Kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezibukeka njengezinye izilwane. Kwenzeka esimweni se- I-Roosterfish noma i inhlanzi yengwenya. Kulokhu, sizosondela ukuhlangabezana ne- inhlanzi yeselesele. Yifishi igama layo ngokwesayensi IHalobatrachus didactylus nokubukeka kwawo kufana nokweselesele. Ineqolo elinobuthi futhi uyi- izinhlobo eziyingqayizivele okusele kohlobo I-Halobatrachus.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezici, indlela yokuphila kanye curiosities yalolu hlobo, kanye izincomo zokuphepha futhi a iphrothokholi ebuyekeziwe yesenzo ngokumelene nodosi lwayo. Ingabe ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-toadfish?
Izici eziyinhloko
Inesakhiwo samathambo aqinile futhi ahlangene, anekhanda elibanzi neliyisicaba, elifana nele i-sunfish ekubukekeni kwawo okukhulu. Ubude abafinyelela kuzo Izibonelo zabantu abadala ngokuvamile ziba ngu-50 cm ubude.Umzimba ufana nowexoxo: eyindilinga, enkulu futhi enomlomo obanzi, enikezwe amazinyo akwazi ukubamba inyamazane eshelelayo.
Emaphikweni, inamaphiko amabili omhlane ahlukene kahle. i-dorsal fin yokuqala unayo ameva amathathu amafushane futhi aqinile, ikakhulukazi embozwe isikhumba. the i-dorsal fin yesibili Yinde futhi ine izipika ezithambile (imvamisa phakathi kuka-19 no-24) imbozwe ngu-a ungqimba lwamafinyila. Ingabe i-mucosa evikelayo kunciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezizingelayo kanye nezimpahla zokudoba zibambe.
Njengamanye ama-batracoidids, kuyakhombisa isikhumba esingenasikali, ukuthungwa okubushelelezi nokuphindaphinda ukugoqa okuqinile ekhanda. Amehlo atholakala phezulu, okwenza kube lula ukugadwa ngenkathi isangcwatshwa kancane. amaphiko e-pectoral Zibanzi, zimise okwefeni, futhi i-ventral Zitholakala phambi kwama-pectorals, cishe ngaphansi komphimbo, idizayini ewusizo yokuhambisa kusuka phansi. i-caudal fin iyindilinga.
Umbala wayo onsundu ngokukhanyayo con amabala amnyama, akha amaphethini afihlekile phansi esihlabathini nodaka. Lo mbala, kanye nomkhuba wabo wokumba, uyabanikeza ukufihla okuhle kakhulu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amabhande noma imivimbo ingabonakala ekhanda kanye namaphiko ngamathoni aphuzi noma ocher, izici ezivamile eqenjini.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo, isici sayo esivelele yisona umthamo we-acoustic: Iyakwazi ukukhipha imisindo (ukugedla, ikhwelo kanye nesici “sokubhodla”) ngenxa yesinye sayo sokubhukuda kanye nemisipha ehambisana nayo. Abesilisa yibo abakhuluma kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho zisebenzisa lezi zingcingo ukuze zihehe futhi zigcine insikazi eduze nesidleke futhi bethuke abanye abesilisa.
Ububanzi, indawo yokuhlala nokuziphatha
Singathola i-toadfish kuyo yonke indawo ogwini lwe-Atlantic e-Afrika nasentshonalanga yeMedithera. Uncamelayo amanzi asolwandle ashisayo, uma kuqhathaniswa efudumele futhi engashoniKuvamile phakathi 10 namamitha ayi-50 ijulile, nakuba ingasondela ogwini uma kukhona ezansi ezifanele. Nakuba iwulwandle ngokuyisisekelo, izibonelo ziye zachazwa zikhuphuka izindawo eziphansi zemifula (ngokwesibonelo, eGambia), okubonisa ukubekezelela ukuhlukahluka kosawoti.
Ngokuvamile, Yinhlanzi ehlezi. Ihlala kuyo isikhathi eside isihlabathi esithambile noma udaka, ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele ungcwatshwe ingxenye, futhi ingafihlwa naku imifantu yamadwala kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile phansi. Lokhu kuziphatha kokulinda kuyakuvumela ukuthi baqamekele inyamazane nezindleko zamandla eziphansi kakhulu.
