Ezihlokweni ezedlule sikhulume ngakho Ushaka omhlophe njengesinye sezilwane ezinolaka kakhulu ezilwandle. Namuhla size ukukutshela enye ngoshaka. Kulokhu sizokhuluma ngakho inkunzi ushaka. Yize empeleni leli gama lingazwakali livame kakhulu, lingenye yoshaka abavame kakhulu abahlala ogwini nasolwandle lwaseLatin America. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Carcharhinus leucas.
Uma ufuna ukwazi yonke imininingwane ye- izici, ukondla, indawo yokuhlala y ukuzala mayelana naloshaka, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kukhona eziningi ezibonwayo lwaloshaka ezindaweni eziningi. Ine ukukhululeka okukhulu kokunyakaza olwandle futhi maningi impela. Ingakwazi ukuzulazula ngazo zombili amanzi amasha nosawoti futhi kokubili ngasemifuleni nasemachibini ase-Central America nase-Amazon.
Umzimba wakho unawo amaphiko amabili amakhulu asemhlane kanye nomsila omude onelobe engaphezulu emide kanye noqhwaku olungaphambili. Izibonelo ze kuze kufike ku-3,2 amamitha ubude. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesilisa balinganisa amamitha angu-2,1 nabesifazane bangamamitha angu-2,2, kanti abesifazane ngokuvamile banamandla. Umbala wabo grey engxenyeni yomgogodla y mhlophe endaweni ye-ventral, iphethini esiza ukufihla emanzini asogwini namanzi adungekile.
Iwuhlobo lwasolwandle olunedumela lalo uhlamvu olumisiwe futhi ubhekwa phakathi kwezinhlobo zoshaka ezinkulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezingashoni. Isisindo sawo siyahlukahluka phakathi kwama-90 no-200 kilograms noma ngaphezulu kubantu abakhethekile. Kuvame ukukhulunywa ngakho kanye noshaka abakhulu abamhlophe kanye ne-tiger njengomunye woshaka abathintekayo ezigamekweni ezithinta abantu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobungozi bayo. okuthandwayo emanzini aseduze nogu lapho kukhona umsebenzi womuntu.
Umzimba wayo uqinile, unamaphiko e-pectoral abanzi uma kuqhathaniswa kanye nekhala elifushane, elibuthuntu. Intsha ingase ibonise ukusabalalisa izindawo ezimnyama emaphikweni, anyamalalayo lapho ekhula. Ngokuqondene ne-dentition yabo, banayo amazinyo abanzi, angunxantathu, ahlukene, eyenzelwe ukusika inyamazane enkulu; i ukuluma kunamandla kakhulu futhi umhlathi, unemisipha. Ine-nictitating membranes evikela amehlo ngesikhathi sokuhlasela.
Ngokuvamile kuyavela umsebenzi onzima kanye nokuziphatha okungosomathuba. Lapho ezingela, angakwazi ukuzungeza futhi ahlasele inyamazane yawo ngokushesha, asebenzise ithuba lokungabonakali kahle kwamachweba kanye nokuntweza. Ngenxa yomkhuba wabo wokusebenzisa amanzi angajulile, ukuqapha okukhulu kufanele kuthathwe ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo nasemilonyeni yemifula.
Ukucaciswa okubalulekile: izinhlobo ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi "bull shark"
NgeSpanishi, igama elivamile inkunzi ushaka Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuqoka i-taurus carcharia, eyaziwa ngamazwe ngamazwe ngokuthi i-sand tiger shark noma i-sand tiger shark, futhi kwezinye izindawo kuthiwa ushaka ongumhlengikazi ompunga. Lolu hlobo, ngokungafani nesihloko salesi sihloko, lungowomunye umndeni futhi lubonisa izici ezinezici ezifana nalezi amazinyo amade azacile aphumela ngaphandle ngisho nomlomo uvaliwe, amabandla emigedeni, kanye nendlela engavamile yokulawula ukuvuza. Kulesi sihloko, sigxile I-Carcharhinus leucas (inkunzi shark), inkunzi yeqiniso shark yemikhuba ye-euryhaline.
Le ncazelo ibalulekile ngoba i i-intrauterine cannibalism iyisici se i-taurus carcharia, unganikeli I-Carcharhinus leucas. Kamuva sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenkunzi shark okuyisihloko saleli shidi.
Ukusatshalaliswa nendawo yokuhlala
Singathola ushaka wezinkunzi ku Umfula i-Amazon eNingizimu Melika, i Zambezi (yingakho ubizwa nangokuthi ushaka waseZambezi) kanye ne Limpopo e-Afrika, ku Ichibi i-Cocibolca (Nicaragua) futhi i iGanges eNdiya.
