Isithombe - Flickr / Arthur Chapman
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lwenkalankala eyaziwa ngokuthi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Imayelana ne- inkalankala kakhukhunathi. Igama layo lesayensi ngu i-birgus latroNakuba kubhekwa njengenkalankala enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, lesi sitatimende sinezici ezithile. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi yinkalankala enzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni, njengoba ingaba nkulu kakhulu kunenkalankala enkulu yaseJapan kanye nenkalankala yesicabucabu eyaziwayo ngokwesisindo, yize lezi ezimbili zokugcina ziyidlula ngobude bayo ngoba zihlala emanzini. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi inkalankala kakhukhunathi ihlala unomphela emhlabeni ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo njengabantu abadala.
Kulesi sihloko sizohlola ngokujulile izici, the indlela yokuphila, lo ukondla, lo ukuzala kanye nalo isimo sokulondolozaukuhlanganisa yonke idatha eyaziwayo njengamanje ngenkalankala kakhukhunathi.
Izici eziyinhloko zenkalankala kakhukhunathi
Le nkalankala ingeyomndeni we-arthropod futhi ihlobene kakhulu ne- inkalankala, njengoba zombili ziyingxenye ye-infraorder I-AnomurEqinisweni, inkalankala kakhukhunathi ibhekwa njenge- inkalankala enkulu yasendle yasemhlabeniUbukhulu bayo obungavamile buye baholela ososayensi abaningi ekuchazeni njengesilo sangempela sombuso wezilwane.
Isici sokuqala esivelele yiso usayizi omkhuluIngasinda amakhilogremu angu-4 noma ngaphezulu futhi ibe nobude bomzimba obungaba amasentimitha angu-40, kanye ne- ubude bomlenze okungaba phakathi kwamamitha angu-1 nangu-2 uma kunwetshwe ngokugcwele. Sekukonke, kungafinyelela cishe imitha elilodwa ukusuka esicongweni somlenze owodwa kuya komunye, okwenza kube i-arthropod yomhlaba esindayo kakhulu eyaziwayo.
Ngalobu bukhulu obukhulu, le nkalankala ikhula imilenze emibili yangaphambili emikhulu kakhulu, ihlome... ama-tweezers angalingani futhi anamandla kakhuluAma-pincer asebenza kokubili ukuzivikela kanye nokusebenzisa amandla amakhulu okuchoboza ezinyamazaneni nasezintweni eziqinile njengamakhukhunathi. Izifundo ze-biomechanical zilinganisele ukuthi la ma-pincer angasebenzisa amandla angamakhilogremu angamakhulu, afana nalawo ezilwane ezinkulu ezizingela ngokuluma.
umzimba we i-birgus latro, njengawo wonke ama-decapod, ihlukaniswe yaba yisigaba esiphakathi noma i-cephalothorax (lapho ikhanda nesifuba kuhlangene khona) nemilenze eyishumi, kanye nesisu. Imilenze yokuqala emibili yakha ama-pincer amakhulu, kanti eminye emibili elandelayo iyimilenze yokuhamba eqinile kanye khuphuka iziqu zezihlahla zikakhukhunathiImilenze yesine incane futhi inama-pincer emaphethelweni: ama-juvenile ayisebenzisela ukuzibopha ngaphakathi kwamagobolondo noma izingcezu zikakhukhunathi, kuyilapho ama-juvenile eyisebenzisela ukuhamba nokunyakaza okunembile. Imilenze yokugcina incishisiwe kakhulu futhi ikhethekile hlanza futhi umanzise izitho zokuphefumula.
Phakathi kwezinkalankala ezingavamile kakhulu kukhona inkalankala kakhukhunathi, enekhono layo eliyingqayizivele amakhukhunathi avulekile ngezinsila zayo ezinamandla zokudla okuqukethwe yiyo. Lokhu kuziphatha kokubhoboza ukhukhunathi ngemifantu yokuhluma nokukhipha uqweqwe kuhlukile embusweni wezilwane futhi kudinga ubuchwepheshe, amandla, kanye nesineke.
