzwa wokujula.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela lokho, lapho ukhetha yakho i-substratum, i-aquarium gravel, amatshe amatshe noma isihlabathiLokhu kufanele kube izinga eliphezulu futhi ikakhulukazi emanzini asemanziniIzihlabathi noma amatshe asetshenziselwa ukwakha noma ukulima angakhulula izinto ezinobuthi noma aguqule ngokweqile imingcele yamanzi.

I-JBL 202120 100 Aquabasis Plus 200-XNUMX

Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.

Iwuhlobo lwe-aquarium substrate enomsoco futhi esiza uku... izitshalo zikhula kahle endaweni yonkeUmphumela wokukhula walezi zitshalo uhlala iminyaka eminingana, okwenza zibe isisekelo esihlala isikhathi eside sama-aquarium atshalwe emanzini ahlanzekile.

Le substrate iqukethe imisoco ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo njengensimbi nobumba. Ngenxa yalezi zingxenye, ivuselela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhula kwezimpande namaqabunga futhi Kuyasiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-algae.ngoba imisoco itholakala kakhulu ezimpandeni hhayi kukholomu yamanzi.

Mane ubeke i-substrate yezakhi ngezansi kwe-aquarium bese uyimboza ngongqimba lwe-inert substrate (itshe elihlanjululwe ngaphambilini noma isihlabathi). Lesi sendlalelo esiphezulu sisiza ukuvimbela ukukhishwa okuqondile kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini futhi sigcine phansi kubukeka kuhlanzekile futhi kuzinzile. Ungathenga lo mkhiqizo ngokuchofoza lapha.

JBL Mando

Lolu uhlobo lwe-substrate yemvelo esebenzayo hlunga konke ukungcola emanzini ngokuthula. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esinezimbotshana, iyakwazi ukunikela ngendawo enkulu yokwenziwa kwamakholoni amagciwane, ihlanze indawo enkulu ye-aquarium futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi.

Isakhiwo sawo sikhuthaza ukwakheka kwamagciwane ahlanzayo ezihlala ukuze zenze lo msebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza ekuthuthukisweni okufanele kwezimpande zezitshalo, njengoba izimpande zingangena kalula phakathi kwama-granules.

Elinye iphuzu elivuna yona ukuthi Ivimbela ukukhula kolwelwe olungafunwaLokhu kungenxa yokuthi iyakwazi ukumunca umanyolo oweqile emanzini futhi iwukhulule kancane kancane. Lokhu kuyenza ibe i-substrate ethakazelisa kakhulu yama-aquariums anezitshalo ezinezidingo eziphakathi nendawo.

Umumo wale substrate uyindilinga ukuvikela ama-barbels azwelayo ezinhlanzi ezihlala phansi (njengama-corydoras noma ama-loachi). Ifomethi ekhonjiwe ngokuvamile iqukethe okwanele ku-aquarium enevolumu engaba amalitha angama-50. Uma ufuna ukuthenga le substrate ye-aquarium, chofoza lapha.

I-Fluval 12694 Plant & Shrimp Substrate

Kuyi-substrate eqoqwa kuyo amagquma entabamlilo anothe kakhulu ngamamineraliLawa magquma entaba-mlilo atholakala eNtabeni i-Aso eJapane. I-substrate eyakhiwe ukuze inikeze isisekelo esihle kakhulu somsoco, ngokunaka okukhethekile ezidingweni zezitshalo kanye nezimfanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile.

Kuyi-substrate ekahle yokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo zasemanzini. emanzini amanzi ahlanzekile. I-granulometry yayo kanye ne-porosity ivumela izimpande ukuthi zingene kalula futhi zisakaze yonke indawo ye-aquarium ukuze zithole inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwayo kuyasiza gcina imingcele yamanzi ezinzile futhi eyanele Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimfanzi, kusiza ukushintshaniswa kwezakhi zokulandelela futhi kukhuthaze ikoloni yamagciwane ecebile nehlukahlukene. Chofoza lapha ukuze uthenge lo mkhiqizo.

I-JBL Substrate yama-aquariums Sansibar

Ngaphandle kokusebenzela imisebenzi ye-aquarium substrates, ibuye ihlobise impela, njengoba iziveza njenge isihlabathi esihle kakhulu nesifanayo okunikeza ukubukeka kwemvelo ngemuva. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ezindaweni ezihlala izilwane ezihuquzelayo noma eziphila emanzini nasezweni ezidinga i-substrate ethambile, engasebenzi.

Lolu hlobo lwento alukhiphi izinto ezinobuthi emanzini, ngakho-ke luphephile ezinhlanzini, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, nasezitshalweni inqobo nje uma kugcinwa ukunakekelwa okufanele. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kugwenywe uma i-aquarium ine ikhebula lokufudumeza kulawo amathangi ezinhlanzi de peces ezishisayongoba isihlabathi esinjalo esihle singaphazamisa ukuhamba kahle kokushisa noma sidale nezindawo ezishisa kakhulu.

Ezinye izinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi futhi zidinga intambo yokufudumeza ukunyusa izinga lokushisa. Kulezi zimo, le substrate ayinconywa. Kodwa-ke, ekusetheni ngaphandle kwekhebula lokushisa, kubhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili zesihlabathi. umhlabathi wemvelo kanye nokuba khona kothuli lwasendaweni okungokoqoboChofoza ukuze uthenge lo mkhiqizo.

I-JBL ProScape 67080 Aquascaping Plant Soil Brown

Ingenye yeziqeshana eziphelele kakhulu ezingeni lokudla okunempilo kwe- izitshalo ze-aquarium. Yenzelwe ikakhulukazi aquascaping aquariumslapho izitshalo ezidinga kakhulu zidinga ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwezakhi ezivela esisekelweni.

Kunconywa kuma-aquariums anosayizi othile cishe 30-40 amasentimitha ubude kanye umthamo 12-25 amalithaNakuba osayizi abakhulu betholakala kuma-aquariums amakhulu, inesilinganiso esihle kakhulu semisoco namaminerali kokubili izinhlanzi nezitshalo, futhi isakhiwo sayo esiyimbudumbudu sikhuthaza ukuhamba kwamanzi ku-substrate.

Ngokusiza ukuthuthukisa izitshalo ze-aquarium, ungahlinzeka umoya-mpilo odingekayo endaweni ehlala emanzini Lokhu kudala i-ecosystem ezinzile futhi ebukekayo. Ungachofoza lapha ukuze uthenge le substrate.

Iyini i-substrate ku-aquariums futhi iyini inhloso yayo?

I-Aquarium substrate isihlabathi, amatshe, noma izinto eziphilayo ezisetshenziselwa ukubeka phansi emathangeni ezinhlanzi futhi zisebenzisa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Enye yazo ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane lokho kusiza ukuqeda umjikelezo we-nitrogen.

Ku-aquarium enempilo, i-substrate isebenza njenge-a isihlungi esikhulu sebhayolojiKulapho amabhaktheriya ane-nitrifying ehlala khona, eguqula i-ammonium ne-nitrite (enobuthi kakhulu) ibe i-nitrate (engeyona ingozi kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa izitshalo). Ngaphandle kwalokhu kusekelwa ngokomzimba, umthamo wamagciwane ubungeke unele, futhi ama-spikes emazingeni anobuthi angenzeka kalula kakhulu.

Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi i-ecosystem ye-aquarium nayo kufanele ukuzilawula ngandlela thizeAbantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-substrate yindawo lapho ukungcola kwe-aquarium kunqwabelana kakhulu. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Okungase kubonakale kuwumthombo wokungcola kithi, empeleni, a ukugxila kwezakhi ezitshalweni kanye nedamu lamagciwane azuzisayo.