Ukudla kwabo kungukuthi a umzingeli osomathuba: dla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-molluscs y crustaceans. Ukuhlanganisa umlomo obanzi, imihlathi enamandla futhi ukucasha kwayo kwenza ukuhlasela kwayo kusheshe futhi kuphumelele.
Ukukhiqiza kuveza ukuziphatha okumangalisayo. the insikazi izalela amaqanda amakhulu futhi i owesilisa uyabagada, ukuvikela isidleke ngokuma, ukuzwakala futhi pecks uma kudingeka. Izingcingo ezizwakalayo zisiza ukugcina insikazi iseduze nesidleke futhi inqande abahlaseli.
Ingozi yobuthi
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, inhlanzi iwuhlobo oluthile kubhekwa njengeyingozi eyabantu nababhukudi. Ingozi yayo ayiveli "ekulunyweni okunobuthi", kodwa ivela kuyo ameva anobuthi (endaweni yokuqala yomgogodla kanye ne-opercular) engakwazi ukuzipholela lapho uyiphatha, yinyathele ngengozi noma ngokuthintana ngephutha. Ngisho nangemva kokufa, ameva anga qhubeka ujova ubuthi okwesikhashana.
Ubuthi a i-thermolabile polypeptide nemiphumela i-neurotoxic kanye ne-cytotoxic, efana neyezinye izinhlanzi ezinobuthi. Alikho ikhambi elithileIsithombe somtholampilo ngokuvamile siqala ngokuthi ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu ngokushesha, okungase kukhuphuke emaminithini ambalwa noma amahora alandelayo. Zivame ukuvela edema, i-pallor wendawo nge i-distal cyanosis, i-prurito y ukuphazamiseka kokuzwelaEzimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma iva lingena emkhunjini noma uma kunezinyosi eziningi, zingase zivele ukuphazamiseka kwe-vascular, i-necrosis futhi, kuyaqabukela, izinkinga zesistimu (isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukujuluka, hypotension, arrhythmias, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi).
Ukulunywa ngokuvamile akubulali, kodwa kungaba nakho ubuhlungu obungapheli izinsuku nezinsuku ubuhlungu obusele ngemva kwamasonto endaweni. Uma isilonda kuyangenelela, isithombe siba nzima kakhulu. Ezindaweni zasolwandle, amagciwane afana I-Vibrio spp., ngakho-ke ukuhlanzwa okufanele nokuqapha emtholampilo kubalulekile. Baye bachazwa ukuqina kwamalunga impumuzo yesikhashana yendawo ezungeze indawo elimele lapho ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kuqhubeka isikhathi eside.
Njengoba itholakala ekujuleni phakathi kwamamitha ayi-10 no-50, kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye abagezi, abadobi noma abatshuzi zihlangane nazo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamatshe nasezindaweni eziphansi eziyisihlabathi. Gwema ukuthinta inhlanzi efihleke phansi bese usebenzisa izicathulo zamanzi ezindaweni ezinobungozi kunciphisa izigameko.
Ungayelapha kanjani i-toadfish venom
Ubuthi bokulunywa yile nhlanzi abukho i-antivenin ethile. Ngakho-ke, ukuphatha ngendlela efanele kusemqoka ngokushesha futhi kulungile ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, ukunciphisa izinkinga, nokuvimbela ukutheleleka. Ngezansi, sichaza iphrothokholi kuvuselelwe futhi ngokusekelwe emikhubeni ephephile:
- Susa ameva abonakalayo futhi uhlanze: Uma noma yiziphi izingcezu zomgogodla zibonwa, zisuse ngama-tweezers ahlanzekile. Nisela isilonda nge amanzi olwandle noma usawoti womzimba futhi, lapho kungenzeka, bulala amagciwane ngezixazululo ezifanele. Ungasusi amanxeba okubhoboza alolu hlobo; zivumele zikhiphe amanzi.
- Faka ukushisa: Gxilisa indawo ethintekile kuyo amanzi ashisayo kakhulu (ngokufanelekile 45-50 ºC, ngaphandle kokushisa isikhumba) ngesikhathi 30-90 imizuzu. Ukushisa kuyasiza vala ubuthi obunokushisa futhi kunciphisa ubuhlungu. Uma ukucwiliswa kungenzeki, sebenzisa imicibisholo yamanzi afudumele futhi uwafake kabusha. Gada izinga lokushisa ukuze uligweme uyasha.
- I-analgesia: nikeza ama-analgesics ngokusho kobuhlungu, kusukela paracetamol noma anti-inflammatories up amaphilisi uma kunesidingo, ngaphansi kwenqubo yezokwelapha. Ukulawula izinhlungu kubalulekile.
- Gwema imikhuba ephelelwe yisikhathi: ungasebenzisi ama-tourniquetsnoma ukusikwa, noma ukumuncwa isilonda. Lezi zindlela azithuthukisi i-prognosis futhi kungenzeka khulisa umonakalo noma ukukhuthaza izifo.
- Ukugadwa kanye nezifo: ngiyabonga i-tetanus prophylaxisUma kunezimpawu zokutheleleka noma izici eziyingozi (isilonda esijulile, ukuzivikela komzimba), cabanga ama-antibiotics ngokumbozwa kwezitshalo zasolwandle (isb., isizukulwane sesithathu i-cephalosporins, i-quinolones, noma i-amoxicillin-clavulanate, kuye ngemibandela yezokwelapha nomongo wendawo).
- Izinkinga: ngokubuka kwe i-muscle spasm okubalulekile, kungasetshenziswa i-calcium gluconate Ngokungena emthanjeni endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ezimeni zobuhlungu obungalawuleki bomkhawulo, amabhulokhi wokuqeda izinzwa wesifunda alawulwa abasebenzi bezokwelapha angase abe usizo. Uma kuvela izimpawu zesistimu (isiyezi esinzima, hypotension, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula), eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.
- Ukuxhumanisa izimo eziphuthumayo: EYurophu ungafona 112, inombolo eyodwa yezimo eziphuthumayo exhumana nayo amaphoyisa, izicishamlilo kanye nama-ambulensi. I unogada wasogwini ingakuqondisa echwebeni eliseduze noma esibhedlela. Omakhalekhukhwini ngokuvamile qondisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo izimo eziphuthumayo zendawo uma ukwelinye izwe. Uma unomshwalense wokuhamba, ungasiza, nakuba kuphumelela kakhulu ukuthintana kuqala amasevisi wendawo.
Izimpawu nokulimala kufanele kulawulwe kahle ukuze kuvinjwe izici ezingase zibe zimbi kakhulu. ukuvimbela okungcono Kuwulwazi nesexwayiso ezindaweni ezisengozini: ungafaki izandla zakho ngaphansi kwamadwala, gwema ukunyathela ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esiminyene lapho zingacasha khona futhi zibambe izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe ngokucophelela, noma sebefile.
Ividiyo mayelana ne-toadfish sting
Izinhlobo ezihlobene, ukudideka okuvamile namanothi e-taxonomic
I-toadfish (IHalobatrachus didactylus) okomndeni I-Batrachoididae (i-toadfish). Ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni kanye namaqembu ahlobene kukhona izinhlobo ezinezici ezifanayo ezifanele ukwazi ukuze gwema ukudideka futhi baqonde kangcono ukwehluka kwayo:
- I-Opsanus beta (I-Gulf toadfish): kusukela ku- I-Western Atlantic (IGulf of Mexico). Ihlanganyela ikhanda elikhulu, umlomo obanzi, ameva amathathu emhlane wokuqala kanye 24-26 amamitha kwesibili. Izipho isikhumba esingenasikali namafinyila angaphandle. Umbala o-olive oluhlaza kuya kumbala onsundu ngemuva, nge amabhande amnyama namaphethini emisebe ekhanda. Ingafinyelela ku-30 cm.
- I-Porichthys (idshipman fish): iqembu ne ama-photophores (i-bioluminescence) exhunywe ku imigqa eminingi esemaceleni. wakhe ebusuku, zizimbela endaweni ephakathi kwamagagasi futhi zintante phansi ebusuku. Ezinye izinhlobo zine imigogodla enobuthiKunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlanganisa: I-Porichthys analis, I-Porichthys bathoiketes, I-Porichthys ephippiatus, I-Porichthys eluhlaza, I-Porichthys kymosemeum, I-Porichthys margaritus, I-Porichthys mimeticus, I-Porichthys myriaster, I-Porichthys notatus, I-Porichthys oculellus, I-Porichthys oculofrenum, I-Porichthys pauciradiatus, I-Porichthys plectrodon y I-Porichthys porosissimus.
- Aphos porosus (i-catfish, i-monkfish): ugu lwe- INingizimu Melika Pacific futhi, kamuva nje, ukuba khona eNingizimu ye-Atlantic. kufika ku-28 cm, enemigogodla emibili ohlangothini lomhlane kanye nomgogodla omude; ayibhekwa njengeyingozi kubantu njengezinye izinhlobo zeqembu.
- Imindeni: I-Porichthyinae (i-bioluminescent, ogwini lwaseMelika) kanye I-Thalassophryninae (eziningi anobuthi, asakazwa ngasogwini lwaseMelika, amanzi athile ahlanzekile eNingizimu Melika; genera ezifana I-Daector y I-Thalassophryne).
- I-Uranoscopus scaber (i-miracielo, umndeni we-Uranoscopidae): akuyona i-batracoidid, kodwa ingadideka ngokubukeka. Ine izitho zikagesi ngemuva kwamehlo kanye a umgogodla we-opercular enkulu; kulolu hlobo ubuthi abukafakazelwa kulamava. Ingabangela amanxeba okubhoboza abuhlungu, kodwa indlela yawo yokuzivikela iyehluka.
- I-Spiderfishes (umndeni we-Trachinidae): elinye iqembu eline ameva anobuthi ku-dorsal fin kanye ne-opercula. Bahlala phakathi nendawo izinqe eziyisihlabathi nezinodaka phakathi -1 futhi -150 m, evamile eMedithera nase-Atlantic. Babangela ukulunywa okubuhlungu kakhulu, ngengozi yokutheleleka futhi, kuyaqabukela, izinkinga ezinzima. Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo Kunconywa kuhlanganisa ikhalori (amanzi angaphezulu kuka-45 ºC ngaphandle kokushiswa), ukuhlanza, ukudambisa ubuhlungu nokugwema ama-tourniquets noma ukusikwa.
Ukuvimbela ogwini, ukudoba kanye nokutshuza
Isihluthulelo sokunciphisa izigameko ze-toadfish nciphisa ukuthintana ngephutha futhi ukwazi ukwenza:
- Ogwini nezingaphansi ezingashoni: sebenzisa izicathulo zamanzi ezindaweni ezinamatshe noma ezinezimfunda nezingaphansi ezinodaka; ungafaki izandla ngaphansi kwamadwala noma imifantu engabonakali; gwema ukubeka amadolo nezandla zakho phansi lapho kunezilwane zasendle ezicashile.
- Ekudobeni: khohlisa nge ama-tweezers noma amagilavu awugqinsi, ugcina izandla zakho kude i-dorsal yokuqala kanye nendawo i-opercular. Khumbula ukuthi ubuthi kungenzeka busasebenza ngemva kokufa kwesilwane.
- Ekutshuzeni: Gcina ibanga eliphephile futhi ungathinti izilwane. Gwema ukufinyila noma ukuguqa phansi lapho kukhona khona izinhlanzi ezingcwatshwe kancane.
- Uhlelo oluphuthumayo: uyazi 112 njengenombolo eyodwa yezimo eziphuthumayo eYurophu. Uma upheqa, thintana unogada wasogwini kusiza imiyalelo nokudlulisa. Ama-Smartphones ngokuvamile xhuma nezimo eziphuthumayo zendawo noma ngabe zivinjiwe; hlola izinombolo kusengaphambili uma usohambweni.
Njengenhlalayenza, ikhambi elingcono kakhulu yi- ukuvimbelaMasilalele izimpawu eziyisixwayiso futhi silinganisele ukubhukuda kwethu ezindaweni eziphephe kakhulu, ezivunyelwe kakhulu. Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-toadfish. thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nangokuphepha uma kwenzeka ukuluma.
