Mhlawumbe, lapho sibhekisela emhlabeni wasemanzini, izinhlanzi zihlala zifika engqondweni. Lezi yizilwane ezibonakala kakhulu zalolu hlobo lwendawo yokuhlala, futhi zingenxa nje yokuthi ahlukahlukene ngezindlela zawo, imibala yazo, ukuziphatha, njll. Akungabazeki ukuthi kuleli qembu lezidalwa singakhomba eziningi, kodwa mhlawumbe i-swordfish ingenye yezinto ezimangalisa kakhulu.
I-Swordfish ibikhona empilweni yomuntu ngezizathu eziningi, ngoba isithandile kusukela endulo. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kube nabaningi kini abangazi izinto ezinkulu ngaye, futhi yingakho senze le ndatshana. Lapha, wena sizokunikeza imininingwane ebanzi ongazi ngayo i-swordfish emangalisayo.
ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi UXiphias gladius, inhlanzi i-swordfish a izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinamathambo okuyingxenye ye-oda Perciformes kanye ilungu kuphela lomndeni XiphiidaeIfuduka kakhulu, inesilhouette esenziwe ngesitayela kanye "noqhwaku" oludumile olunikeza igama layo. Ezifundeni ezahlukene, ibizwa nangokuthi umbusi, i-swordfish o inaliti ye-palatal; kwesinye isikhathi kudidaniswa ne “mako shark”, kodwa lena yakamuva yi-a udoki, hhayi i-swordfish, ngakho-ke kungcono kakhulu ukugwema lokho kudideka. Igama layo lesidlaliso elithi "gladiator" lisho ukuma kwayo kanye nesikhali sayo semvelo.
Indawo yokuhlala yeSwordfish
Kukhona izimo lapho isilwane more eyinqayizivele ukuthi, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola. Lo mthetho awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ku-swordfish.
I-swordfish hlala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba. Vele, akuzona zonke izindawo ezigezwa ngamanzi olwandle ongazithanda. Banokuthambekela okuqinile kwe uhlobo olufudumele lwamanzi, njengasezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele. Ngokuvamile, zihamba ezindaweni eziseduze nobuso, okushisa kwazo kuzungeza i- I-15 ºC. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyiqiniso ukuthi abagcini ngokuhamba kuphela kulezi zindawo, kepha kube nezikhathi, futhi ezingaphezu kweyodwa, lapho bebonakala khona emanzini abandayo, noma sigcizelela ukuthi akuyona indawo ejwayelekile kunazo zonke .
Ngokwemibandela ye-oceanographic, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuhlanganisa cishe phakathi 45° i-latitude esenyakatho kanye no-45° eningizimu, ngokukhetha izindawo lapho zihlangana khona Imisinga ye-Ocean futhi kunokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Bathula ukuziphatha okume mpo kwansuku zonke: Emini zehlela emanzini ajulile futhi kubanda futhi ebusuku bayakhuphuka phezu kwezendlalelo ukuze uphakele. Nakuba zithanda izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-15 ºC, zingakwazi ukuzimela okwesikhashana emanzini asondele ku-5 ºC sibonga ukuzivumelanisa okukhethekile ngokomzimba.
Uma sifuna ukucacisa kabanzi futhi sisho izindawo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlala i-swordfish, sizothola uhlu olulandelayo: enyakatho yePeru, ENyakatho Hawaii, empumalanga yeJapan nezingxenye ze- I-México y United States. Kulezi zindawo ezinonsada omkhulu kunezelwa izindawo eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yePacific (kuhlanganise nemikhakha ye Chile) kanye nezifunda ze IMedithera lapho kunezindawo zokuzalanisa zakudala.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-swordfish
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, i-swordfish, igama layo lesayensi UXiphias gladius, Ingenye yezinhlanzi ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ezake zaba khona. Imfihlo yalesi simo ilele esiteketisweni sayo.
Umlomo omude, ocijile wale nhlanzi uwuphawu lwayo. ngokungangabazi. Lesi sakhiwo samathambo sifana kakhulu nenkemba ende, esetshenziswayo hlasela inyamazane yabo y zivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ngokungafani nama-marlins (isfishfish), “uqhwaku” lwe-swordfish lukhulu isicaba i-conical kangakanani.
Ngale kwalowo mlomo owesabekayo, i-swordfish inomzimba omkhulu. Futhi, yebo, uma sithi mkhulu, sisho okukhulu. Kutholwe izibonelo ezifinyelelwe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-4 y ngaphezu kwama-500 kg, namarekhodi aseduze 540 kgLo mzimba uvame ukunikeza ama-shades luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama ngemuva nasemaceleni, nge isisu esisilivaKufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi mayelana nokwakheka komzimba, abesifazane banamandla kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Esinye isici esiphawulekayo ukuthi abantu abadala balahlekelwa amazinyo nezikali; isikhumba sabo siba bushelelezi futhi umlomo wabo, ongenawo amazinyo asebenzayo, unxephezela ukusetshenziswa inkembaI-dorsal fin iyashintsha ngokukhula: ezinganeni ingaba yinde futhi ibe yi-lobe eyodwa njengoba ikhula.