Nakuba kubhekwa njengohlobo lwenkalankala yasendle, ukuqala kokuqala kokuphila kwalesi silwane kwenzeka e- umNjengakwezinye izinkalankala zasemakhaya, izinkalankala zikakhukhunathi zichanyuselwa njengezibungu ezincane ezizulazula nemisinga yolwandle emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okuphila kwazo. Njengoba zikhula, zihlala isikhashana phansi kolwandle bese ziqala ukufuna igobolondo elizolisebenzisa njengekhaya lazo elihambayo. Yingakho sishilo ekuqaleni ukuthi zifana kakhulu nezinkala zasemakhaya: amaphuphu adinga igobolondo ukuze ahlale kulo. vikela isisu sakho esithambile.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinkalankala zasemakhaya, izinkalankala ezindala zikakhukhunathi azisasebenzisi amagobolondo ezinye izinkalankala. Uma ziphuma emanzini unomphela, ziqinisa isisu sazo ama-deposit e-calcium ne-keratinukwakha igobolondo labo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangakwazi ukugoqa umsila wabo ngaphansi kwesisu sabo, njengoba kwenza izinhlobo eziningi zezinkalankala, okunikeza isivikelo esengeziwe futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni ukulahleka komswakama.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kuhambisana nesitho esiyingqayizivele esibizwa ngokuthi iphaphu le-branchialInkalankala kakhukhunathi ine-sphincter, isakhiwo esiye savela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi siyinhlanganisela phakathi kwama-gill namaphaphu. Ngenxa yalesi sitho, inkalankala kakhukhunathi ingaphefumula umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni futhi iphile ezweni ngaphandle kokudinga ukubuyela olwandle, ngaphandle kwesigaba sayo sokuba yizibungu. Njengoba inkalankala kakhukhunathi ikhula ezweni, kancane kancane iya ngokuya incika kakhulu emagobolondweni futhi iqinise izivikelo zayo.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nokusabalala kwenkalankala kakhukhunathi
Inkalankala kakhukhunathi inemikhuba emhlabeni nasebusukuIhlala kakhulu eziqhingini ezincane naseziqhingini zase- I-Indian Ocean futhi i I-Western Pacificlapho ithola khona izimo ezifudumele nezinomswakama ezidingayo. Ingatholakala ikakhulukazi e- amahlathi e-limestone asogwini, izindawo ezinezihlahla zesundu eziningi, izindawo eziluhlaza kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi noma ethambile lapho ingamba khona.
Iningi labantu bayo ligxile eziqhingini eziqhelelene kakhulu, lapho umthelela wabantu ubulokhu uphansi khona ngokomlando. Ihlala kuphela ezweni lapho isikhulile, yize izinhlobo zayo ziqoshwe ngamakhilomitha amaningana ngaphakathi ezweni, uma nje kunezindawo zokukhosela ezifanele kanye nemithombo yokudla eyanele. Impumelelo yayo ekukhuliseni iziqhingi ingenxa yesigaba sayo sezibungu zasolwandle, lapho imisinga yolwandle ingathutha izibungu amabanga amade.
Imigodi yezinkalankala zikakhukhunathi itholakala endaweni enesihlabathi, enhlabathini ethambile noma imifantu emadwaleniEzimweni eziningi, isilwane sizimba imigodi yaso, bese siyivala nge-clamp emini ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama futhi kugcinwe i-microclimate enomswakama Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela izitho zabo zokuphefumula ukuba zome. Lokhu kuziphatha kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuncika kwazo ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinezinga elithile lomswakama.
Ngaphezu komehluko wosayizi phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane (abesilisa ngokuvamile bakhulu), umehluko ungabonakala phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivela eziqhingini ezahlukene. ukuhlukahluka kombalaLe mibala ingahluka kusukela kophuzi nophuzi kuya konsundu noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingancika ku-genetics, uhlobo lomhlabathi, ukudla, kanye nezinye izici zemvelo.
