Cishe uke wezwa inkulumo ethi "iqiniso liyisihambi kunenganekwane" izikhathi eziningi. Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo lapho umuntu eqala ukubona umuntu wangempela. inkalankala yesicabucabu yaseJapan, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Macrocheira kaempferiI-decapod crustacean onomfanekiso wayo, onemilenze emide kakhulu, ufana nowespider. Kuyisilwane esishayayo, esigcwele... ukuvumelanisa okumangalisayoizici zazo, indawo yokuhlala kanye nelukuluku esizozihlola kulesi sihloko ngokuningiliziwe.
Uma ufuna ukwazi zonke izimfihlo, curiosities kanye nendlela yokuphila Japanese spider crab, kulokhu okuthunyelwe uzothola lonke ulwazi olubalulekile. kunwetshiwe futhi kwabuyekezwakufaka phakathi idatha yokuhlukaniswa, ubukhulu, ukuziphatha, ukukhiqiza kanye nobudlelwano bayo nabantu.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lesi silwane sithola igama laso elivamile kulo i-arachnid aestheticsUmzimba omncane, oqinile lapho kuphuma khona imilenze emide kakhulu. Igobolondo (i-carapace) lingafinyelela [usayizi othile] ngamasampula amakhulu. 30-40 amasentimitha ubude, kuyilapho ingqikithi yamaphiko ukusuka esihlokweni somlenze ukuya kwelinye ingadlula Amamitha angu-3,7 futhi usondele ku Amamitha angu-4 Ezimweni ezingavamile. Ngezinga elikhulu, lingaba nxazonke 19-20 kgNgakho-ke, kubhekwa njenge I-arthropod enkulu kakhulu ephilayo we planethi.
Umzimba umumo ongunxantathu futhi umbozwe ngo-a i-chitin exoskeleton ngama-spinules nama-protuberances. Ngokuphambene nombono owandile wokuthi inkalankala "eyimpumputhe ngokuphelele", ayiyona: inawo. amehlo ahlanganisiwe kuma-peduncleIncane ngosayizi futhi inombono wokujula okulinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ineziningi izinwele zezinzwa (amakhowe) nezimpondo ezithola ukudlidliza emanzini, ziwasize ukuthi aziqondise futhi ondle endaweni emnyama.
Inkalankala yaseJapane ivela umbala osawolintshi ukuya kobomvu-owolintshi, nge amachashazi amhlophe noma amachashaza ngasemilenzeni. Yabo imilenze yangaphambili igcina nge-chelae enkulu (izinzipho) futhi zinde ngokusobala kunezinye, ezigqamisa i-silhouette yayo. Lolu hlobo lunayo i-dimorphism yezocansi Ukumaka ezinziphoni: abesilisa bavame ukubonisa ama-cheliped amade futhi aqinile kunezinsikazi.
Kuthiwa izikhonkwane zayo zinamandla ukwedlula imihlathi yengwenya; nokho, nakuba i amandla okubamba Ubukhulu obumangalisayo nokwakheka kwe-chelae yayo, esetshenziselwa ukuzivikela kanye nokukhwabanisa kokudla, akusekelwe ubufakazi obuqinile. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu nokwakheka kwazo, Ingadala umonakalo uma ingaphathwanga kahle.yingakho kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi iphathwe ngenhlonipho.
ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi
- Umphetho: I-Arthropoda
- I-Subphylum: I-Crustacea
- Isigaba: I-Malacostraca
- I-oda: I-Decapoda
- I-Underorder: I-Brachyura
- Umndeni: Inachidae
- Ubulili: I-Macrocheira (ummeleli ophilayo kuphela)
- Izinhlobo: I-Macrocheira kaempferi
Indawo nendawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo
Lezi zinkalankala zihlala amanzi ajulile ePacific ngaphambi kwe izifunda zaseJapaneikakhulukazi emashalofini ezwekazi kanye nasemithambekeni. Ibanga elijwayelekile lokujula liphakathi 200 namamitha ayi-600Nakuba ama-specimens aqoshwe ekujuleni okungashoni futhi okukhulu kuye ngendawo nesikhathi sonyaka. Bakhetha ezansi enamatshe, enesihlabathi noma enodakalapho bethola khona indawo yokuhlala nokudla endaweni ekhanyiswe kalufifi.
Izimo ezishisayo zendawo yazo zivamile amanzi abandayo, nxazonke I-10-15 ° CEkujuleni, bavame ukuhlala imigede nemigodi yokusiza ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho ukuzinza kwemvelo kuthanda bona. Okusondele kakhulu lolu hlobo lwezilwane kuye kwabonakala ebusweni cishe ngamamitha ayi-50 futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ku intwasahlobo, lapho abantu abadala befuduka okwesikhashana emanzini angashoni ukuze bazalane.
Isici esiyingqayizivele se I-Macrocheira kaempferi yiyona i-crypsisLo mshini wokufihla uqukethe ukunamathela izinsalela igobolondo layo kusukela endaweni ezungezile (ulwelwe, izipontshi, nezinto ezingaphansi) ukuze kuhlanganiswe nokuma kwezwe. Njengoba i-crab molts noma ukushintsha kwendawoBangakwazi futhi esikhundleni salezo zinto, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi zaziwa ngokuthi "izinkalankala" noma "ezimboziwe".
