Kunezigidi zezinhlobo de peces olwandle kanye nezindlela eziningi zokubhukuda ngayinye ngayinye. Kukhona abangazi kahle ukubhukuda, abanye zibhukuda ngendlela eyinqaba nabanye abajubane labo lingakholakali. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngenhlanzi enekhono layo lokubhukuda limangalisa ngempela. Kumayelana noseyiliNgephiko layo eliyingqayizivele, elikhulukazi, le nhlanzi ingakwazi ukubhukuda ngesivinini esikhulu ijaha inyamazane yayo noma ibalekela izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Uma ufuna ukwazi konke okuhlobene nale nhlanzi, qhubeka ufunda
Izici ze-Sailfish
I-seilfish, enegama lesayensi Ama-albicans e-Istiophorus, yachazwa ngokuthi iwuhlobo lwezilwane ezihlala oLwandle i-Atlantic. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi i-marlin fish ngabadobi abathile, nakuba akuyona i-marlin Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, ama-marlins ayingxenye yohlobo I-Tetrapturus/Makaira, kuyilapho i-sailfish iyingxenye yohlobo I-Istiophorus emndenini we-Istioporidae.
Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwezilwane olwaziwayo oluhlala olwandle lwase-Indian ne-Pacific, I-Istiophorus platypterus. Bobabili abakhona amathoni aluhlaza noma ampunga emhlophe esiliva emhlane nasesiswini. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ze-Atlantic zivame ukuba zincane, nakuba ubukhulu behluka ngokuya ngesifunda kanye nokutholakala kokudla.
Enye into eyingqayizivele yale nhlanzi yikhala lakheInomumo owumngcingo ogcina endaweni ecijile kakhulu, eyindilinga engxenyeni ephambanayo, efana nesaber. Ngezenzo, iyamangalisa indlela ekwazi ngayo ukubhukuda ngesivinini esikhulu ijaha inyamazane yayo. I-hydrodynamic morphology yayo kanye ne-caudal peduncle enamandla kuyivumela ukuthi inqamule emanzini kalula okungajwayelekile.
I-dorsal fin yokuqala iyisici esihluke kakhulu: yinde, inesisekelo eside kakhulu futhi imise okweseyili, futhi ngokuvamile phakathi kwama-42 nama-49 amaredi (yize ububanzi obuphakathi kwama-37 nama-49 bubaluliwe). I-dorsal fin yesibili incane, inemisebe engu-6-8. Umsila, omkhulu futhi oqinile, unamathiselwe nge-a i-caudal peduncle enamandla kuhlinzekwe ngamakeel amabili asemaceleni asiza ukuzinza ngesivinini esikhulu.
Emaphikweni abhanqiwe, amaphiko e-pectoral made futhi akhomba, anemisebe engu-18-20, futhi amaphiko e-pelvic made kakhulu, ayagoqeka emseleni futhi akwazi ukufinyelela cishe i-anus. Inamaphiko amabili endunu (eyokuqala inemisebe engu-12–17 kanti eyesibili ine-6–7). Umzimba umbozwe izikali ezincane ezingunxantathu, futhi emaceleni ayo ngokuvamile abonisa amabha aqondile angaba ngu-20 akhiwe amachashazi amaningi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-dorsal "seyili" enkulu ingasatshalaliswa ukuze kwandiswe iphrofayili ngesikhathi sokuzingela noma igoqwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukudonsa.
Ngokuqondene nosayizi, ungathola ama-sailfish anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100 ngesisindo, futhi okuvame kakhulu ukuthi azungeze i-50 kg, nobude obungadlula amamitha angu-3 uma ubude obuphelele obunoqhwaku bubhekwa.
Ebangeni elifushane, i-metallic blue sailfish ibhekwa ochwepheshe abaningi njengeyiyo izinhlanzi ezisheshayo olwandleUcwaningo oluhlukahlukene lulinganisele ngesivinini esiphezulu esingaba ngu-110–119 km/h (cishe ama-30 m/s), izibalo ezisiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani inyamazane yazo inesikhala esincane sokuhamba. Leli khono lifinyelelwa ngenxa yomzimba ozacile, onemisipha, umsila oqinile omise okuka-C, kanye ne-dorsal fin omude, okuthi uma igoqiwe, inciphise ukudonsa futhi, uma ivuliwe, yenza ukulawula ngokushintshana nokuhamba.
Kuvame ukudideka ne i-marlin noma i-swordfishNakuba ihlanganyela umndeni kanye nama-marlins, i-swordfish ingeyomndeni we-Xiphiidae we-monospecific. I-sailfish ibonakala kalula nge- dorsal fin yayo enkulu, emise okweseyili, ephakeme kakhulu kunomzimba wayo ojulile.
Habitat
Le nhlanzi iyaphila amanzi angaphezulu olwandleAyivamisile ukuhlala ekujuleni okukhulu futhi ikhetha amanzi afudumele napholile. Ebangeni layo, kulula kakhulu ukuthola inyamazane yayo, futhi ngenxa yejubane layo, umsebenzi wayo wokubamba ukudla awunzima kakhulu.
