Enye yezinhlanzi ezivamile kunoma iyiphi i-aquarium yi- i-zebrafishKunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zalolu hlobo futhi kwaziwa njengesilwane sokuqala esinomgogodla ukwakhiwa. Igama layo lesayensi ngu U-Danio rerio (igama elifanayo lomlando I-Brachydanio rerio). I-actinopterygian osteichthyal fish, ingeye-oda le-Cypriniformes futhi umndeni wayo i-Cyprinidae. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngayo izici, ukondla nokunakekelwa ezidingekayo ezindaweni zasemanzini, ngaphezu kokwandisa ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nokuzalaniswa kwazo kanye nendima yazo kwezesayensi.
Ufuna wazi okuningi mayelana ne-zebrafish? Funda uqhubeke.
Izici eziyinhloko
Bayizinhlanzi nge ubude obungamasentimitha ama-5 (kufika ku-6 cm ezimweni ezinhle). Umzimba mude futhi une-fusiform, oklanyelwe ukubhukuda okungenamsebenzi. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi, inakho kuphela i-dorsal fin kanye nomlomo ophakeme kancane futhi obheke phezulu. Lokhu kubangelwa umhlathi ongezansi isikhathi eside esiza ekuthwebuleni ukudla phezulu. Inepheya lama-barbel amahle kakhulu abonakala kahle lapho isilwane simile isikhundla esime mpoAmehlo aphakathi nendawo.
Ayinawo amazinyo angempela noma isisu esichaziwe futhi idla ngokusebenzisa ama-rakers we-gill (ama-spiny gills) ahlungayo futhi ancela ekudleni. Eceleni, uyabona phakathi kwemigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emi-5 neyesi-9 ezisuka ekhanda ziye ku-caudal. I-operculum ibonisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi indawo ye-ventral imhlophe nombala obomvana. Le mithende yobude iyona enikeza idube igama layo.
I-Presenta i-dimorphism yezocansi okusobala: ngokuvamile, insikazi inkulu, inesisu esivuvukele kakhulu (ngenxa yamaqanda angavundile) kanye nethoni yangemuva esiliva; iduna lincane futhi liyabukeka imibala yegolideLe phethini yombala, ngaphandle kokudonsa amehlo, yenza njenge ukufihla ngokumelene nezilwane ezidla ezinye: isisu esikhanyayo sihlangana nokukhanya okuvela ngezansi futhi ingemuva elimnyama lihlangana nengemuva lapho libonwa phezulu.
Kukhona okuhlukile okudume kakhulu okubizwa ngokuthi ingwe idube, ene-mottling esikhundleni semigqa, evela ekuguquguqukeni okuzinzile. Akulona uhlobo oluhlukile kodwa uhlobo olufanayo U-Danio rerio, ngakho ukunakekela kwabo kuyafana.
Ibanga nendawo yokuhlala
Lolu hlobo ludabuka emifudlaneni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda Himalaya futhi kuyi I-India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal neBurma. Kutholakala abantu abaningi kulezi zindawo, ikakhulukazi emingenela yohlelo lweGanges. Iphinde ivela ku amasimu elayisi, lapho izinhlelo zokuvimba amanzi nokunisela zikhiqiza izindawo zamanzi ezingashoni, ezinomoya-mpilo owanele ezisetshenziswa i-zebrafish ukuze iphile futhi ikwazi nokuzala.
Endaweni yayo yemvelo ithatha imifudlana, imisele, imisele, amachibi kanye nezinye izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile. yamanje kancane noma imile. Ibekezelela ubukhona bomuntu kahle futhi buhlala kalula ezindaweni eziguquliwe, okuchazayo ukuthandwa ku-aquariophilia. Ngenxa yezikhukhula zonyaka, iye yajwayela uhla olubanzi olushisayo, kusukela kubanda kuya emazingeni okushisa afudumele, ukwazi ukuphila phakathi kuka-18 no-29 °C ngokwemvelo.
Ngokufuduswa kanye nokuphunyuka, inani labantu abangenisiwe liye laqoshwa nakwamanye amazwe, njengakwamanye amazwe ase-United States, nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeNingizimu Melika. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho akufanele akhululwe izinhlanzi ze-aquarium endaweni yemvelo.
Ekongiweni, U-Danio rerio Ibhalwe njenge Ukukhathazeka Okuncane emhlabeni wonke, nakuba abantu bendawo bengase baguquguquke kuye ngekhwalithi yendawo yokuhlala.
Ukuziphatha
Idube yisilwane social futhi esebenzayo kakhulu omsebenzi wakhe wenziwa ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku. Iyangena shoal futhi usungula izigaba, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesilisa. Abantu abavelele bangabonisa ukuziphatha kwendawo okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, ngokujaha kanye nezimbotshana ezincane zokuhlukanisa indawo yokuzala.
Lapho zenza iqembu, zibhukuda ngendlela ehambisanayo futhi zishintshe indlela ngaso leso sikhathi ngaphandle kokushayisana. ukuphenduka okuhlanganisiwe kudida izilwane ezidla ezinye, kudala umbono wento ephilayo enkulu. Lapho izinsongo zitholwa ngu ukubona noma ukuhogela, khulisa ukuyaluza, nciphisa ukudla futhi ubonise izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kulo lonke iqembu.