Ukuvikela lolu hlobo lwezilwane ngesikhathi salo esibucayi, Kwezinye izifunda, ukuthwebula kwayo kukhawulelwe noma kuvinjelwe entwasahlobo.isikhathi sokuzala. Ngokuvamile, inkalankala yesicabucabu saseJapane Akanawo umlingiswa onolaka nabantu futhi ingagcinwa ngezinjongo zemfundo ku izindawo zasemanzini zomphakathi ifakwe kahle, lapho okuguquguqukayo okufana nezinga lokushisa, usawoti, umoya-mpilo kanye nesikhala sokuhamba kuyaqashwa.
Ngokwemvelo, i izilwane ezidla abantu abadala ziyindlala uma kuqhathaniswa; nokho, i izingwane Ziyakwazi ukuhlasela futhi zilimaze imilenze yazo. Ukudotshwa ngamanetha kubangela enye ingozi, njengoba kungababamba ngephutha futhi kubangele ukulimala.
Ukudla kwenkalankala yaseJapan
Nakuba abantu abaningi bengayibheka, ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo, inkalankala esesabekayo Akayena umzingeli okhutheleUkudla kwabo kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ingcuba (izinsalela eziphilayo nezinhlanzi ezifile) kanye i-jellyfish, ngaphezu kwezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezinomzimba othambileNgakho-ke, ingachazwa ngokuthi i-omnivore engosomathuba, ekwazi ukudla izilwane nezitshalo (okuhlanganisa ulwelwe), ukuhlanza ulwandle ngokwemvelo futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile yezemvelo.
Ngenxa yemilenze yayo emide, ingakwazi lungisa i-substrate ekufuneni ukudla futhi avule ngenkani amagobolondo ezinye mollusk. qola Angamathuluzi asebenzayo okuzivikela nawokukhohlisa nokudwengula inyamazane noma izinsalela. Ezindaweni zasemanzini, kwesinye isikhathi ziziphatha njenge isikhiphi sikadotinakuba njalo ngaphansi kokuphathwa okukhethekile ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yabo.
Akukho ngaphansi kwezimo lapho inkalankala yesicabucabu yaseJapane ingahlukaniswa ngokuthi odla abantuNgokuphambene nalokho, isimo sengqondo esivamile ezolile futhi engaphikisaniAbantu abaye bathintana nezifanekiso ezikhungweni zemibukiso babika okuthile... thobekileNokho, njenganoma yisiphi isilwane sasendle esikhulu, ukuphathwa okuqondile akukhuthazwa ukuze kuphephe futhi kugwenywe ukucindezeleka.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenkalankala yaseJapan
Ukukhiqizwa kwayo ucansi kanye ne-oviparousBanezitho zobulili ezibhanqiwe; abesilisa abanawo umthondo weqiniso, kodwa ama-appendages ashintshiwe (ama-gonopods) ezisebenza njengesitho sokukopisha ukudlulisa i-spermatophore kowesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana nokuhlangana, kuvamile ukubona owesilisa ephethe owesifazane ngaphansi komzimba wakhe; i ukukhwelana Kungathatha amahora futhi, ngemva kwalokho, bangahlala ndawonye isikhashana.
Abesifazane benza i- iqanda elixhunywe kuma-pleopods (ama-appendages esiswini) bese uwuhambisa ngaphansi kwesisu kuze kube yilapho uchanyuselwa. Isizini ngayinye bangakhiqiza kuze kufike ku-1,5 million amaqanda, kokungaphezulu kancane Ububanzi obungu-0,6mm ngamunye. Ukufukamela kuncike ezingeni lokushisa nezinye izimo zemvelo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kudlula izinkundla eziningana. the zoea izibungu Ine-rostrum, amehlo ahlangene, kanye ne-telson, futhi ibhukuda ngokuqhubekayo kukholomu yamanzi; ngemuva kwe-molts eminingana, iphenduka ibe i-megalopamanje esifana nenkalankala esencane enama-pereiopods asebenzayo nama-pleopods. Ngemuva kwama-molts alandelanayo, ihlala phansi futhi ithatha ifomu i-juvenile benthic. Eyodwa nje iphesenti elincane kusukela izibungu kuya ebudaleni, okuchaza fecundity eliphezulu.
Ukukhiqiza kuvame ukugxiliswa ku intwasahlobolapho abantu abadala befudukela khona izindawo ezingajulile (cishe amamitha angama-50) ukuze kwandiswe impumelelo yokuzala kanye nokukhula kwezibungu. Ukuvumelanisa nesikhathi sonyaka kuthanda ukuhlakazeka kwezibungu nokuphila.
