Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesilwane esinamandla okuthatha ikhaya laso ngokoqobo lapho sifuna khona. Imayelana ne- inkalankalaNakuba ziyizinkalankala, zihlobene kakhulu nama-lobster kunezinkalankala. ezinye izinkalankala zasolwandleAzinalo igobolondo eliqinile njengezinye izilwane, kodwa zinalo igobolondo elivikela umzimba wazo. Okuthakazelisayo ngalesi silwane ukuthi, njengoba sikhula, sisebenzisa amagobolondo eminenke yasolwandle angenalutho ukuze sivikeleke. Impilo yayo ihlanganisa ukucinga amakhaya anethezekile njengoba ithuthuka futhi Mancane kakhulu kuye.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela inkalankala iphila kanjani futhi yiziphi izici zayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Inkalankala yaziwa nangokuthi inkalankala yesosha. I-crustacean engeyomndeni we-decapod futhi Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-500 yalezi izinkalankala emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba izinkalankala eziningi ze-hermit zihlala emanzini, zikhona futhi ezinye izinhlobo ezisemhlabeni.
Isebenzisa amagobolondo eminenke noma amanye ama-mollusk ukuze ivale isisu sayo, njengoba ayinayo i-carapace njengamanye ama-crustaceans. Ithambile futhi, ngakho-ke, abasengozini kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwezilwane ezizingelayo. Ungasho ukuthi iwuhlobo oludla inyama, kodwa aludli izidumbu zezinye izilwane; kunalokho, isebenzisa igobolondo ukuze iphile kuzo.
Ungakwazi ngokuvamile Yibuke ihamba olwandle, idla futhi ikhulaUma kukhona umnenke ofile endleleni, lesi silwane sizoshiya igobolondo laso elidala ukuze livumelane nelisha, elingenalutho. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma igobolondo elisha linethezeke kakhulu kunelidala. Uma ithola igobolondo elincane, ngeke ilithathe. Lokhu kujwayela kwemvelo kuyivimbela ekuguqukeni nasekuthuthukiseni igobolondo layo. Ngokuhlala ukhetha igobolondo lesinye isilwane, akuthuthuki izinhlobo eziningi zezikhali ukuze zivikeleke, njengoba izilwane ezihlukene zohlobo olufanayo ziye zavela.
Yize isayensi ingakakufakaziseli lokhu, ungabona indlela inkalankala esebenza ngayo uma ibona umnenke ophilayo futhi yazi ukuthi igobolondo layo lingaba yikhaya elinamandla. Lokhu kuqinisekisiwe ngoba wahlola amaqembu ezinkalankala ezilandela i-mollusk, elindele ukuthi ife.
Ngale kwalokhu kuziphatha, izinkalankala ze-hermit zibonisa ubudlelwano obuthile bemvelo namagobolondo aziwa ngokuthi i-thanatocresisokuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa kabusha izakhiwo zezinto ezifile. Kubo, ukuthola igobolondo elihle kuyindaba yokusinda, futhi lapho beyindlala, angalwa phakathi kwabantu ukuze uthole okungcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavame ukukhetha amagobolondo e-globular (ububanzi) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinde ngoba zivumela ukuhamba nokuvikelwa okungcono.
Descripción
Ngokuvamile inombala obomvu noma onsunduLokhu kuncike endaweni ezihlala kuzo kanye neminyaka yenkalankala. Avamise ukuhluka ngombala ukusuka kowolintshi kanye nobomvu ngokugqamile ukuya kompunga ngokunsundu, phakathi kokunye. Zinemilenze eyi-10, eyokuqala emibili yayo izinzipho. Uzipho lwesokudla lukhulu kunesokunxele, futhi zombili zinendawo embi, eyimbudumbudu.
Amapheya angu-4 alandelayo emilenze Iwasebenzisela ukuhamba kanti okunye iwasebenzisela ukubamba nokuhlala ngaphakathi kwegobolondo. Inezakhiwo ezimbili ezifana kakhulu nezimpondo ezisebenzisa ukuzwa yonke into eyizungezile futhi ibuke indawo yayo.
Ingxenye engaphambili yenkalankala yilokho esikubona ngaphandle kwegobolondo. Le ngxenye ihlanganiswe ngu-a i-exoskeleton eqinileNakuba isisu sayo kanye nokuphela kwayo yonke okungemuva kuthambile kakhulu. Yingakho sibona inkalankala ye-hermit isonga isisu ukuze ibuyele egobolondweni layo. Kusetshenziswa kanje ukuvikela. Lapho izizwa isongelwa, isebenzisa imilenze nezinzipho ukuze ivimbele umhlaseli ukuba angangeni egobolondweni lakhe futhi ahlasele lapho ebuthaka khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-paguroids amaningi, okulandelayo kuyagqama: ama-peduncle we-ocular Aminyene futhi aqinile, aphuma ebusweni futhi athuthukise umbono wendawo. Kujwayelekile ukuthi uzipho lwesokunxele noma lwesokudla (kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni) lube ethuthukisiwe kakhuluesebenza “njengesango” lokuvimba ukufinyelela kugobolondo. Ezinye izinhlobo zinemilenze nezinzipho ezimbozwe ngaphakathi izinwele noma usilika okwandisa ukuzwela kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa ukudla kanye ne-substrate.
Ngokuqondene nobukhulu, kuye ngokuthi izinhlobo zingaba zincane kakhulu noma zifinyelele amasentimitha amaningana; izinhlobo eziningi ezivamile zasogwini isilinganiso kufika ku-8 cm ubude kusukela ekugcineni kwe-clamp kuya ekupheleni kwesisu esigobile.
Ukudla kwenkalankala yaseHermit nendawo yokuhlala
Le nkalankala ingadla cishe noma yini. Abantu abaningi bayibiza ngokuthi i-sea vacuum cleaner ngoba ingadla noma yini. Ukudla kwayo kuyi-omnivorous futhi kuhlanganisa izimbaza, iminenke, izikelemu, izibungu nezitshalonjll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokusebenzisa amagobolondo e-mollusk efile, ingadla nezilwane ezifile. Njengoba nje nge inkalankala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Iyakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kwayo ngokuhlunga zonke izinhlayiya eziphilayo ezingasebenza njengokudla.
Uma sibheka eduze ukudla kwabo, izinhlobo eziningi ngokuyinhloko ama-scavengerukudla izinsalela eziphilayo kanye nokugcina ulwandle luhlanzekile. Nokho, bangakwazi futhi ukuthwebula izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla njengezikelemu ze-polychaete, ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu, ngisho neminenke yasemanzini kanye nama-bivalves ezingane. Lapho izinsiza ziyindlala, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ziyabukisa ukudla abantu usomathuba. Ziyakhuhla futhi zidle. ulwelwe ukudla okusha noma okubolayo, nezingcezu zezitshalo ezitholakala phakathi kwesihlabathi namadwala.
Mayelana nendawo okuhlala kuyo nendawo esatshalaliswa kuyo, sithola okuthile okubanzi kakhulu. Futhi kungatholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba. Njengoba inendawo yasemanzini futhi ethe xaxa ngasogwini, ingaphila engxenyeni ejulile yolwandle nasemadwaleni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala asogwini nasesihlabathini esisogwini lwamabhishi athile. Imvamisa, Ukujula kwayo okuke kwabonwa kungamamitha ayi-140.
Uma zisemhlabeni, zikhetha ukuhlala zifihlekile emadwaleni, kepha kumele zisondele kakhulu ogwini ukuze zithole amanzi. Mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwayo, kungashiwo ukuthi ikhetha lezo zindawo ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Imvamisa ihlala ngobuningi obukhulu emazweni aseMelika naseYurophu. Kulula ukubona eyodwa yalezi zinkalankala uma usuka e-Alaska uya eMexico noma usuka eGuatemala uye eChile.
Izinkalankala eziningi ze-coastal hermit phakathi kwamagagasi (zihlala endaweni eshintshana phakathi kokucwiliswa kanye nokuvela) kanti ezinye zitholakala kumamitha ambalwa okuqala i-infralittoralEzifundeni ezifana ne- Ulwandle iMedithera noLwandle Olumnyamafuthi empumalanga ye-Atlantic, ngokuvamile bayathanda izinqe ezinamatshe anemifantu nenqwaba yamagobolondo angenalutho e-Nassarius, Monodonta, Calliostoma, Nucella, Gibula, Ocenebra, noma Cerithium. Igobolondo layo, ngaphezu kokunikeza isivikelo, igcina amanziLokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zigcine amagill azo emanzi isikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kwamanzi.
I-taxonomy kanye nezigaba
Inkalankala ingekaMbuso Izilwane, Filo I-Arthropoda, I-Subphylum I-Crustacea, Ikilasi I-Malacostraca, Ukuhleleka I-Decapoda, I-Infraorder I-Anomur kanye ne-Superfamily I-PaguroideaLo mndeni omkhulu uhlanganisa imindeni efana I-Paguridae, I-Diogenidae, I-Coenobitidae (okuhlanganisa ndawonye izinhlobo eziningana zasemhlabeni), I-Lithodidae, I-Parapaguridae, I-Pylochelidae nabanye. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuchaza ukuthi kungani, nakuba sizibiza ngokuthi "izinkalankala", zihlobene kakhulu nazo ama-lobster kanye namanye ama-anomurans anezinkalankala zangempela.
Ukuziphatha namasu okuzivikela
Lapho inkalankala ye-hermit ikhula, idinga i-moltOkokuqala, ihlola ngokucophelela ingaphakathi kanye nokuvulwa kwamagobolondo atholakalayo ngezinsimbi zawo; uma ithola efanelekile, "iyanyakaza" ngomnyakazo osheshayo ukuze inciphise isikhathi sokuchayeka. Phakathi nesikhashana esifushane phakathi kokushiya igobolondo elidala nokungena kwelisha, isilwane sihlala sihlala abangenakuzisiza ebhekene nezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Ngezikhathi zokukhula, izinkalankala eziningi ze-hermit zikhulisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi emzimbeni cishe I-70% yesisindo sayo Lokhu kusiza ukuwohloka kwe-exoskeleton endala, inqubo emva kwalokho i-cuticle yabo ithambile futhi basengozini kakhulu. Phakathi nalezi zigaba, bafuna izindawo eziphephile namagobolondo amakhulu angavimbeli ukunyakaza kwabo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zenza a ukuzwana ne ama-anemones ahlabayo abawanamathisela emagobolondweni abo. Ama- anemone athola ukudla okwengeziwe ngokuhamba, futhi inkalankala ithola ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ngamakhemikhali; lapho beshintsha amagobolondo, kuvamile kubo hambisa i-anemone “yabo” ngobumnene. Lokhu kuziphatha kunciphisa ukudla. de peces kanye nama-octopus.
Ukulawula ukuchayeka kwabo, izinkalankala eziningi ze-hermit zinjalo ebusukuZinyakaza ikakhulukazi ebusuku ukuze ziphakele. Ziyi-benthic, okusho ukuthi exhumene nesikhwama, futhi abavamile ukuphambuka kuyo phakathi nemijikelezo yabo yansuku zonke.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenkalankala yeHermit
Lezi zilwane zine a ukukhiqizwa kwe-oviparousOkusho ukuthi, zizala emaqandeni. Abesifazane bavame ukuzala kabili ngonyaka. Isikhathi sazo esikhulu sokuzalanisa siphakathi kukaMasingana noNhlolanja, lapho izinkalankala ze-hermit zihlala ngasogwini lolwandle. Kubikwa abesifazane abahlala ekujuleni bangakwazi ukuthwala amaqanda abo ezibelethweni zabo cishe unyaka wonke.
Uma sezikopishile, yizinsikazi ezithwala amaqanda ngaphansi kwesisu izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho uzidedela zingene olwandle futhi kulapho izibungu zikhona, onendlela yokuphila ye-pelagic, uhlala unhlanhlatha amasonto ambalwa. Uma sezichanyuselwe, zivela ezindaweni ezibizwa ngama-zoe eziyingxenye yeplankton.
Njengoba zikhula, zikhipha isikhumba sazo kaningi. Kuphela kuze kube yilapho unezimpondo ezine kanye nezibopho ezi-4 lapho uzokwazi ukuthola igobolondo elikuvumela ukuthi uvikele wonke umzimba wakho. Ngenxa yalokhu kuvikelwa manje sebengashiya ulwandle baqale ukuthuthukisa isicoco sabantu abadala.
Ukwandisa lolu lwazi, ngemva kokuchanyuselwa izibungu zidlule ezigabeni ezimbalwa ze zoea futhi emva kwalokho isigaba se i-megalopaesevele ikhombisa izikhonkwane kanye nokuziphatha okufana kakhulu nesiteji sentsha. Lapho bethola igobolondo elifanele futhi behlezi phansi, baqedela ukuguquguquka kwesigaba sabantu abadala intshaUkuzala kungaba phezulu, nge amakhulu enzalo i-clutch ngayinye kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni, ubukhulu bensikazi kanye nokutholakala kwamaminerali afana ne-calcium.
Ubudlelwano nabantu, izinsongo nokongiwa
Como ama-scavenger abalulekile Ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem, izinkalankala ze-hermit zifaka isandla ekugayweni kabusha kwezakhi kanye nokugcina ulwandle luhlanzekile. Nokho, babhekana nezinsongo ezifana... iqoqo igobolondo ngabantu, okunciphisa inani lezindawo zokukhosela ezitholakalayo; ukungcoliswa kanye nokulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlala ezisogwini; bese uthwebula i ukuhweba ngezilwane ezifuywayoUkuthengiswa kwazo njengezilwane ezifuywayo sekudume kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, kodwa ukuzigcina ngaphandle kwendawo yazo yemvelo kuvame ukuba njalo finyeza impilo yakho futhi zibafake ekucindezelekeni, ikakhulukazi uma izidingo zabo zemvelo zingahlonishwa.
Ubunikazi obunesibopho benkalankala ye-land hermit
Ezinye izinhlobo zasemhlabeni zomndeni I-Coenobitidae Zithengiswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Nakuba ukugcinwa kwabo kudingekile futhi kunganconywa kwabaqalayo, uma unquma ukwenza kanjalo ngendlela enolwazi nesemthethweni, qiniseka ukuthi ukhiqiza kabusha izimo zemvelo nezomphakathi:
- UkufakwaI-terrarium noma i-paludarium okungenani engu-80 × 40 × 40 cm ifanele iqembu elincane. Uma indawo ebiyelwe inkulu, iba ngcono enhlalakahleni yabo.
- UkushisaIzinga lokushisa elifanele phakathi kuka-26 no-28 °C, ligwema ukweqa u-30 °C. Ebusuku ingehla ibe ngu-21 °C.
- UmswakamaUkusebenza kahle okuphezulu, phakathi kuka-70 no-90%. Ifafaza amanzi ngaphandle kokudala ama-puddles futhi igadwa nge-hygrometer.
- Ukuthumela okungaphansiOkungenani ukushona kuka-10 cm ngesihlabathi, amatshe amahle, i-humus, noma amagxolo kaphayini. Kumele ivumele bamba futhi ugcine umswakama. Ungakwazi ukwengeza isibani. lefoni ukufudumala.
- UkuphephaBangabaqwali abanekhono; i-terrarium kufanele ibe ubufakazi bokuvuzaInikeza izakhi zokukhuphuka (amatshe, izimpande, amacansi kakhukhunathi) nokucasha.
- AmanziInikeza izitsha ezimbili ezingajulile, eyodwa enamanzi elimnandi for hydration kanye gill moistening futhi omunye nge Amanzi kasawoti (olungiselelwe ngosawoti wasolwandle othize, ungalokothi usawoti wetafula) ukuhlinzeka ngamaminerali afana ne-calcium.
- Izimila kanye nomhlobisoIzitshalo ezingezona ezinobuthi ezijwayele umswakama ophezulu, njenge amafern kanye nobulembu; izindawo zokukhosela nezingodo zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
- Amaminerali: uyengeza ithambo le-cuttlefish noma imithombo ye-calcium ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-exoskeleton ngemva kokubola.
- AmashalofuInikeza amagobolondo amaningana ahlukene osayizi nobujamo (okungcono ukuthi iyindilinga) ihlale ihlanzekile futhi ingenayo i-varnish. Ukufinyelela okuqhubekayo "emakhaya" afanelekile kunciphisa ukulwa nokucindezeleka.
Ekuthunjweni, ukudla kwabo kufanele kube okuhlukahlukene: imithombo yamaprotheni (izilwane zasolwandle, izinambuzane ezomisiwe), imifino, ulwelwe kanye amaqabunga omile iphephile. Gwema ukudla okugayiwe futhi, uma kungenzeka, khuthaza ukudla Ukufihla izingxenye ezincane phakathi kwe-substrate. Khumbula ukuthi bayizilwane ezithanda ukuhlala ndawonye; zigcine ku-a nginesizungu Kungaba okuphambene nenhlalakahle yakho.
Nakuba kunezinyathelo zokunakekela ezingathuthukisa izinga lempilo yazo, inkambo enomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu ukuthola ngemvelaphi engokomthetho yezibonelo, ukubeka phambili ukwamukelwa kwabantu asebevele basindisiwe kanye nokuhlola ezinye izindlela zemfundo ezingabandakanyi ukususwa kwabo emvelweni.
Inkalankala ye-hermit, nomkhuba wayo omangalisayo wokuncibilika ukuze ikhule futhi iphile, iyisibonelo sokuzijwayeza kanye nokubaluleka kwezinsiza ezitholakalayo endalweni. Ukuqonda yayo biology, indima yayo yezemvelo njengendlela yokuvuselela izakhi kanye ne izinsongo Izinselele ababhekana nazo zisisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi kungani kufanele sivikele izindawo zabo zokuhlala futhi, uma sigcinwe ekuthunjweni, ngaso sonke isikhathi sikwenze ngaphansi kweziqondiso ezinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu.