Ukusabalala kwendawo kwenkalankala kakhukhunathi kubonisa ezinye izindawo ezibonakala zifanelekile kodwa ezingenazo izakhamuzi, okuhlobene ingcindezi yomuntu kanye nokuzingela okujulile. Eziqhingini eziningana ezisendaweni yayo yomlando, isiphelile ngokuphelele ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwabantu kanye nokuguqulwa kwendawo yayo yokuhlala esogwini.
Ukudla kwenkalankala kakhukhunathi
Ukudla kwalesi silwane esingenamgogodla, esibhekwa njengesisengozini ezindaweni eziningi, akusekelwe kuphela kukhukhunathi, njengoba igama laso lingase lisho. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi amakhokho Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwazo, yingakho zibizwa kanjalo, kodwa azizona zodwa ezizisebenzisayo. Ukuze zifinyelele kulesi sibalo esikhulu kangaka, i-coconut crab kumele idle izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayokokubili izitshalo nezilwane.
ukudla kwe i-birgus latro Yakhiwe kakhulu izithelo, ikakhulukazi ukhukhunathi namakhiwane, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa amaqabunga, izithelo ezibolayo, amaqanda ofudu, izidumbu zezinye izilwane kanye namagobolondo azo, okukholelwa ukuthi ziyayinikeza football ukuqinisa uhlaka lwazo lwangaphandle. Isidingo sazo sokudla sikhulu kangangokuthi ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa ingcuba ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo, okuyinika indima ebalulekile njengomphindeli wezinto eziphilayo esiqhingini.
Ososayensi babhale phansi ukuthi kwezinye iziqhingi, lapho umthombo wazo oyinhloko wokudla (amakakhukhunathi) unqabile noma usakazeke kabanzi, izinkalankala zikakhukhunathi sezibe uhlobo lwenkala ikakhulukazi isisuluZiyakwazi ukuhlasela noma yisiphi isilwane esiseduze esingakwazi ukubaleka ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi sokubuka endle, kuye kwaqoshwa ukuhlaselwa kwezimfudu zasolwandle ezincane, amagundane asePolynesia, izinyoni ezisanda kuzingela, kanye nezinye izinkalankala.
Ukuze yenze lokhu, isebenzisa izimpintshi zayo ezinkulu nezinzipho zangaphambili ukuhlasela izilwane ezinjengezinkukhu, amakati, amagundane, noma ezinye izilwane ezizingelayo. Njengoba sazi, ukuvula ikhukhunathi akuwona umsebenzi olula; nokho, lezi zilwane azinankinga yokuvula lesi sithelo esiqinile. Uma zithola ikhukhunathi, zidinga kuphela ukusebenzisa izimpintshi zazo zangaphambili ukuze dabula isembozo esinezintamboUma i-coconut isenayo i-fiber yayo yangaphandle, iqala ngokuyisusa ibe yimichilo endaweni yokuhluma, lapho kubonakala khona izikhala ezintathu ezincane. Uma isivele iveziwe, ibhoboza enye yalezi zikhala ngokushaywa okubukhali kwe-pliers ize yakhe imbobo lapho ingafaka khona ama-tweezers amancane bese ikhipha inyama. Izibonelo ezinkulu zingaba ngisho phula ukhukhunathi ube yizicucu eziningana ukufinyelela ngaphakathi kalula.
Ngaphezu kukakhukhunathi nezithelo, zidla nokhuni olubolile, ama-lobster molts, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, izibonelo zezinhlobo zazo Uma ithuba livela, bazosebenzisa ukudla abantu, okubonisa ukuthi bangaba ukudla abantu ezimweni zokuntuleka noma ukuncintisana. Eziqhingini eziningi, uhlu lwezinsiza ezisetshenziswa yilezi zilwane lukhulu ngokumangalisayo.
Ukuze ithole ukudla, le nkala isebenzisa umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela kanye nezimpondo zayo ezinamandla, ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo nezitho zezinambuzane ezinukayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkalankala zasolwandle, ezibona ama-molecule encibilika emanzini, inkalankala kakhukhunathi iguqule izakhiwo zayo zokuzwa ukuze ithole iphunga emoyeni. Izimpondo zayo zinezakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-aesthetes, ezifana kakhulu ne-sensilla yezinambuzane, futhi lesi silwane sizishukumisa ngokushesha ukuze sibambe kangcono iphunga elithwalwa umoya.