I-Atlantic sailfish iyahlukahluka endaweni yayo yokusabalalisa kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi futhi, kwezinye izimo, izimo ezifana nokuqondisa komoya namandla. Ezingxenyeni ezidlulele zokusabalalisa kwayo (kokubili enyakatho naseningizimu) ibonakala kaningi phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele, njengoba ikhetha amanzi anamazinga okushisa aphakathi. Lokhu kunyakaza kuhlobene futhi ukufuduka kwempango yabo, okuyinto ayilandela ukuqinisekisa ukudla.
Ngokuvamile itholakala ngaphezu kwe-thermocline emanzini angaphezulu afudumele. Lapho ifuduka, ingase isondele ezindaweni ezisogwini ukuze isebenzise amaphaseji amanje kanye nezindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa layo elikahle ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-21 no-29 ºCNgezinye izikhathi, kuye kwatholakala okuthosiwe oLwandle LwaseMedithera ngemva kokuduka phakathi nohambo lwabo lokufuduka.
Esifundeni sase-Indian-Pacific, itholakala emanzini apholile nashisayo emhlabeni wonke. Ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kuyindawo eshisayo nenkabazwe, kuya phambili kusukela ezifundeni ezisogwini zama-latitudes apholile ezilwandle ezimaphakathi. Iwuhlobo lwe-epipelagic: ichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yayo yabantu abadala ongqimbeni olungaphezulu, eduze noma ngaphezu kwe-thermocline, lapho ukukhanya nemisinga kuthanda indawo yezilwane ezizingelayo.
Ukudla
Le nhlanzi idla inyama ngokuphelele futhi iphakathi kwe izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinekhono kakhulu olwandleNgokungangabazeki ingenye eshesha kakhulu emanzini apholile nafudumele. Ukudla kwayo kuhlanganisa ama-squid, i-octopus, izinhlanzi ezindizayo, i-tuna esencane nezinye izinhlanzi ezifunda i-pelagic ezifana ne-sardine ne-mackerel, elizilandela emanzini.
Ingasebenzisa uqhwaku ahlukanise abantu ngabanye esikoleni ngeziteleka eziqondile ezingemuva, okubenza babe sengozini yokubanjwa. Zivame ukunqanda, zilimaze, noma zishaye inyamazane yazo ngekhala ngaphambi kokuyigwinya. Ziyakwazi ukutshuza ziye ekujuleni okungamamitha angaba ngu-30, nakuba zincamela ukuzingela eduze nendawo lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kuzinikeza khona ithuba lokubona.
I-Sailfish ngokuvamile ihlala eduze ne- imiphetho yezixhobo noma amamithambeka ukuze bathole umbono obanzi wendawo ebazungezile kanye nezisulu zekhoneni. Lapho ukudla kuyinala, bangase bazingele ngabanye; Nokho, kunezimo lapho abantu abambalwa behlanganisa ukuhlasela ngokuthumela amaphiko abo omhlane ukuze bakhulise indawo ebonakalayo futhi "bacindezele" isikole odongeni lwamanzi.
Baqhudelana ngokudla amahlengethwa noshaka, kodwa inhlanganisela yazo yejubane nokuhamba kahle izenza ziphumelele kakhulu. Ebangeni elifushane, i-sailfish ishesha ngokumangalisayo: ukuhamba amamitha angama-50 ngemizuzwana embalwa kungaphakathi kwamakhono abo, ishiya inyamazane yayo inesikhathi esincane sokusabela.
Ukuziphatha
I-Sailfish ngokuyinhloko iwuhlobo lwezilwane (yingakho ikhono lazo lokufuduka liyofuna inyamazane). Izikole ezinkulu azivamile ukubonwa, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zakha amaqembu amancane lapho isu lokuzingela lidinga, ikakhulukazi ezikoleni eziminyene. de peces.
Kuyinto yezinhlobo ukuthi ehlola amanzi ngaphambi kokungena ekuzingeleni ukugwema ukuphazamiseka. Ingakwazi ukushintsha ukuqhuma kwesivinini esikhulu ngezigaba zokutshuza okulawulwayo, isonge i-dorsal fin yayo phakathi nokunyakaza okusheshayo futhi iwuvule lapho idinga ukwehlisa ijubane, ukujika, noma ukubonakala kukhudlwana ukuze kuhlanganiswe isikole.
Amaduna nezinsikazi abonisa ukuziphatha kokuzingela okufanayo kakhulu: azungeza inyamazane yawo futhi ayiphoqe ukuthi ivale amabanga. Ukuhlasela kuyashesha futhi kunembile, futhi ngokuvamile kwandulelwa u-a ukuthunyelwa kwe-dorsal fin Lokhu kwandisa iphrofayili yomzingeli, kwandise amandla aso asabisayo. Izinguquko zombala zesikhashana (ezigqamisa imigoqo engemuva) nazo ziye zachazwa ngesikhathi sokujaha, okungenzeka zihlobene nokuxhumana noma ukufihla okuguquguqukayo.
