I-stonefish (Synanceia spp.) Kuqashelwa njengesinye sezidalwa eziyingozi nezibulalayo kakhulu emhlabeni wasolwandle ngenxa yezici ezimbili eziyinhloko: ushevu onamandla ngokwedlulele kanye nalo ikhono lokufihla ikhanda elimangalisayoLezi zici ezimbili ziyahlangana ukuze zenze i-stonefish ibe isilwane esizingelayo sangempela esingabonakali phansi olwandle futhi ibe usongo ngisho nakubantu, abangase babhekane nemiphumela engathi sÃna uma beyinyathela ngephutha noma bayibambe. Igama layo livela ekhonweni layo lokufana netshe noma idwala elimbozwe ulwelwe ngokwakheka nangombala, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulibona.
Okuvamile
El inhlanzi zamatshe ingeye-oda i-Tetraodontiformes kanye neyomndeni I-Synanceiidae. Nakuba ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ngephutha namatshe noma izingcezu zamakhorali, empeleni iyinhlanzi engavamile, ebukeka kabi kanye nesikhumba esimbozwe amaqhubu ayenza ibukeke ngendlela engavamile futhi efana nokulingisa. Ukucasha kwayo okumangazayo akugcini nje ngokuyivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, kodwa futhi kuyimpahla yayo engcono kakhulu i-ambush predator, eqamekele enganyakazi kuze kube yilapho inyamazane isondela ngokwanele.
Kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando, abantu baye bathola ukuthintana, kokubili ngengozi nangamabomu, nezinhlobo ezingase zibe usongo ekusindeni kwazo. I-stonefish ingenye yezimo eziphawulekayo, njenge Ukulunywa okuningi kwenzeka ngengozi, lapho inyathelwa noma ithintwa ngokucabanga ukuthi idwala, ngaleso sikhathi igebha imigogodla yayo yomgogodla bese ikhipha ubuthi bayo obunamandla ngokwedlulele.
Nokho, i-stonefish nayo inezilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo; phakathi kwabo kukhona imisebe ye-manta, oshaka (njengaye emhlophe noma ingwe) kanye nabanye imikhomo yokubulala, ezingadla inqwaba yalezi zinhlanzi uma zikwazi ukugwema imigogodla yazo enobuthi.
Njengamanje, ziye zachazwa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-1.200 de peces anobuthi, kodwa i-stonefish ivelele njengeyingozi kunazo zonke, idlula ngisho nezinyoka eziningi zasolwandle nezasemhlabeni ezinobuthi.
Izici ze-Stonefish
I-stonefish ibonakala ihlukaniswa ngokubukeka kwayo okumaholo, nama-protuberances amaningi ayenza ifane nedwala elimbozwe ulwelwe kanye nenzika yasolwandle. Umzimba ungase ubekhona imibala eguquguqukayo: onsundu, ompunga, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, omhlophe noma obomvu, okuyenza ikwazi ukuzifihla ezindaweni ezinamatshe nesihlabathi. Ivamise ukumbozwa ama-algae, amakhorali amancane nezinye izinto ezihambisana nayo amafinyila omzimba anamathelayo, iqinisa ukulingisa kwayo.
La ikhanda Isicaba, umlomo ubheke phezulu futhi amehlo amancane kusatshalaliswa phezulu ukuze kuqashwe imvelo ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokuvamile bayafinyelela ubude buyi-30-40 cm, nakuba kunezibonelo ezifika ku-60 cm ezimweni ezifanele futhi zingaba nesisindo esingafika ku-2 kilogram.
Ngokuqondene nokuphila isikhathi eside, Baphila phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 neyi-12 endle, kuye ngezimo zendawo abahlala kuzo kanye nezinsongo ezivela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Isici esifanelekile nesabisayo yisona 13 imigogodla enobuthi. Le migogodla ixhunywe nezindlala ezikhiqiza ingxube ye cytotoxins, neurotoxins futhi ngezinye izikhathi myotoxins Iyabulala inyamazane futhi iyingozi kunoma yimuphi umhlaseli, kuhlanganisa nabantu. Indlela yokuzivikela icushiwe lapho ingcindezi isetshenziswa emigogodleni, ngokushesha nangokulinganayo ijova ubuthi esilondeni.
Ubuthi obunamandla be-stonefish bubhekwa enamandla kunawemfezi. Ikhiqiza ngamaminithi Ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki, ukuvuvukala, ukukhubazeka kwemisipha, ukuwohloka kwenhliziyo futhi, uma ungakutholi ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, ukushaqeka nokufa phakathi namahora ambalwa.Ukuhlasela kuveza ubuhlungu obufinyelela umvuthwandaba esikhathini esingaphansi kwehora futhi bungakhanya esithweni esithintekile.