Ngokuphambene nalokho okucatshangwa ngezinye izikhathi, i-swordfish ayiyona i-ectothermic ngokuqinile: inakho i-endothermy yesifunda (uhlobo oluthile lwe-“homeothermy”). Izitho ezikhethekile amehlo afudumele nobuchopho, okukuvumela ukuthi ugcine kuze kube 10-15 ºC ngaphezulu emanzini azungezile; lokhu kakhulu ngcono yayo umbono kanye nokusebenza kwayo kokuzingela emanzini abandayo, ajulile.
Ekugcineni, yisho ukuthi bayizinhlanzi ezine- umbono omkhulu futhi njengomthetho ojwayelekile, nginesizunguUmzimba wabo we-hydrodynamic kanye nemisipha enamandla ibanika a isivinini nokushesha okungavamile, okuyisihluthulelo sesitayela sabo sokuzingela kanye nokufuduka okude.
Ukudla kwe-Swordfish
Ukuba nesikhali esinamandla njengomlomo waso ocijile nokhombe, kuyakuvumela lokho imikhuba ye-swordfish imnandi kakhulu. Uma ucabanga lokho, uqinisile.
Zingenye yezinhlanzi ukuthi amakhono best ephethe ukuzingela umhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akusancikile kuphela kuleso sikhali esigcizelela kakhulu kuso, kodwa isivinini nokushesha ekuhambeni kwayo iyinikeza amandla amakhulu kakhulu wokudla.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo esingazihlukanisa njengezingaba izisulu ze-swordfish kukhona ezinye izinhlanzi ezifana i-mackerel, hake, ama-atunes, i-barracudas, Izinhlanzi ezindizayo kanye nama-mackerel. Kubo singangeza nokunye crustaceans futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, umabhebhana njenge-squid. Kwesinye isikhathi "basika" izikole de peces ngokunyakaza kwenkemba emaceleni ukuze ishaye inyamazane yayo ngaphambi kokuyigwinya.
Ukuzala
I-Swordfish yizilwane oviparous, okusho ukuthi bazalwa ngamaqanda. Inqubo yokuvundisa yenzeka nge- indlela yokukhulelwa yangaphandle (Abesifazane badedela amaqanda emanzini, okuzophinde kukhuliswe isidoda sowesilisa), futhi kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngaphambi kwezinsikazi.
Ukuzalelwa kwamaqanda kwenzeka unyaka wonke, ngakho i-swordfish ayinaso isikhathi esiqondile sokuzala ezindaweni ezifudumele; emanzini apholile noma abandayo, ukuzala kugxilile entwasahlobo nasehloboIzindawo ezikhethiwe ngokuvamile ziyi Izilwandle zaseCaribbean, izifunda ze Florida futhi i IGulf of mexico, ngaphezu kwezindawo ze- IMedithera kanye nezifunda zasePacific ezinamanzi angaphezulu afudumele; ukuzala kungenzeka ngenhla 75 m ukujula.
Elinye iqiniso, ngaphezu kokufuna ukwazi, ukuthi abesifazane abakwazi ukugcina lutho futhi akukho okungaphansi kwalokho Amaqanda ayi-1 kuya ku-29 million. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngosayizi walezi zinhlanzi, amaqanda mancane kakhulu, awalokothi abe makhulu kune 2 millimeters ububanzi (imvamisa phakathi 1,6 no-1,8 mm). Abesilisa ngokuvamile abavuthiwe ngaphambili (cishe phakathi Iminyaka ye-3 ne-4) kanye nabesifazane ngemva kwesikhashana (Iminyaka engu-4-5), futhi akukho ukunakekelwa kwabazali okuye kwabhalwa ngemva kokubeka, njengoba amaqanda ekhukhuleka ku-plankton.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Embryonic kuyashesha futhi izibungu phuma kancane, eduze 4 mmEzigabeni zokuqala, umzimba cishe awunawo nhlobo umbala; uqhwaku luqala ukumila kusenesikhathi Futhi njengoba zikhula, ingxenye engenhla iba yinde kunengxenye engezansi, ithatha iphrofayili evamile yengane. I-dorsal fin yezingane zingakwazi ukunwebeka engxenyeni enhle yomhlane ngaphambi kokushintsha, njengoba zikhula, zibe isakhiwo esidala.