Ngaphezu kwendima yayo yezinto eziphilayo, i-substrate iphinde isebenze nezinye izinjongo:

• Umsebenzi wokuhlobisa: Ikuvumela ukuthi udale izindawo zasemanzini, ulingise imifula, amabhishi noma izindlela, futhi udlale ngemibala namasayizi okusanhlamvu ukuze unikeze umuzwa wokujula.
• Ukwesekwa kwezitshalo: Izimpande zigxilile ku-substrate, zivimbele izitshalo ukuthi zingantanti futhi zivumele ukuba zithole izakhi ngokuphumelelayo.
• Ibhalansi yepharamitha: Amanye ama-substrates asiza ukuzinzisa noma ukuguqula i-pH, i-KH ne-GH, ilungele izinhlobo ezithambile noma amathangi ezimfanzi.
• Ukuziphatha kwemvelo kwezinhlanzi: Izinhlobo eziningi ezihlala phansi ziyamba, zihlunge isihlabathi, noma zakhe izidleke; i-substrate efanelekile ibavumela ukuthi bathuthukise lezi zindlela zokuziphatha.

Iyiphi i-aquarium substrate ongayikhetha?

Okokuqala, ngaphambili ukukhetha i-substrate ye-aquariumKumayelana nokwazi ukuthi ufunani futhi Hlobo luni lwe-aquarium ozolumisa?Ngeke udinge izinto ezifanayo ku-aquarium yomphakathi elula njengoba ubungenza ku-aquarium ye-aquascaping enezitshalo ezidinga kakhulu noma ethangini elikhethekile lezimfanzi.

Ama-substrates, isihlabathi, namatshe angase abe nawo imisebenzi ehlukahlukene okuyinhloko:

• Ezokuhlobisa (isici esibonakalayo, dala kabusha imifula, amabhishi, imigwaqo, njll.).
• I-biological ecosystem (ukusekelwa kwamagciwane nezilwane ezingezansi).
• Umsoco wezitshalo (nikeza ama-macro kanye nama-micronutrients kusuka kusisekelo).
• Ibhalansi yepharamitha yamanzi (pH, KH, GH, ubulukhuni, njll.).

Ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlobo olulodwa lwe-substrate noma olunye, kufanele ucace mayelana uhlobo lwe-aquarium ofuna ukukuklama, isibonelo:

• I-aquarium yomphakathi waseTropical enezinhlanzi eziqinile nezitshalo ezilula.
• I-Aquarium ubuchwepheshe obuphansi (izidingo ezincane, ukukhanya okuphansi, akukho CO2 ecindezelwe).
• I-Aquarium i-high Tech (ukukhanya okuningi, i-CO2, izitshalo ezidinga amandla kanye ne-aquascaping).
• IGambario onguchwepheshe bezimfanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile.

Emakethe singabona izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-substrates, nakuba zihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi ngamaqembu amathathu: okungenamsoco, okunomsoco kanye nobumbaAke sizibheke ngokuningiliziwe, sihlanganise izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nokubi.