Ngaphezu kokusheshisa kwayo, i-sailfish iyadlala ukugxuma okumangalisayo aphume emanzini. Lokhu kugxuma, okubuye kubonwe kuma-marlins kanye ne-swordfish, kungaba yingxenye yokuziphatha kokuzingela, ukuphunyuka, noma ngisho nomzamo wokuzikhulula kuma-parasites namahhuku.
Ukuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Sailfish kunezinye izici ezingavamile. Owesifazane izalela izikhathi eziningana unyaka wonke, ededela amaqanda azo olwandle oluvulekile, ngokuvamile lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifudumele, liba ngu-26°C. Lezi zindawo zivame ukutholakala eduze nogu noma kumapulatifomu ahamba kahle futhi akhiqizayo.
Ekubekeni ngakunye, insikazi ikhukhuleka phezulu. Uma amaqanda esezalelwe, iduna liwavundisa ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuchayeka kwamaqanda nezibungu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye kanye nezimo ezishintshayo, amaphesenti amancane kuphela asindayo aze afike ezigabeni ezithuthukile.
Ithosa elichanyuselwe, ekuqaleni lincane, lintanta eduze nendawo, ngakho ukufa kusenesikhathi kuphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-fry ikhula ngokushesha: lapho ifinyelela cishe amasentimitha amahlanu ubude, amaphiko abo asebenza ngokugcwele, athuthukisa amathuba abo okusinda.
Izinkathi zokuzala ezivame kakhulu zigxile phakathi kwe-, kuye ngendawo. Njengabantu abadala, izitha zemvelo ezivame kakhulu ze-sailfish oshaka abakhulu nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo.
Ukongiwa kwemvelo, isivinini kanye nokudoba kwezemidlalo okunesibopho
Ngenxa yamandla nobuhle bayo, i-sailfish iyabhekwa enye yezindebe ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokudoba kwezemidlalo. Ivamise ukubanjwa ngokuhambahamba olwandle, kusetshenziswa izinto zokulutha zokwenziwa, isiyengo esiphilayo noma esifile, ngisho ne-squid yokulingisa. Yaziwa ngokuqina kwayo okukhulu: ngemva kokubanjwa, ishintshana phakathi kokugijima ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye nokugxuma ukuze izame ukuzikhulula kuhuku.
Lokhu kuduma kuye kwafaka ingcindezi kwabanye abantu lapho imikhuba emihle ingalandelwa. Lo mkhuba ususabalele ezindaweni eziningi, ovumela abantu ukuthi bajabulele ukudoba kuyilapho kunciphisa umthelela ezilwaneni. Izincomo zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa izingwegwe eziyindilinga (ezinciphisa umonakalo), ukugcina izinhlanzi emanzini ngesikhathi sokukhululwa, ukugwema ukuphatha isikhathi eside, nokusebenzisa izinto ezifanele ubukhulu bayo ukuze kufinyezwe ukulwa nokuvimbela ukukhathala okukhulu.
Olunye uphawu oluyisixwayiso olushiwo izazi zezinto eziphilayo nabadobi ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene ukunciphisa usayizi omaphakathi kwabanye abantu ababanjiwe, okuyinkomba yokuthi ingcindezi yokudoba ingase iphazamise ukwakheka kweminyaka. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokuqapha, izinkathi zonyaka ezivaliwe lapho kufaneleka, kanye nemfundo yomkhakha wezokungcebeleka kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni abantu abanempilo enempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Mayelana nesivinini, amarekhodi eziqongo eziseduze . Nakuba lezi zibalo zivame ukuhambisana nezilinganiso ezithile ngaphansi kwezimo eziqondile, zibonisa ukuzivumelanisa okumangalisayo kwe-sailfish hydrodynamic: i-caudal peduncle enezimbotshana ezisemaceleni ezinikeza ukuzinza, umsila oqinile omise okwecwephe ukuze udlulise amandla, i-dorsal fin egoqayo ukuze inciphise ukudonsa, kanye nekhala elide elisiza ukusika phakathi kwamanzi.
Ivamise ukudideka ne-marlins noma i-swordfish ngenxa yokugxuma kwayo kanye "noqhwaku" lwayo, kodwa i-sailfish iyabonakala ngokushesha ngenxa yephiko layo elikhulu, elimise okweseyili, ukuba khona kwamaphiko amabili endunu, kanye nephethini yamabha asemaceleni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuhlonza kahle uhlobo ngalunye kubalulekile ekulawuleni nasekulondolozweni kwezinhlanzi.
Ngalolu lwazi, uzokwazi ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nenye yezinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu olwandle. Kusukela ku-anatomy yayo engaqondakali kanye nesivinini esimangalisayo kuya emikhubeni yayo yokuzingela nokuzala kanye nezinselele ebhekene nazo, i-sailfish ihlanganisa ubuhle namandla olwandle. Ukuyibuka ngezenzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusendle noma kuyizithombe, kusisiza ukuba siqonde isidingo sayo vikela abantu babo ngokuziphatha okuhle nokumncoma ngalokho ayikho: umsubathi ophakeme wasolwandle.