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo kanye nezivikelo
I-swordfish endala inakho izilwane ezizingelayo ezimbalwa zemvelo ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, isivinini kanye nesikhali sangaphambili. Phakathi kwezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi i-orca futhi i shortfin mako, ushaka oshesha kakhulu (mako shark) ekwazi ukubhekana nabantu abadala, nakuba isengozini: ama-mako sharks ngezinye izikhathi aye atholakala nama-rostrum ashumekiwe. Intsha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, basengozini kakhulu izilwane ezinkulu ze-pelagic. Inkemba isebenza njenge ukuzivikela ukuvimbela futhi njengethuluzi lokuphunyuka.
Izimuncagazi nempilo
Baye bachazwa inqwaba yezinhlobo zama-parasite ku-swordfish, kuhlanganise ubunawo, ama-nematode (njenge anisakis), ama-myxozoans y ama-copepodsEzinye izibungu ze anisakis sebenza njenge amalebula ebhayoloji ukuhlukanisa abantu (isb., phakathi kwe-Atlantic neMedithera). Ngezinye izikhathi, bangase banamathele ukukhumbula y izibani, futhi oshaka abasika amakhukhi bashiya amabala ayindilinga esikhumbeni.
Ukubaluleka kokudoba nezindlela zokubamba
I-swordfish yi- izinhlobo ezithakaselwayo zezentengiselwano kanye nomgomo we ukudoba kwezemidlaloNgokomlando yathathwa nge i-harpoon Kwezinye izifunda, inqubo eseyindabuko ezindaweni ezithile. Njengamanje, indlela esabalele kakhulu umugqa omude ongaphezulu noma ukujula okukhulu, okusebenzisa umkhuba wayo wokuhlala ujule phakathi nosuku. Kuyinto evamile ukusebenzisa amahubo wonke (i-mackerel, i-herring, i-mullet ebomvu, i-bonito noma i-squid), ngisho nezinto zokulutha nazo ukukhanya ukubaheha emanzini ajulile.
Ezikebheni zezemidlalo, imishini eqinile futhi ngezinye izikhathi izisindo zamakhilogremu amaningana ziyadingeka ukuze zifinyelelwe ukujula okwanele emini, kanti ebusuku ama-baits abekwe angashoni. Nakuba bengajwayele ukuhlasela abantu, zingaba yingozi Lapho belimele noma beboshwe ngenxa yamandla enkemba yabo nokuhlasela kwabo.
Ukusetshenziswa, inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nezincomo
Como Inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-swordfish ihlinzeka amaprotheni enani eliphakeme lezinto eziphilayoamafutha anempilo acebile ku-omega-3 (izinzuzo ze-omega-3) kanye namaminerali. Njengomhlahlandlela, ngu 100 g uwoyela ongahluziwe unikela nxazonke I-170 kcal, nxazonke 8 g amafutha, eduze 23 g amaprotheni, kanye namaminerali afana fosforo, potaziyamu, i-magnesio y i-sodium ngamanani aphakathi. Amanani angahluka kuye ngendlela eyisikiwe, imvelaphi, nendlela yokupheka.
Su iphrofayili yokudla okunomsoco isekela izinzuzo zezempilo, nakuba kubalulekile ukucabangela provenance y imvamisa yokusetshenziswaNjengesilwane esikhulu esizingelayo, i-swordfish inganqwabelana i-mercury (i-methylmercury) enyameni yakhe kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Ngobuhlakani, izingane y abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo kufanele khawula noma ugweme ukusetshenziswa kwayo, futhi kuso sonke isibalo sabantu kunconywa ukuthi uyidle ngokulinganisela futhi uyishintshanise nezinhlobo ze izinga eliphansi le-trophicUma ungabaza, kuhle ukubonisana no-a uchwepheshe wezempilo noma a umondli.
Isimo sokulondoloza kanye nezinsongo
Sithemba ukuthi sikwethulise okuthe xaxa mayelana ne-swordfish, ngeshwa eyehlayo ngenxa enkulu yengxenye ye- ukudoba ngokungakhethi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ingenye yezinhlobo ezijabulela ukuba khona okukhulu ekudleni komuntu. Okungeziwe kulokhu yi- ukuncintisana ngokudla nezinye pelagics ezinkulu kanye bycatch ezindaweni zokudoba ezingaqondisiwe. Izilinganiso ze ukuphathwa kwezokudoba, osayizi abancane, izinhloso kanye nemikhuba engcono kakhulu ye nciphisa ukubanjwa okungavumelekile ziyisihluthulelo sokusimama.
I-swordfish isilwane esizingelayo esithakazelisayo nesibalulekile se-pelagic ecosystem: umbhukudi ongakhathali onefiziyoloji eyingqayizivele kanye nenani elikhulu lamasiko nelokudla. Ukwazi kwayo indawo yokuhlala, biology y izidingo zokongiwa isiza ukuyithokozela kangcono futhi uyidle nayo umthwalo wemfanelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwazo olwandle ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