Lo muzwa wokunuka othuthuke kakhulu uvumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuthola ukudla. amabanga amadeBakhangwa kakhulu yiphunga elinamandla njengenyama eyosiwe, ubhanana ovuthiwe, ukhukhunathi oqhekekile, noma imfucuza yemvelo ezindaweni zokulahla udoti. Eqinisweni, bavame ukuya ezindaweni lapho abantu bepheka khona ngaphandle, bedonswa yiphunga.
Ngokuvamile idla ebusuku futhi ichitha usuku lonke ifihliwe emihumeni emincane yamatshe noma emigodini ezimba yona esihlabathini noma enhlabathini ethambile. Lokhu kuziphatha ebusuku kuyayisiza ukuthi vimbela ukomisa ukunciphisa ingozi yokudla ezinye izilwane. Izilwane ezidla ezinye ezithinta kakhulu izinkalankala zikakhukhunathi namuhla azizona zemvelo kakhulu njengenkala uqobo. ukuba ngumuntu futhi kwangeniswa izilwane ezincelisayo, njengezimpuku nezingulube, ezihlasela kakhulu izingane ezincane.
Zikhula kancane kakhulu futhi azifinyeleli ekuvuthweni kokuzala kuze kube yilapho sekudlule iminyaka eminingana (kulinganiselwa phakathi kuka-4 no-8, ngokuvamile cishe cishe iminyaka engu-6). Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila endle singaba yiminyaka engama-30-40, kanti ezinye izifundo kanye nokuqashelwa kwezindaba zibonisa ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, zingaphila iminyaka efinyelela kwengu-60, okuzibeka phakathi kwezilwane ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
Ukuzalana kwenkalankala kakhukhunathi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuhlanganisa isigaba somhlaba nesolwandle. Ukuzalana kwenzeka ngesikhathi izwekaziNgokuvamile ngesikhathi sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama. Induna nensikazi bahlangana ngephunga nokudlidliza emhlabathini, njengoba amehlo enkalankala kakhukhunathi engabonisi kahle. Ngemva kokuthandana isikhashana, ngaphandle kokuzabalaza, induna iyakwazi ukuphendulela insikazi phansi ukuze ihlangane. ukulingisainqubo engathatha imizuzu eminingana.
Ngemva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi, ahlala enamathele ngaphansi kwesisu sayo. Amasonto amaningana, amaqanda ahlala evikelekile kuyilapho insikazi iqhubeka nokuphila kwayo ezweni, yize ivame ukuhlala eduze nogu. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuchanyuselwaNgokuhambisana namagagasi kanye nezimo ezithile zemvelo, insikazi iya olwandle bese ikhulula izibungu (i-zoeae) endaweni yokuntweza emanzini, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokuntweza kwamanzi amaningi.
Izibungu zichitha isikhathi sokuqala zintanta olwandle, zidla i-plankton kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezincanePhakathi nala masonto bavezwa inani elikhulu lezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke ingxenye encane kuphela ezosinda. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, izibungu ziguquka zibe yisigaba esiphakathi esibizwa ngokuthi i-glaucothoe futhi baqala ukusondela ogwini lolwandle kanye nogu.
Kulesi simo, ama-glaucothoe amancane afuna amagobolondo amancane angenalutho noma izingcezu zekhasi likakhukhunathi ukuze avikele isisu sawo esibucayi, enza njengoba kunjalo. inkalankalaBahlala benjalo amasonto amaningana, bengena bephuma emanzini, baze bagcine beshiya indawo yasolwandle bese bethuthela ezweni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ikhono labo lokuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi liyancipha kakhulu futhi bangakwazi baminza uma behlala becwiliswe emanzini isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Amancane asengozini enkulu yezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye izilwane, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezilethwayo ezifana namagundane, izingulube, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zezintuthwane ezihlaselayo. Ingxenye encane kuphela yazo ezokhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasampula amadala awanayo ngisho nezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ngaphandle kwabantu.