Ngokuphathelene nendawo ezihlala kuyo, lezi zilwane zithanda ukuhambahamba izindawo eziseduze namabhishi nogu. Ngale ndlela, bangathola inani elikhulu lezisulu ezizodla kuzo. Laba oshaka batholakala eduze izindawo ezisogwini ezishisayo nezishisayo emhlabeni, oLwandle iPacific, i-Atlantic kanye ne-Indian, futhi ivame ukungena amachweba, amachweba kanye nemifula ngamanzi aludaka.
Ziyizilwane ezivame ukubonisa ukwethembeka kuzo izindawo zokuzalanisa nezokudla ngezigaba ezibalulekile zokuphila kwabo. Nokho, bayakwazi ukwenza ukufuduka okukhulu phakathi kwezinhlelo zasogwini nemifula. Ama-incursions akhuphuka nomfula abhaliwe. amabanga amade, ukusebenzisa amaphasishi emfuleni ukuxhaphaza imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Intsha iyasebenza izinkulisa zemvelo emathekwini, emachwebeni nasezindaweni zemifula, lapho amanzi angashoni, anodaka enikeza ukuphephela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezinkudlwana. Abantu abadala bangahamba phakathi 0 futhi 150 m ukujula njalo, nakuba ukuxhumana kwabantu okuningi kwenzeka phakathi kwamamitha angama-30.
Ikhono laloshaka lokubekezelela amanzi ahlanzekile liyamvumela ukuba enze kanjalo ukugcina izakhamuzi Ezinhlelweni ezithile (njengeLake Nicaragua), ezishintshana nokuphuma ngezikhathi ezithile ukuya olwandle. ukwakhiwa kwamadamu nezinye izithiyo zingaphazamisa imizila yazo futhi zithinte ukusatshalaliswa kwazo komlando.
Ukudla kwe-Bull shark
I-bull shark idla zonke izinhlobo zamadamu olwandleBunjalo ububanzi bokudla kwabo, ukuthi bayakwazi ukudla abanye oshakaUkudla kwabo kuyinto edla inyama ngokuphelele. Ziyingozi kubantu, njengoba indawo ezizingela kuyo iseduze kakhulu nezindawo zokugeza.
Faka ekudleni kwakho izinhlanzi zamathambo, imivimbo, amanye ama-elasmobranch amancane, squid, ama-crustaceans amakhulu ngisho nezimfudu ezincane, izinyoni zasolwandle noma izidumbu ezifile lapho zikhona. Emifuleni nasemachibini ingadla izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti nezinkalankala, ekhombisa uphawu i-trophic Opportunism.
Ukuzingela kuvame ukushuba uma ukusa nokuhwalala, futhi isizakala ngokuguguleka kwamanzi ukuze isondele eduze. Inesistimu yezinzwa ethuthuke kakhulu: umugqa oseceleni ukubona ukudlidliza kanye I-Lorenzini ampoules ukubamba amasimu kagesi ezilwaneni zabo.
Ikhono lokuhamba phakathi kwamanzi ahlanzekile nasawoti alibangelwa indlala eyodwa, kodwa ku-a isethi yezinqubo ze-physiological okuhlanganisa izinguquko ku izinso (ukunciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-urea ezindaweni zokudoba emanzini ahlanzekile), isibindi (indawo yokugcina ama-osmotically asebenzayo compounds), i indlala engunxande (ukukhishwa kukasawoti ezindaweni zasolwandle) kanye nokulungiswa kwe gillLe pulasitiki ye-osmotic, engavamile phakathi koshaka, ichaza ukuthi kungani ushaka oyinkunzi evame ukuvama amanzi omfula kanye nomfula lapho ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane bezingeke ziphile.
Ezindaweni ezinomsebenzi womuntu, imikhuba emibi yokulahla futhi ukuphakela kungashintsha indlela yabo yokudla, ngakho ukuphakela izilwane zasendle akukhuthazwa futhi a ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele yemfucuza yokudoba.
Ukuziphatha nokunyakaza
I-bull shark ishintshana izikhathi ze ukubhukuda nokugada kancane eduze naphansi ngokusheshisa okusheshayo ukuze ubambe inyamazane. Ingatholakala iyodwa noma ngaphakathi amaqembu amancane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokudla okuphezulu.
Iveza ukuziphatha kwe ukuhlala kwesizini emathekwini nasezindaweni zemifula ezisebenza njengezindawo zenkulisa. Ezifundeni ezithile, abesifazane abakhulelwe basebenzisa okufanayo njalo izindawo zokuzala, okubonisa ukwethembeka kwendawo.
Ezindaweni ezipholile ivamise ukwenza ukunyakaza kwesizini kulandela amanzi afudumele, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezishisayo ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kungase kuzinze. Iyakwazi ukukhuphuka imifula ngamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha futhi uhlale lapho isikhathi eside uma izimo zivuma.
Idumela lakhe lokuba nolaka lichazwa kabanzi ngabakwa hlangana nabantu emanzini angashoni kakhulu kunolaka oluphakeme lwangaphakathi. Ukusebenzelana okuningi okungalungile kuhlotshaniswa nakho ukubonwa okuncishisiwe, ukuloya noma ukuba khona kwenyamazane eduze kwabagezayo noma abadobi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Loshaka uyaziwa ukuthi uyawethula amazinga aphezulu e-testosterone ngesikhathi sokukhwelana futhi ingase ibonise ukuziphatha indawo imakwe. Lokhu kungase kuqinise ubukhona bazo ezindaweni ezibalulekile zokuzalanisa nezokudla.
Ngokungafani noshaka obizwa nangokuthi "inkunzi" kwezinye izimo (i-taurus carcharia), the inkunzi ushaka I-Carcharhinus leucas I-placental viviparousNgemva kokukhula kokuqala kwe-embryonic, isikhwama se-yolk sishintsha sibe yi-a placenta okondla imibungu kuze kube yilapho izalwa.
Abesifazane baphethe izibeletho ezimbili (isici sama-elasmobranch amaningi), kodwa kulolu hlobo i-intrauterine cannibalism ayenzeki. ukukhulelwa Ngokuvamile ihlala nxazonke 10-11 izinyanga futhi ama-litters angaba yi- Inzalo e-1 kuye kweziyi-10, kuye ngobukhulu nesimo sikamama. Emiphakathini eminingi, abesifazane bayazala njalo eminyakeni emibili, izinga lokuzala elihamba kancane uma liqhathaniswa nezinhlanzi ezinamathambo.
Abancane bazalelwa e amachweba, amachweba namatheku yosawoti omncane owenza njenge izikhungo zokunakekela izingane, lapho i-turbidity kanye nokujula okungajulile kunciphisa ingozi yezilwane ezizingelayo. Lamaphuphu akala ngokulandelana kwawo amashumi amaningana amasentimitha futhi anjalo ezimele ngokuphelele ekuzalweni, ehlala emanzini angashoni kakhulu phakathi neminyaka yawo yokuqala.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kufinyelelwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingana, kanti abesifazane bathatha isikhathi eside kunabesilisa ukufinyelela usayizi wokuzala. Inhlanganisela ye ukukhula kancane kancane kanye namazinga aphansi okuqasha enza izinhlobo sengozini yokuxhashazwa ngokweqile.
Isigaba sosongo
Lolu hlobo lwezilwane alufakwa ohlwini lwabasengozini yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature, kodwa luyabhekwa ezisengozini emhlabeni jikelele ngokudoba okuhlosiwe kanye bycatch kwezobuciko zasogwini. Kwezinye izifunda, isimo sazo singahluka, nenani labantu elinciphe kakhulu kunezinye.
Uma zisezindaweni ezisondelene nabantu zisengozini kakhulu ukudoba vele izinguquko zemvelo ezihambisana nokuguqulwa kwendawo yokuhlala. Ukwakhiwa kwe amadamu, lo ukungcola ezolimo nezimboni, ukugawula kanye ukulahlekelwa umhlume ukunciphisa izinga nokutholakala kwezindawo zokuzalanisa nezokudla.
Ngokwesiko, oshaka bezinkunzi badotshwa ukuze badayiswe. isikhumba, inyama y amafutha esibindi, nezabo amaphiko zikhulise isidingo ezindaweni zokudoba eziningana. Ukuphatha okuphumelelayo kudinga imikhawulo yokubamba, ukuvikelwa kwe izithombo zezingane kanye nezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukubanjwa okungagunyaziwe, kanye nokulawula uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuqapha izakhi zofuzo zabantu.
La ezemvelo, ukuphathwa kwamabhishi kanye ne ukuhlalisana okunomthwalo wemfanelo Ezindaweni zokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezokungcebeleka, lokhu okubonwayo kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa izingxabano. Ezindaweni lapho izinhlelo zesayensi yezakhamizi ziye zasetshenziswa, ukubona idatha kusiza ukuqondisa imizamo yokonga.
Ividiyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6N-acGU-OI
Ngalolu lwazi, uzokwazi ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nalaba shaki, abathathwa njengabayingozi kakhulu kubantu. Hlukanisa kahle Iluphi uhlobo lwegama elithi “bull shark”?, qonda eyakho i-euryhaline biology futhi i izici zobungozi ezibhekana nazo ogwini nasemifuleni kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe kokubili ukuphepha olwandle namasu ogwini nasogwini lokongiwa kwemifula.