• Izingxenye ezingaphansi ze-Inert: Lezi yilezo ezakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngamatshe nesihlabathi futhi ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nemibala. Kubalulekile ukulahla noma yisiphi isihlabathi namatshe anjalo ezinemibala eyenziwe ngodayi hhayi ikakhulukazi emanzini njengoba ingase ibe nemikhiqizo enobuthi ezinhlanzini.
  • Ventajas: Lawa ma-substrates anethonya elincane kakhulu kwikhwalithi yamakhemikhali yamanzi futhi avumela a ukulawula okukhulu phezu kwamapharamitha kusuka ku-aquarium. Kulula ukuzihlanza, aziboli, futhi zilungele abaqalayo nama-aquariums anezinhlanzi ezingadingi izitshalo ezifunayo.
  • Okubi: Ngakho-ke azinikezi izakhamzimba ngokwazo Azifaneleki njengesisekelo sodwa Okwama-aquarium atshalwe kakhulu anezinhlobo ezidinga kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, zingahlanganiswa nama-substrates anothile ngezakhi ezansi noma kusetshenziswe umanyolo owuketshezi.
  • I-Gravel ngokumelene nesihlabathi: Itshe eliphakathi nendawo livumela ukuhamba kwamanzi kangcono futhi livimbele izindawo ze-anaerobic, kuyilapho isihlabathi esihle kakhulu sivame ukubumbana. Ukusebenzisa isihlabathi esihle kuphela kuyo yonke i-aquarium akukhuthazwa ngaphandle uma unolwazi ekunakekeleni kwaso.
• Ama-substrates obumba: Lawa ma-substrates aqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ezifana ne-iron, i-aluminium oxides, ne-magnesium, azikhulula e-aquarium ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile zakhiwe ama-granules obumba abhakiwe agcwele izakhi, enomthamo wokushintshaniswa kwe-cation ephezulu.
  • Ventajas: siza i-asidi kancane amanzi (ukwehlisa i-pH), thuthukisa ukujikeleza kanye nempilo yangaphakathi ye-substrate, isiza ukubamba izimpande zezitshalo endaweni kanye lula ukubukeka kwamagciwane anenzuzoZilungele izindawo zasemanzini ezitshaliwe ezinezidingo ezimaphakathi neziphezulu kanye namathangi ezimfanzi adinga amanzi athambile futhi ane-asidi.
  • Okubi: Bangakwazi ukuvala amanzi uma bephathwa cishe, futhi ukuba khona kwabo kungathinta kakhulu amapharamitha we-aquarium, ngakho-ke kudingeka ulwazi oluthile. Uma i-substrate yobumba ishintshwa, Kudala isiphithiphithi. futhi amanzi angaguqubala kalula.
  • Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile: ngokuvamile zibekwe njenge ungqimba olukhulu lwenhlabathi enomsoco, ngokuvamile kusisekelo esincane se-porous noma ngaphansi kwesihlabathi esincane sokuhlobisa ezindaweni ezibonakalayo.
• Izisekelo ezingaphansi komsoco: Lezi yizo ezikwazi ukuguqula kancane imingcele ye-aquarium futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu izinto eziphilayo kanye namamineraliZisebenza ukunikeza izakhi ezitshalweni, futhi ngokuvamile zibekwe njenge ungqimba olungezansi phezu kwalo kubekwa ungqimba lwetshe noma isihlabathi esingenasici.
  • Ventajas: hlinzeka a ukutholakala njalo kwezakhamzimba (insimbi, i-potassium, izakhi zokulandelela, njll.) ezimpandeni, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukukhula nombala wezitshalo, ukunciphisa isidingo sokuvundiswa okunamandla okuketshezi.
  • Okubi: Uma ziphazamisekile noma zivezwe ngokuqondile emanzini, zingakhulula izinto eziphilayo eziningi futhi zibangele ama-ammonia spikes noma ukuqhakaza kwe-algae. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukumboza ngongqimba lwe-inert substrate futhi ugweme ukuphonswa okujulile.
  • Ukusetshenziswa okunconyiwe: afaneleka kakhulu ama-aquariums atshaliwe lapho izitshalo ze-stem, izitshalo ze-carpeting nama-rosette zidlala indima ehamba phambili.

Ukukhetha i-substrate engcono kakhulu ngokusho kohlobo lwakho lwe-aquarium

Kwabasaqalayo bokuzilibazisa, i-aquarium yomphakathi yasezindaweni ezishisayo inconywa kakhulu. Izinhlanzi eziqinile nezitshalo ezilula ukugcina. Kulolu hlobo lwe-aquarium, ekahle imvamisa:

• Beka isisekelo se uhlamvu lwe-inert ngogqinsi lweminwe emi-2 (cishe ngo-4-5 cm ngemuva futhi kancane kancane ngaphambili).
• Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, engeza I-1-2 cm ye-substrate yezakhi ngaphansi kwetshe, ngaphandle kokufinyelela ngaphambili kwengilazi ukugwema ukubonwa.

Kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokukhula kulula ukukhula, izitshalo ezikhula kancane (i-anubias, i-Java ferns, i-vallisneria, i-cryptocorynes, njll.). Ezindaweni zasemanzini ezifunwa kakhulu (ezisezingeni eliphezulu), a umhlabathi ogcwele izakhi zobumba njengengqimba eyinhloko (uhlobo lwe-aquasoil), evame ukuhlanganiswa nezihlabathi zokuhlobisa ezindaweni ezithile.

Ngamathangi e-shrimp, abathandi bezokuzilibazisa abaningi abathuthukile bayathanda izakhamzimba ezithile noma ama-substrates obumba, njenge:

• Azidingi ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo., okunciphisa ukucindezeleka ku-shrimp.
• Usizo uku gcina i-pH ephansi kanye ne-KHilungele izinhlobo eziningi zezimfanzi.
• Bakhuthaza ikholoni yamagciwane aminyene futhi ezinzile esebenza njengokudla nendawo yokukhosela.

Ezindaweni zasemanzini lapho okubalulekile kungezona izitshalo, kodwa kunalokho izinhlanzi noma izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezimbayo (njenge-corydoras, axolotls, noma ama-cichlids athile), ukukhetha kwe-substrate kufanele kugxile usayizi wokusanhlamvu nokushelela kokusanhlamvuIsihlabathi esihle kakhulu noma amatshe ayindilinga kakhulu azovimbela ukulimala kwesikhumba nezilevu.

Amatshe okuhlobisa, amatshe nezihlabathi

Ngaphakathi kwe-inert substrates, i- i-gravel yama-aquariums Ingelinye lamafomethi aziwa kakhulu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zosayizi nemibala etholakalayo, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka kwe-aquarium yakho.

Phakathi kwe izinzuzo eziphambili Kusukela kugravel sithola:

• Ukulula kokuhlanza: I-Gravel kulula kakhulu ukuyihlanza nokuyigcina kunezinye izinhlobo zama-substrates amahle kakhulu njengesihlabathi.
• Ukugeleza kwamanzi okuthuthukisiwe: Ivumela ukugeleza kwamanzi okuhle ku-substrate, ivimbela ikakhulukazi ukubukeka kwezindawo ezijulile ze-anaerobic.
• Ukusekelwa okuhle ngomshini kwezitshalo: Ubukhulu bayo obuphakathi buvumela izimpande ukuthi zigcinwe ngokuphepha.

Kodwa-ke, ibuye futhi Okunye ukungalungi:

• Ukunqwabelana kukadoti: Uma kungahlanjululwanga kahle, izinsalela zokudla, indle namaqabunga kunganqwabelana, kuthinte izinga lamanzi.
• Ukushoda kwezakhamzimba: Ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswe i-gravel yemvelo nekhethekile, ayinikezi izakhi ezitshalweni, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ungeze ngomanyolo noma i-substrate yezakhi ezakhiweni.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izihlabathi zokuhlobisa Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aquascaping ukudala amabhishi afanisiwe, imisele yomfula kanye nezindlelaAwavamisile ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye eyodwa kuphela ekufuneni ukusetha okutshaliwe, kodwa kunalokho njengokuhambisana okubonakalayo enhlabathini enothile ngezakhi.

Uma ukhetha izihlabathi ezinemibala ekhanyayo (njengesihlabathi esimhlophe noma esiphaphathekile kakhulu se-beige), kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi Zingcola kalula Zidinga ukunakekelwa okuvamile (ukucocwa ngobumnene kwendawo futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukushintshwa kongqimba oluncane). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bavame ukuthola amathoni aluhlaza noma ansundu ngenxa yokwanda kwe-algae ne-biofilm.

Mangakanani ama-substrate okufanele afakwe ku-aquarium?

Ama-substrates e-Aquarium athengiswa ngelitha, hhayi ngekhilo, ngoba Okusithakaselayo wumthamo ezikuwo.hhayi isisindo sayo. Ukunquma ukuthi ingakanani i-substrate okufanele ifakwe ku-aquarium, kufanele sibale amalitha wezinto esizozidinga ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bethangi.

Izibalo eziyisisekelo ilula:

1. Bala i- indawo yesisekelo ye-aquarium yakho (ubude x ububanzi) ngamasentimitha.
2. Phindaphinda lelo nani nge- ukuphakama kwe-substrate okufunayo ngamasentimitha (isibonelo, 4 cm ngokwesilinganiso).
3. Hlukanisa umphumela ngo-1000 ukuze uthole ivolumu ngamalitha.

Isibonelo, ku-aquarium engama-60 x 30 cm, uma ufuna i-1 cm yobude be-substrate:

• 60 x 30 = 1800 cm³
• 1800/1000 = 1,8 amalitha ngo-1 cm ubude

Uma udinga ukujiya okuphakathi kuka-4 cm, uzodinga cishe amalitha angu-7,2. Uma uhlose ukwakha a umqansa (i-substrate eningi ngemuva kunangaphambili), kungakuhle ukuthi wengeze ngo-20-30% ngaphezulu ukuze kunxeshezelwe lowo mehluko.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi uma uzosebenzisa inhlanganisela ye I-substrate yomsoco esisekelweni kanye netshe phezuluUzodinga ukubala umthamo wesendlalelo ngasinye ngokwehlukana (isibonelo, u-2 cm wezakhi + 3 cm wetshe elingenalutho).

I-substrate kufanele ishintshwe kaningi kangakanani?

Asikho isikhathi esinqunyiwe lapho i-substrate kufanele ishintshwe, njengoba ubude bayo buncike ku- uhlobo lwe-substrate, umthwalo webhayoloji we-aquarium, nokugcinwa kwawo ukuthi kwenziwe. Nokho, kumelwe sifunde ukubona izimo lapho kungase kudingeke ukuba siyivuselele ngokuphelele noma kancane.

Ezinye izimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi ushintsho lungahle lube khona yilezi:

• Ukuqongelela ngokweqile imfucuza, ama-nitrate nama-phosphates naphezu kokwenza izinguquko zamanzi kanye ne-surface siphoning.
• Ukuncipha okusobala kokuzala ye-substrate yezakhi, ebonakala ekukhuleni okubi kwezitshalo, amaqabunga aphuzi noma a-chlorotic kanye nezimpande ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.
• Ubukhona be ama-parasites noma izinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu eziphephela ku-substrate (izikelemu ezithile, ama-planarian amaningi, njll.), lapho ezinye izindlela zokulawula zehlulekile.
• Ama-substrates obumba noma izakhi, okuthi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, alahlekelwe ukwakheka kwawo futhi aminyene kakhulu, avimbe ukuhamba kwamanzi.

Kuma-substrates ezakhamzimba ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ama- impilo yeshelufu yokudla okunomsoco Lokhu kuvame ukuhlala iminyaka eminingana, kepha ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini anezitshalo eziningi kanye nesidingo esikhulu, kungancishiswa. Nakuba ziyeka ukuhlinzeka ngemisoco eminingi, zisengasebenza njengesisekelo esingokomzimba nesebhayoloji uma zengezwe nge... uketshezi noma umquba wezimpande.

Ungangeza i-substrate ku-aquarium egcwele ngezinhlanzi?