Ukuziphatha komhlaba kanye nendlela yokuphila
Inkalankala kakhukhunathi iyisilwane UwedwaIsebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Emini, ihlala ifihliwe emihumeni noma emifantwini emadwaleni ukuze izivikele ekushiseni futhi ivimbele ukulahleka komswakama. Ngokuvamile ivala kancane indlela yokungena endaweni yayo yokukhosela ngelinye lamazipho ayo noma ngemfucumfucu yezitshalo, okusiza ekugcineni indawo yangaphakathi epholile nenomswakama.
Njengoba ubusuku buqala, inkalankala ishiya umgodi wayo futhi ihamba amabanga amade iyofuna ukudla. Ukunyakaza kwayo kungamboza izindawo ezinkulu zokudlaikakhulukazi eziqhingini lapho inani labantu liphezulu khona. Liyindawo ngezinga elithile futhi lingabonisa ukuziphatha okunolaka uma lizizwa lisongelwa noma uma enye inkalankala izama ukuhlasela indawo yalo yokukhosela.
Ngaphandle kwamandla akhe, uvelele ngekhono lakhe lokwenza gibela izihlahlaikakhulukazi izihlahla zesundu. Isebenzisa imilenze yayo enamandla ukubamba isiqu nokukhuphukela phezulu, lapho ingathola khona izithelo okunzima ukuthi ezinye izilwane zasemhlabeni zifinyelele kuzo. Leli khono, lihlanganiswe nama-pincer alo, lichaza idumela layo njenge "sela lesihlahla sesundu" ngezilimi eziningana, njengoba ingaphinde yebe izinto ezicwebezelayo noma ukudla kwabantu ekuthola emakamu nasezindlini eziseduze nogu.
Ukungaboni kahle kwakhe kubuyiselwa umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela kanye nekhono lokubona ukudlidliza emhlabathiniLokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ibone ukuba khona kwezinye izilwane noma abantu kude. Uma izizwa isongelwa, ingazivikela ngokuphakamisa izinzipho zayo, futhi ngeke inqikaze ukuzisebenzisa uma ikholelwa ukuthi iyahlaselwa.
Ukuze igcine amagilavu ayo ephilile, idinga ukumanzisa izitho zayo zokuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi olwandle noma ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Imilenze yokugcina emibili ilungiselelwe kahle ukuqoqa amanzi endaweni ezungezile kanye yishaye ezicutshini ezithambile komgodi wokuphefumula, oqinisa lezi zakhiwo ngasikhathi sinye futhi uvumele isilwane ukuthi siphuze.
Inkalankala kakhukhunathi esengozini
Izinhlobo zalezi zilwane azikaze zifundwe ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke, inani eliqondile lezilwane zasendle alaziwa. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) iyibeke ohlwini njengohlobo olune idatha entula (isigaba se-DD), okusho ukuthi asikho ulwazi olwanele lokuhlola ngokucophelela ingozi yayo yokuqothulwa emhlabeni wonke.
Kodwa-ke, izifundo zakamuva zesifunda kanye nokubonwa kwembula ukuthi inqwaba yalezi zinkala ine kwehle kakhulu eziqhingini eziningi. Lokhu kwehla kungenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile, ukulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala yasogwini, ukungeniswa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane, kanye nokuntuleka kwezilwane umthetho osebenzayo ohulumeni abathile ukuze bavikele lolu hlobo.
Njengoba inani labantu eziqhingini landa futhi izilwane zasekhaya (izinja, amakati, izingulube) kanye nezinhlobo ezihlaselayo (amagundane, izintuthwane ezinolaka) seziqalisiwe, kuye kwaba nezinguquko ekuziphatheni, ekudleni, kanye nasekudleni izilwane kulo lonke uchungechunge lokudla. Izingane ezincane zizwela kakhulu kulezi zinguquko, okunciphisa inani labantu abafinyelela ebudaleni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwanda kwabantu kudale i- ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwenkalankala kakhukhunathi ngenxa yenyama yayo emnandi. Le nyama iyigugu kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamuzi zaseziqhingini eziningi futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kwezenhlalo namasiko. Ize ihlotshaniswe nezakhiwo zokuvusa inkanuko futhi ukunambitheka kwayo kuqhathaniswa nokwe-lobster noma i-lobster yaseYurophu, kanye nokuncane kwekakhukhunathi ngenxa yokudla kwayo.