El ubuthi bukhishwa ngokulingana nengcindezi ebekiwe emeveni. Isinyathelo ngephutha singaletha inani elibulalayo lobuthi. Ngaphezu kokubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ubuthi budala izimpawu zesistimu:
- Isifo sokuphefumula: ukuphefumula kanzima.
- Umthelela wenhliziyo: i-arrhythmia, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphansi, umfutho wegazi ophansi noma ukushaqeka.
- Ukubonakaliswa kwesikhumba: ubuhlungu obukhulu, izinguquko zombala kanye necrosis yendawo.
- Izimpawu zamathumbu: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo nobuhlungu besisu.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, kunjalo Kubalulekile ukugeza isilonda, ukuvimbela isiguli nokufaka ukushisa kwendawo. (cwilisa indawo emanzini ashisayo) ngenkathi ufuna usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo. Ukushisa kusiza ubuthi be-denature, futhi amakhambi athile ayatholakala emazweni amaningi anezindawo eziwumqedazwe.
I-stonefish inokuzivikela okusebenzayo okusebenzayo: lapho izizwa isongelwa, iphakamisa umphiko wayo womhlane futhi iveze iqolo layo njengesixwayisoLesi signali ngokuvamile sanele ukuze izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zigweme ukuqhubeka nokuhlasela.
Mayelana nokusabalalisa, i-stonefish itholakala ikakhulukazi ku izixhobo, izinqe ezinamatshe kanye nesihlabathi samanzi afudumele de I-Australia (Great Barrier Reef), i-Indo-Pacific, i-Maldives, uLwandle Olubomvu, i-Indonesia, i-Philippines, i-Caribbean, ngisho ne-Mediterranean kanye nogu lwaseFloridaBakhetha amanzi angashoni, anothile ngezindawo zokukhosela, ngokuvamile angaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100 ukushona.
Umthamo othakazelisayo wokuguquguquka wale nhlanzi yilokho ingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi amahora angu-24 Uma igcinwe endaweni enomswakama, imele ingozi eyengeziwe kulabo abahamba emabhishi anamatshe futhi bangase bayinyathele ngephutha lapho amagagasi aphansi.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuzifihla
Ukuziphatha kwe-stonefish kubonakala ngemvelo yayo ezolile, zenziwa futhi azishintshileIhlala inganyakazi amahora amaningi, ihlangana kahle nephansi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idwala, i-coral, noma isihlabathi. Izimpiko zayo ezinkulu ze-pectoral zize ziyivumele ukuthi izingcwabe kancane ngaphansi kwesihlabathi, okwenza ingabonakali ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane.
Lona aqamekele isu Isebenza kahle kakhulu: i-stonefish ilinda ngesineke kuze kudlule inhlanzi noma i-crustacean, ngaleso sikhathi isuke iyigwinye ngokunyakazisa kanye. Naphezu kokubonakala ihamba kancane, ukuhlasela kwe-stonefish kungathatha nje imizuzwana engu-0.015, okuyenza ibe enye yezinyathelo ezisheshayo embusweni wezilwane.
Ngenxa yokucasha kwayo, i-stonefish ayigcini nje ngokukwazi ukubamba inyamazane yayo kalula, kodwa futhi ibalekela ukubonwa ngabatshuzi nababhukudi, okwandisa ingozi yezingozi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-stonefish ayinalo ulaka, futhi isebenzisa kuphela ubuthi bayo njengendlela yokugcina lapho izizwa isongelwa noma isetshenziswe ngephutha.
Ukudla
I-stonefish i inyamazane kanye nesilwane esizingelayo. Ukudla kwabo okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusk nama-shrimp. Inqubo yabo yokuzingela ihambisana kwezinye izimo ngokukwazi bazifihla emadwaleni nangaphansi kwesihlabathi ukulinda inyamazane yabo.
Lapho inyamazane isondela ngokwanele, i-stonefish ivula umlomo wayo omkhulu obheke phezulu futhi imunca ngesivinini esimangalisayoLe nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule izilwane ezishesha ngaphandle kokuzinika isikhathi sokusabela.
Ekuthunjweni, njengama-aquariums, ukudla kwabo kuvame ukujwayela ukutholakala, kodwa kuhlale kunokudla kwenyama entsha noma eqandisiwe.
Emasikweni ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi eJapane naseChina, i-stonefish ibhekwa njenge ubumnandi obubucayi. Lapho yaziwa ngokuthi Okoze futhi idliwa ezitsheni ze-sashimi, nakuba ukulungiswa kwayo kudinga ukuqapha okukhulu ukugwema ubuthi obunzima.
Ukuzala
La ukukhiqizwa kwe-stonefish ilandela amaphethini ajwayelekile ezinye izinhlobo zamakhorali. Umjikelezo wokuzala ngokuvamile uqondana nobusika sekwephuzile nasekuqaleni kwezinyanga zasentwasahlobo, nakuba kuncike endaweni ethile. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi izalela amaqanda. amaqanda emigodini nasezimbotsheni zamadwala, lapho iduna liwavundisa khona ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.
Bobabili abazali vikela amaqanda I-Fry esanda kuzalwa itholakala endaweni isikhathi esingadlulela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. I-stonefish encane isivele inoshevu ophumelelayo, nakuba ulinganisele kakhudlwana, kusukela ekuqaleni, ozinikeza isivikelo esithile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Mayelana nokuziphatha kokuzala, i Amaduna avamise ukuba makhudlwana futhi abe namandla ukuthi ezinsikazi futhi, ukuze zizihehe, zingakhiqiza imisindo noma ukunyakaza ngomzimba wazo njengengxenye yomkhuba wazo wokukhwelana.
I-Stonefish nabantu: izingozi nokuvimbela
Okusemqoka ingozi kubantu ivela ezingozini zengoziUkuzifihla kwabo okuphelele kubenza bangabonakali emehlweni abantu, futhi ukuhamba nje bengafake zicathulo phansi olwandle kungase kuphumele ekuntinyeleni okuyingozi kwe-stonefish.
- Izinyathelo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo: Gqoka izicathulo ezivikelayo lapho uhamba ezindaweni ezinamatshe amaningi, amakhorali noma phansi kwesihlabathi, futhi ugweme ukuphatha izilwane zasolwandle ezingaziwa.
- Inhlonipho ngendawo yokuhlalaKubalulekile ukuthi ungaphazamisi noma uzame ukusebenzelana nalezi zinhlanzi; indima yabo ku-ecosystem yasolwandle ibalulekile ekulinganiseni kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
- Izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe uma kwenzeka ulunywa: Hlala uzolile, nciphisa ukunyakaza ukuze uvimbele ubuthi ukuthi ungasakazeki ngokushesha, faka ukushisa endaweni ethintekile (amanzi ashisayo aphakathi kuka-40 no-45°C) futhi uye ngokushesha esikhungweni sezokwelapha ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okufanele futhi, uma kungenzeka, ikhambi elihambisanayo.
Imiphumela yokulunywa okungalashwanga ingasukela ubuhlungu obukhulu, i-tissue necrosis, imfiva, i-arrhythmia kanye nokwehluleka ukuphefumula kuze kube, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i ukufa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini.
Ukusabalalisa ulwazi mayelana ne-stonefish nokuvimbela ukuphathwa kwazo akusizi nje ukusindisa izimpilo zabantu, kodwa futhi kulondoloza uhlobo lwezilwane futhi kukhuthaze ulwandle oluphephile kuwo wonke umuntu.
I-Curiosities kanye nephepha lemvelo
Ngaphezu kokuba enye yezinhlanzi ezimbalwa ezikwaziyo ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi kuze kube amahora angu-24 Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemetabolism kanye nesikhumba esimelana ne-desiccation, i-stonefish idlala indima ebalulekile njenge-a umhlaseli olawula abantu yezinhlanzi ezincane, izinkalankala kanye nama-crustaceans, okusiza ukugcina ibhalansi yemvelo emanzini lapho ihlala khona.
Naphezu kwedumela layo elisabekayo, i-stonefish akayena umuntu ohlukumezayo ongakhethi Futhi ukulunywa kwazo kubantu kuyivelakancane uma kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Ukucasha kwabo okungavamile kanye ne-arsenal enobuthi kuyimpendulo yemvelo endaweni egcwele izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nokuncintisana kokudla.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-stonefish, naphezu kokuba yingozi kangaka, iyingxenye yokudla kanye nesiko lokupheka lamazwe aseMpumalanga, lapho kuphela abapheki abakhethekile abangalungisa lezi zitsha ezinhle nezimba eqolo.
Ukuthakasela ngalesi silwane esiyingqayizivele ukuthi ukusibona nokutadisha kwaso kuvame ukufunwa ngentshiseko ohambweni lwesayensi nokutshuza, njalo kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidlulele ngenxa yengozi enkulu esiyimele.
I-stonefish ihlanganisa ubungozi bebhayoloji obungenakuqhathaniswa nobuhle kanye nemfihlakalo eheha ongoti bezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nabathanda ukuzilibazisa.Ukubuka lezi zilwane ezicashile, ezinganyakazi, futhi ezicishe zingabonakali phansi olwandle kuyinto engasoze yalibaleka, kodwa kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhambisane nenhlonipho ephelele ngokuphepha kwethu siqu kanye nokongiwa kwalezi zakhamuzi ezesabekayo zamadwala namabhilidi ogwini lolwandle.