Kungenzeka ukuguqula i-substrate ku-aquarium esethiwe kakade, kodwa kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela. ukuqapha okuningi ukugwema ukuthunaza uhlelo noma ukubeka izinhlanzi engozini. Indlela ephephe kunazo zonke, ikakhulukazi izinguquko ezinkulu noma eziphelele, yilezi:

1. Susa amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka esitsheni esihlanzekile (ungalokothi izinsipho), lapho uzophinde ubeke okwesikhashana izinhlanzi nama-invertebrates.
2. Khipha ngokucophelela isihlungi ne-heater, uzigcine zisebenza noma zicwile emanzini ase-aquarium ukuze ungabulali ikoloni lamabhaktheriya.
3. Sebenzisa ngokunenzuzo i- ukuhlanza iwindi nokuhlobisa ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, usebenzisa amanzi e-aquarium kuphela namathuluzi athile.
4. Susa i-substrate endala (inani noma ingxenye) bese ubeka entsha ngokulandela isakhiwo oyifunayo (izingqimba zezakhi, amatshe, isihlabathi, njll.).
5. Gcwalisa kabusha i-aquarium nge amanzi obuwabekile, ukuyigcoba ngamanzi amasha ane-dechlorinated uma kudingeka.

Uma izinhlanzi sezibuyiselwe ku-aquarium ehlanzekile ne-substrate entsha, akufanelekile ukugcwalisa ithangi, ukudlisa izinhlanzi ngokweqile, noma ukwethule izakhamuzi ezintsha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Udinga ukubanika isikhathi sokuzinza. amagciwane anda futhi endaweni entsha ye-substrate futhi umjikelezo we-nitrogen uzinza futhi.

Uma ukuguqulwa kwe-substrate kuyingxenye kuphela (isibonelo, ukwengeza amatshe amancane noma isihlabathi ngaphezulu), kungenziwa nge-aquarium ingxenye egcwele futhi inhlanzi ngaphakathi, kusetshenziswa isitsha noma ishubhu beka kahle i-substrate futhi ugweme amafu amakhulu othuli. Kulokhu, kuzobaluleka ukuthi:

• Sebenzisa ama-substrates manje ihlanzwe kahle kakhulu.
• Sebenza kancane futhi ezindaweni ezincane.
• Gada imingcele yamanzi ezinsukwini ezilandelayo.

Ungayihlanza kanjani i-substrate ye-aquarium

Ukuhlanza nokugcina i-substrate akusho ukuthi uyishintsha njalo. Empeleni, Akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuwushintsha kaningi.ngoba singalahlekelwa ingxenye enhle yekholoni yebhaktheriya. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele sihlanganise:

• I-periodic surface aspiration noma i-siphoning: Ku-substrates ye-gravel, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uphonsa ngobumnene ubuso ukuze ususe izinsalela zokudla kanye ne-sediment. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagxili kakhulu emhlabathini onomsoco ukuze ugweme ukuphazamisa ukwakheka kwawo.
• Izinguquko zamanzi zamasonto onke ze-10-20%Basiza ukunciphisa ama-nitrate nezinye izinhlanganisela, ukunciphisa umthwalo ku-substrate.
• Ukulawula ukondlaGwema ukudla izinhlanzi ngokweqile ukuze izinsalela zingabutheli phansi.

Uma i-substrate isiphelile ngokuphelele noma iwonakele kakhulu, kungase kube kuhle ukuyishintsha. Uma kunjalo, qhubeka njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili: khipha inhlanzi, isihlungi, ne-heater esitsheni samanzi avela ku-aquarium, buyisela ngokuphelele i-substrate, futhi gcina amanzi amadala amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ungaqalisi umjikelezo kusukela ekuqaleni.

Amanzi kufanele ashintshwe, njengomthetho, njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. 10-20% isonto ngalinyeNgale ndlela siqinisekisa ukuthi amagciwane angakhula kangcono nokuthi i-substrate ayisuthi ngokushesha ngezinto ezingafuneki.

Ngokukhetha okuhle kokuqala nokugcinwa okungaguquki, i-substrate iba umlingani obalulekile ukugcina i-aquarium ezinzile enezitshalo ezinamandla, izinhlanzi ezinempilo, kanye ne-waterscape ekhangayo iminyaka eminingi.