Ucwaningo lwango-1989 lubonise ukuthi isilinganiso sezinkalankala ezingu-24 zazibanjwa ngenyanga eziqhingini ezihlaziyiwe. Lolo cwaningo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwalo okuhambisana nalo kucaphuna izilinganiso eziphakamisa isibalo sonyaka sibe ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu; isibonelo, inani elilinganiselwa lezinkalankala ezingu-49.824 ngonyaka liye lakhulunywa ngalo, lisabalaliswa phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwendawo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eNew Zealand. Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi ukuxhashazwa okuqhubekayo, ngisho nasezingeni elibonakala liphansi ngesiqhingi ngasinye, kungafinyelela inani elingazinzile uma kucatshangelwa yonke indawo yokusatshalaliswa.
Isidingo sezinkalankala sikhule kakhulu, futhi ezindaweni eziningi, inani lazo lehle kakhulu. Izifundo zesifunda ziphawule ukuthi, eziqhingini ezithile, izinkalankala eziningi zazibanjwa inyanga ngayinye ukuze zisetshenziswe futhi zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe—inani eliphakeme kakhulu lohlobo lwezinkalankala. ukukhula okuhamba kancane kanye nokuvuthwa sekwephuzileNgokwesilinganiso sonyaka, lokhu kungaba yizinkalankala eziyizinkulungwane eziningana ezithathwe ezinhlotsheni ezincane, into engazinzile isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu komthelela oqondile wokuzingela, ukuthuthukiswa kogu Ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yezokuvakasha, amachweba, imigwaqo, kanye nentuthuko yasemadolobheni kunciphisa futhi kuqhekeze indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yalolu hlobo. Ngokususa amahlathi asogwini, izindawo zokumba imigodi, kanye nezindawo zokuzalela, izinkalankala ziba nendawo ephephile yokuhlala nokuzala.
Kwezinye izifunda, inkalankala kakhukhunathi ivikelwe yimithetho evimbela ukubanjwa kwayo ngaphansi kobukhulu obuthile noma inciphise izikhathi zonyaka lapho ingavunwa khona, okubonisa izinkathi ezivaliwe kwezinye izilwane ezihlala emanzini abandayo. Kukhona nezindawo zokugcina imvelo kanye namapaki kazwelonke lapho ukuzingela kwayo kuvinjelwe khona ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni eziningi le mithetho ayanele noma kunzima ukuyisebenzisa, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini ezikude ezinezinsiza zokuqapha ezilinganiselwe.
Izinhlobo ezincane zisengozini yezinhlobo ezidla inyama ezingavamile, njengamagundane nezingulube, kuyilapho ezindala cishe zidliwa ngabantu kuphela. Ngenxa yobukhulu namandla azo okwesabekayo, zizuze indawo ekhethekile emasikweni abantu bakulesi siqhingi, kokubili njengomthombo wokudla kanye nesici ezindabeni zendawo, emasikweni, nasezintweni ezimangalisayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka kokuphathwa okunesibopho kungafaka engozini ukusinda kwazo isikhathi eside. uhlobo oluhlukile kangaka.
Inkalankala kakhukhunathi, enenhlanganisela yayo yokuguquguquka komhlaba, amandla angavamile, ukuziphatha kwayo kokuzikhukhumeza, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, imelela esinye sezibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zendlela i-crustacean yasolwandle ekwazile ngayo ukunqoba indawo ezungezile. Ukuqonda izici zayo, i-biology, kanye nezinsongo ebhekene nazo kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi kungani ukulondolozwa kwayo kubaluleke kangaka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zeziqhingi zasezindaweni ezishisayo kanye nasezindaweni zemvelo ezibone ukuvela kwayo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane.