Kukhona izinhlanzi ezithola amagama azo ngendlela ezibukeka ngayo, njengakwindlela ye- inhlanzi zamatshe, futhi ngoba zifana nezinye izilwane, njenge I-Roosterfish. Lokhu kunjalo inhlanzi yengwenya. Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, iyinhlanzi ebukeka icishe ifane naleyo yengwenya. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Atractosteus spatulaUdumile, hhayi ngokubukeka kwakhe kuphela, kodwa ngoba unawo ikhono lokungena nokuphuma emanziniIngakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwamanzi amahora afinyelela kwamabili ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngempela iyinhlanzi enelukuluku okufanele ukwazi.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza konke mayelana ne-crocodile fish, kusukela kuyo izici eziyinhloko ekudleni nasekukhiqizeni kwayo, nemininingwane eyengeziwe ngokuhlukaniswa kwayo, indawo yokuhlala nokongiwa kwayo okuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono lezi zinhlobo eziyingqayizivele.
Izici eziyinhloko
Amandla ale nhlanzi ukungena nokuphuma emanzini Kuhle kakhulu ngoba kubanika ukuguquguquka okukhulu empilweni yabo. Izinhlanzi zilinganiselwe endaweni ehlala emanzini futhi, ngisho noma kukhona ukudla eduze, iqiniso lokuthi lingaphandle kwamanzi kakade liyabavimbela ekufinyeleleni kuwo; endabeni ye-crocodile fish, yayo isinye sokubhukuda esishintshiwe Isebenza njengesisetshenziswa sokuphefumula, esikuvumela ukuthi uphefumule umoya lapho i-oxygen encibilikile iyindlala.
Ukubukeka kwengwenya kugqame kakhulu ebusweni, ngoba inekhala elide kanye nekhala. umhlathi ongezansi omfushane. Inkulu impela ngosayizi, ifinyelela cishe ngamamitha amathathu ubude futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-200 ezibonelweni ezihlukile. Empeleni bakhona abake bababona babathathela izingwenya zangempela. Abesifazane ngokuvamile bane usayizi omkhulu eyeduna, njengakwezinye izinhlobo eziningi de peces, isici esihlotshaniswa nokuzala okuphezulu.
Umbala wesikhumba sakhe onsundu omnqumo phezulu nokumhlophe okuphuzi ngaphezulu ngaphansi kwayo. Woza, ifana nengwenya yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba wayo oyi-cylindrical umbozwe izikali ze-ganoid (eqinile, emise okwe-rhombus) esebenza njengezikhali. Inamaphiko anamabala ansundu futhi abanye abantu bakhombisa umugqa omncane ocacile emaceleni. Umhlathi ongenhla une imigqa emibili yamazinyo, isici esiyehlukanisa kwamanye ama-lepisosteids.
Ayikho incazelo eyodwa yalokhu kufana. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinhlanzi azihlanganyeli ngezici eziningi ukuze lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zibukeke zifana, kodwa lokhu kuyindaba yakudala ukuziphendukela kwemvelo: izimo zomzimba ezifanayo ezilwaneni ezihlalayo izindawo zemvelo okufanayo, njengesilwane esizingelayo.
Njengombhalo we-taxonomic, i-crocodile fish ingeyesigaba actinopterygii, ukuhleleka I-Lepisosteiformes nomndeni LepisosteidaeEzindaweni eziningi yaziwa nangokuthi i-alligator garLo mndeni uhlanganisa lezi ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-lizard fish", kanye ne-crocodile fish okukhudlwana wabo bonke.
Ibanga nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlanzi zengwenya zivame ukuhlala emachibini amakhulu, emifuleni nakwamanye amaxhaphozi. Bahlala emanzini amasha, nakuba bengakwazi futhi ukubekezelela amanzi anosawoti (brackish) emachwebeni. Indawo yayo yokusabalalisa ihlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu zaseNyakatho Melika ngaphakathi kwesifunda I-Neoarctic. Ingatholakala ku imifula efana ne-Ohio ne-Mississippi, kanye nenethiwekhi yomfula egeleza ibheke ogwini olusenyakatho ye IGulf of mexicoUmkhawulo wayo wemvelo uhlanganisa izindawo eziseduze namachibi amakhulu, njengemilomo ye- ILake Michigan kanye neLake Erie, nakuba ukuba khona kwayo okuzinzile kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nezitsha ezinamanzi apholile.
Ihlala futhi emachibini amakhulu njengawo Eire futhi i Michigan (aziwa ngokuba ngamanye amachibi amakhulu emhlabeni) nasezindaweni ezifana ne-Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Georgia, Florida, kanye neTexas. Incamela amanzi angashoni ukuze ibuke kangcono inyamazane yayo. Amanzi avulekile eduze nogu ziyizintandokazi zazo, njengoba zinendawo eyengeziwe yokulungiselela ukuhlasela kwazo nendawo yokukhosela phakathi kwezimila ezingasogwini.
Ngokuvamile, zihamba emanzini okujula kwawo kuphakathi kwamamitha ama-3 kuye kwayi-5 nakwamanye ama-backwater anamanzi amile. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhlala ukubhukuda namaxhaphozi anohlaza oluningi, lapho izingane zithola khona isiphephelo. Njengoba bekwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwamanzi amahora amaningana, ngezinye izikhathi bayabhekwa ukugeza ilanga eduze kwendawo noma osebeni olungashoni, eduze kwezingodo, izihlahla eziwile noma ibhulashi.
Njengoba kuwuhlobo olugxile ogwini, siyohlale siluthola eduze namabhange nezakhiwo ezinembozo yezitshalo. Akuvamile ukubabona ezindaweni ezingamboziwe ngokuphelele lapho bengenakho ukuvikeleka. Ngokwemibandela yemvelo, idlala indima ye i-apex predator emifuleni nasemachibini ethulile, elawula abantu de peces kanye nokufaka isandla ebhalansini ye-ecosystem.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezingwenya
Njengoba bekulindelekile, Yinhlanzi ukudla kwayo okudliwayo kuphela. Bathanda ukushwabadela ezinye izinhlanzi ezincane. Nakuba zingagcini ngokudla ezinye izinhlanzi ezincane, kodwa lapho indlala igadla, zizodla cishe noma yini. Bayathanda crustaceans njengezimfanzi nezinkalankala futhi bangadla izinyoni acuatic, izimfudu ngisho nezincane izilwane ezincelisayo lokho kungena phezu kwamanzi.
Noma indlala icindezela futhi kungekho zinsiza ezanele okuzungezile, ingadla ingcuba ukuthi uthola endleleni. Nakuba kuyinhlanzi ebonakala ihamba kancane ngenxa yobukhulu nesisindo sayo, iyakwazi ukuhlasela inyamazane yayo ngenkulu isivinini nokunemba. Sebenzisa isu loku ukuqamekela, fana no i-pike fish: Ihlala inganyakazi eduze nendawo, imbozwe umbala wayo, bese ihlasela ngokushesha izinhlangothi isebenzisa izicubu zayo kanye nekhala layo elide. umugqa oseceleni futhi ukubona okubukhali kumvumela ukuba abone ukundindizela nokunyakaza emanzini adungekile.
Ezindaweni zemvelo, idla izinhlanzi ezinomzimba othambile, ezinde, kodwa ayizideleli izinhlobo eziqinile uma ubukhulu bezilwane buvuma. Ingase futhi idle izikole, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokugxila. de peces inyamazane, nakuba kuvame ukuyibona ukuzingela yedwa.
Ukuzala
Lolu hlobo lunokuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo de peces. Ngokwesibonelo, banomkhuba woku inani elikhulu labesilisa libuthana emanzini angashoni (cishe u-1,5 m) futhi eduze nezimila. Yilapho abami khona, ngamunye ngamunye, beqhudelana ukuze babone ukuthi ngubani ongawina insikazi. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi abesifazane bayakuvumela iduna elingaphezu kweyodwa livundisa amaqanda, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokukhwelana luyacatshangelwa i-polyandrous kulesi sigaba.
Lapho ezinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo, zinamathela emadwaleni noma ezitshalweni ukuze zikhule. Amaqanda awa umbala oluhlaza kuya kobomvu. Indlela yokunamathela kuma-substrates owokuphila. Uma zibonwa ezinye izilwane ezizingelayo futhi zisengozini yokugwinywa, ziye zazithola enye indlela yokuzivikela enkulu nakakhulu: Zinobuthi, isici esiphawulwe ezihlokweni ezikhuluma ngazo izinhlanzi ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeniUma esinye isilwane sidla amaqanda, azoba noshevu; lo mphumela ubuye wabhalwa kubantu, ngakho akufanele idliwe.
Ukuzalela ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenkathi efudumele neyomile. amanzi akhuphukayo, ngeziqongo ezibhalwe kusukela ngasekupheleni kobusika kuya maphakathi nehlobo kuye ngendawo, njengoba ukuzala kuncike ezicini zendawo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, i-photoperiod, nezikhukhula. Abanayo indawo eqondile; indawo ingahluka. Badinga kuphela ukuba khona ukhula namanzi angashoni.
I-Fecundity iyahlukahluka ngobukhulu bensikazi kanye nokukhiqiza kwendawo yokuhlala: ziqoshwe kusuka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa endaweni ethile ibala kuze kufike amashumi ezinkulungwane kwabesifazane abakhulu. Isikhathi se ukufakwa ngokuvamile izulazula ngesonto elilodwa, kuye ngezinga lokushisa. Ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, akukho ukunakekelwa kwabazali futhi izibungu zifuna ukukhosela phakathi kohlaza oluminyene.
Ukuthuthukiswa komunwe
Uma i-crocodile fish iphuma eqandeni, izibungu ezincane kuphela 2,5 cm ubude. Zintekenteke kakhulu futhi zizacile. Bangakwazi ukuhambisa ngenxa yokunyakaza okwenziwa yi- i-caudal filament ezinawo njengomsila; le filament ayihlali isikhathi eside; iyanyamalala njengoba isibungu sithuthukisa i-caudal fin yaso esebenzayo. Ayinazinkinga zokukhula, njengoba ikhula ngezinga eliphezulu. Eminyakeni emi-2 kuphela, singathola izifanekiso zosayizi othuthukisiwe kanye nokuziphatha kwabantu abadala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuhlala.
Nakuba abesifazane befinyelela ubukhulu bokugcina obukhulu, abesilisa bayakwazi khula futhi uvuthwe ngokushesha emiphakathini eminingi, into engaba nomthelela ku iminyaka yokuphila ephansi. Amazinga ahlukene okukhula ngokocansi abonwe: ezigabeni zentsha, abesilisa bangakhula ngokushesha ngonyaka kunabesifazane, futhi kamuva ukuthambekela kungase kuhlehlise, abesifazane baqhubeke nokuthola usayizi isikhathi eside. ukuvuthwa ngokocansi Iza nosayizi futhi ithonywa indawo ezungezile.
Lezi zinhlanzi zinayo isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi kweminyaka engama-25 nengama-50Ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo, bangaphila isikhathi eside noma esifushane. Abesifazane ngokuvamile baphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa. Ngenxa yobukhulu nokuma kwazo, lezi zilwane azinalutho izilwane ezidla ezinye endaweni yabo. Uma ethosa kufanele qaphela i-alligator yaseMelika, njengoba bezithanda ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezincane ezingwenya. Ezinye izilwane ezingase zidle izibungu nezinsana zihlanganisa izinhlanzi nezinyoni ezi-piscivorous.
Izinsongo nokulondolozwa
I-crocodile fish ihlukaniswa emhlabeni wonke njenge ukukhathazeka okuncane yi-IUCN, enabantu abaningi ebangeni layo lemvelo. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo kuyahlupheka izingcindezi zendawo ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukuhanjiswa kwemifula, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu lokho vimba izindlela zokuzalanisa, ukungcola kanye ukudoba ngokweqile ukuzalanisa okukhethiwe kwezibonelo ezinkulu.
Izenzo zokulondoloza zihlanganisa imithetho yokuthwebula, izinkathi ezivaliwe ngesikhathi sokuzala, ukuvikelwa kwe izindawo ezinomswakama kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-floodplain. Zihloliwe futhi izinhlelo zokuzalanisa kanye nokubuyiswa kwezilwane zasemanzini ukuze kuqiniswe inani labantu basendaweni lapho ukwehla kutholwe khona, njalo ngaphansi kwenqubo yesayensi neyofuzo yokongiwa.
Ilukuluku nokuziphatha
- Ukumelana namanzi: ingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside (kufika cishe amahora amabili) ngenxa yokuthi iphefumula umoya.
- Izikhali zemvelo: Izikali zayo ze-ganoid ziqinile kangangokuthi ngokomlando zazisetshenziswa njengento yokuhlobisa nokuvikela.
- Amazinyo nokuluma: Inemigqa emibili yamazinyo emhlathini ongenhla, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo ekubambeni inyamazane eshelelayo.
- Comestibilidad: Nakuba inyama yabo ingadliwa, amaqanda anobuthi uma zidliwe futhi ukumaketha kwazo kunqunyelwe izintandokazi zemakethe.
Mayelana nokuziphatha, i i-ambush predator Ivamise ukuba yodwa futhi ihamba kancane, ishesha kakhulu ukuze ibambe inyamazane yayo. Emanzini azolile ingavela Pacific nezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu uma zingekho kumodi yokuzingela.
Umehluko ngezinhlobo ezifanayo
Kwesinye isikhathi kudidaniswa namanye ama-lepisosteid, njenge Florida gar (I-Lepisosteus platyrhincus) noma amabala gar (I-Lepisosteus oculatus). Umbandela wensimu osetshenziswa ama-ichthyologists uqhathanisa le ibanga phakathi kweso kanye nonqenqema lwegill ngobude bekhala: kufishi yengwenya leli banga lijwayelekile okukhulu kunokubili kokuthathu yekhala, kuyilapho ezinhlotsheni ezincane ingase ibe ngaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-crocodile fish ifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu futhi inesici somugqa okabili wamazinyo emhlathini ongaphezulu.
Ukunakekelwa kwabathunjiwe kanye ne-aquarium
Okwakhe usayizi ongaba khona, i-crocodile fish ayilona uhlobo olufanele lwama-aquariums asekhaya ajwayelekile. Izingane ezincane zingagcinwa okwesikhashana ezindaweni ezinomthamo omkhulu, kodwa ukudluliselwa kwazo ku-a amachibi omphakathi noma ama-aquariums yezilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu lapho zikhula.
Uma ugcinwe ekuthunjweni, uhlelo kufanele lube ivulekile futhi izinzileEzinganeni, abanye abagcini basebenzisa amathangi phakathi 600 kanye nama-900 amalitha, etholakala ezindaweni ezithule futhi nge low currentIzinga lokushisa lingagcinwa phakathi 18 kanye no-30 °C kanye ne-pH ebangeni 6 a 8Kubalulekile ukuthi ube namakhava avikelekile (aphefumula umoya futhi angagxuma) futhi asule izindawo ukuze ugweme umthelela lapho uphusha.
Ekufakweni kwesikhathi eside, kungakuhle ukuthi amachibi amakhulu kakhulu noma ama-aquariums enokuhlunga okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi ezinzile, futhi uthintane nabaqondisi ukuzala de peces tropical ku-aquarium angasiza. Bamukela ezihlukahlukene ukudla okudliwayo (izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ukudla okulungiselelwe), ukugwema ukudlisa ngokweqile. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, abavamile ukugula; ezimweni ezinganele, zabo umjikelezo wempilo ufinyeziwe futhi angase abe nezinkinga zomgogodla noma alimale ikhala ngenxa yokushayisana.
Ekufakweni kwesikhathi eside, kungakuhle ukuthi amachibi amakhulu kakhulu noma ama-aquariums ngokuhlunga okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi ezinzile. Bamukela ezihlukahlukene ukudla okudliwayo (izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ukudla okulungiselelwe), ukugwema ukudlisa ngokweqile. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, abavamile ukugula; ezimweni ezinganele, zabo umjikelezo wempilo ufinyeziwe futhi angase abe nezinkinga zomgogodla noma alimale ikhala ngenxa yokushayisana.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana neyakho biology kanye nobudlelwano bayo ne-ecosystem. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izici zakudala, ukujwayela okumangazayo kanye a indima ebalulekile yezemvelo, okuchaza ukuthi kungani ivusa ukuthakasela okungaka phakathi kwezimfundamakhwela nososayensi ngokufanayo.