I-Molting, ukukhula, kanye nemikhawulo yosayizi
Njengawo wonke ama-arthropods, inkalankala yesicabucabu saseJapane ikhula ama-molts (i-ecdysis)I-exoskeleton eqinile ayikhuli ngosayizi okhulayo, ngakho-ke isilwane kufanele ukukhipha igobolondo ukwakha entsha, enkulu. Phakathi nale nqubo, inkalankala iba okwesikhashana engozini ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nezifo, njengoba i-cuticle yayo isathambile futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukuqina.
Ezilwaneni ezinkulu, ukubola kuhlanganisa a izindleko zamandla aphezulu kanye nezikhathi zokuchayeka ezinde, ezibeka imikhawulo yemvelo kusayizi wakho omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, nakuba izinhlobo zifinyelela izilinganiso ezingavamileIbhalansi phakathi kokukhula, ukuvikelwa, kanye nempumelelo yemvelo yenza kube nzima ngama-arthropods ukweqa ubukhulu benkalankala yesicabucabu saseJapane.
Ukongiwa, ukuziphatha, nokuxhumana nabantu
Inkalankala yesicabucabu saseJapane kancane, ihlezi futhi ayixabani ngokwemvelo. Izisulu zazo zemvelo njengabantu abadala zimbalwa; i izingwane Ziphakathi kwezibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yekhono lazo lokunyakazisa izitho zomzimba. Kwezinye izindawo, yabo bamba ukuze usetshenziswe ube nengcindezi kubantu bendawo, yingakho kukhona izinyathelo zokuvikela isifundaikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokuzalanisa.
Akusona isilwane esiyingozi kubantu; izinsimbi zayo eqinile futhi evikelayokodwa ayiwasebenzisi ukuhlasela ngaphandle kokucasulwa. Ezindaweni zasolwandle ezihlonishwayo, okuhlanganisa nezikhungo ku Japan naseYurophuIngabonwa eduze, ikuvumela ukuthi ufunde ngebhayoloji yayo. Ezinye izifanekiso zombukiso zithole ukuduma kwemidiya ngeziteketiso ezihehayo ezifana nokuthi «I-Crabzilla"Noma"Kong", okube nomthelela ekusabalaliseni ulwazi lwabo nasekukhuthazeni i imfundo nokongiwa kwemvelo yezilwane zasolwandle.
Uhlonishwa ngo-a impilo ende enkulungezilinganiso ezithatha amashumi eminyaka ambalwa kanye nezinkomba ezikhomba kuzo kufika eminyakeni eyi-100 Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, nakuba ukunquma iminyaka yabo endle akulula. Lokho kuhamba kancane kwempilo kanye neqhaza labo njenge i-scavenger ebalulekile Lokhu kwenza kube uhlobo oluyisihluthulelo lwebhalansi yolwandle.
Amaqiniso ajabulisayo namaqiniso asheshayo
- Rekhoda amaphiko: Ngobude bomlenze, iyi-arthropod ephilayo enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwayo (kufika ku-~4 m).
- I-Master of camouflage: Isebenzisa i-crypsis, inamathisele ulwelwe nezipontshi egobolondweni layo.
- Ukufuduka kwesizini: Abantu abadala bakhuphukela ku-~50 m entwasahlobo ukuze bakhiqize kabusha.
- Indima yemvelo: Akuyena umzingeli osebenzayo; ihlanza phansi ngokudla ingcuba kanye nezinsalela eziphilayo.
Ukubamba nokubuka lolu hlobo lwezilwane endle kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi otusekayo. Kuyaziswa kakhulu e-Asian cuisine, futhi abanye abadobi bayehla ekujuleni okukhulu ukusesha usebenzisa amasu athile. Imilenze eneziphini zinde kunabanye, futhi wonke umzimba ongunxantathu ukhulisa amaphiko awo.
Ngokusho kwabanye ababhali, izikhonkwane zayo zingaba namandla kakhulu, futhi nakuba amandla ayo ngezinye izikhathi enziwa ihaba ngokuyiqhathanisa neyengwenya, inhlanganisela yayo usayizi, i-exoskeleton eqinile kanye ne-chelae Inikeza ukubamba okuphawulekayo. Ihlala ingusomathuba omkhulu olwandle, ngakho zimbalwa izilwane ezincane ezikwazi ukuphunyuka uma zifika lapho zingafinyelela khona.
Ezindaweni zasolwandle eziphethwe kahle, ingafuywa ngenjongo yokufundisa noma yokuhlobisa, inqobo nje uma izidingo zayo zihlonishwa. izidingo zemvelo (isikhala, izinga lamanzi, izinga lokushisa, nokudla okuhlukahlukene). Ngenxa yokuthobeka kwaso, kunokubhekwa ezindaweni lapho isilwane siboniswa khona ukubekezelela ukuba khona komuntu.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nenkalankala yesicabucabu saseJapane, kusukela kuyo izilinganiso eziyingqayizivele kanye namasu okufihla kuze kufike kubo indawo yokuhlala ejulileukukhiqiza kanye nendima yezemvelo. Inhlanganisela yolwazi lwesayensi kanye nokubhekwa ezindaweni zasemanzini kuveza njenge umdondoshiya onokuthula okugqugquzela inhlonipho futhi kugqamise ukubaluleka kokulondoloza imvelo yasolwandle lapho ichuma khona.