Ukuze baphile kahle ku-aquarium, kuhle ukuwagcina engaphakathi amaqembu ayisi-8 kuye kwayi-10 noma ngaphezulu (ubuncane obungu-6), njengoba le nombolo inciphisa ingcindezi futhi ikhuthaza ukuziphatha kwemvelo. Esinye isici esiyinhloko: zinjalo ama-jumpers amahle kakhulu; ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhle ukumboza i-aquarium.
Ukudla kwaseZebrafish
Ukudla kuyi-omnivorousEndle idla i-zooplankton, ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu zomiyane nezinambuzane eziwela phezulu. Ingase futhi idle i-phytoplankton kanye nezikelemu ezincane uma zikhona.
Njengoba ingenaso isisu sangempela, isisebenzisa kangcono ezincane, izingxenye ezivamile. Ku-aquarium yamukela ngaphandle kwenkinga ama-micropellets izinga elihle, ama-flakes amahle, nokudla okuphilayo noma okufriziwe okufana UDaphnia y I-Artemia. Imithamo emincane emibili noma emithathu yansuku zonke ilungile. Usuku olulodwa ngesonto ukuzila ukudla okulula isiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
Iqondiswa yi- ukubona nokuhogela ukubamba ukudla, ngakho-ke kuhle ukunikeza ukudla ezindaweni zokubhukuda ezivulekile nge ukukhanyisa okwanele kwethangi. Izinhlobo ezishintshanayo nokuthungwa kuthuthukisa umbala futhi kukhuthaze ukuziphatha kwemvelo kokudla.
Ukuzala
I-zebrafish ifinyelela ukuvuthwa ngokocansi phakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu neziyisithupha futhi iyakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha unyaka wonke. Ukuvundisa kuyinto ngaphandle futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekuseni. Owesifazane angase akhulule Amaqanda angama-200 kuye kwangama-500 ezimweni ezifanele, ikakhulukazi uma zifakwe kahle ngokudla okuphilayo kanye nokudla okunamaphrotheni okunomsoco.
Ngemva kokukhulelwa, amaqanda ngokuvamile achanyuselwa Izinsuku ezingama-2-3 kuye ngezinga lokushisa. Kusukela ngosuku lwesihlanu ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, izibungu ziqala ukudla kwangaphandle; phendula kahle kakhulu ku-infusoria, rotifers kanye ne-nauplii ye I-Artemia esanda kuchanyuselwa. I metamorphosis kusuka izibungu kuya kwentsha kuvame ukuqedwa emhlabeni isonto lesithathu.
Lesi yi-spawner asynchronous, okukuvumela ukuthi uhlele amaqembu ngamaqoqo futhi uhlele ukufakwa okumile. ukuhogela kuthonya ukukhetha komngane womshado futhi, uma kungenzeka, abesifazane bavame ukugwema ukuhlangana namadoda ahlobene eduze.
Amathiphu awusizo wokuzalanisa ekhaya: Ungasebenzisa amapheya noma ama-trios (isibonelo, owesifazane o-1 kanye nabesilisa abangu-2) esitsheni se Ama-10 amalitha ngeqoqo elilodwa noma amalitha angama-40 ngamaqoqo amaningana. Indawo amatshe noma amatshe ezansi ukuvikela amaqanda kubantu abadala futhi asuse abazali ngemva kokuzala. Gcina i-pH iseduze 7,0 nezinga lokushisa nxazonke I-24-26 ° C (28-28,5°C ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zaselabhorethri ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa). Ukuze uthose, qala nge-infusoria futhi uqhubekele phambili I-Artemia noma izikali ezinhle kakhulu njengoba zibhukuda ngokukhululeka.
Ukunakekelwa okudingekayo
Lezi zinhlanzi ezolile futhi kulula ukugcina. Njengoba behlala ezikoleni, kubalulekile ukuthi i-aquarium ibe nayo okungenani amakhophi angu-6 futhi, uma kungenzeka, 8 kuya ku-10 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kwenza i-aquarium yomphakathi enemibalabala nengenaso ingcindezi.
I-aquarium kufanele inikeze indawo yokubhukuda ngaphandle kwezithiyo, ikakhulukazi endaweni engenhla, enezindawo eziminyene etshaliwe okwendawo yokukhosela. Itshe kufanele libe lihle, lingabi namachopho abukhali angalimaza izinhlanzi. A isihlungi sebhayoloji ngempumelelo; Umthetho wesithupha yizinga lokugeleza elihlanganisiwe eliphindwe izikhathi ezingama-5-10 kunomthamo we-aquarium ngehora, ngokujikeleza okukhiqiza yamanje emaphakathi kanye ne-oxygenation enhle, eshiya izindawo zokuphumula.
Ngokuqondene nevolumu, eqenjini elincane ungaqala kulo 60-80 amalitha, kodwa esikoleni sezinhlanzi ezingu-10 noma ngaphezulu kungcono 80-100 amalitha noma ngaphezulu. Imithombo eminingi ekhethekile incoma ukuthi ingabi phansi kakhulu: uma ivolumu iphezulu, uhlelo luzozinza kakhulu.
Amapharamitha amanzi: Ibanga elibanzi elamukelekayo eline-pH ye 6,8 a 7,5 (ukuze zikhiqizwe kahle zivame ukuthandwa 6,8-7,2), ubulukhuni obujwayelekile phakathi 5 kanye ne-15 °dGH (amanzi athambile ukuya kwaphakathi nendawo, angaphansi kuka-20 °dH) kanye nezinga lokushisa phakathi 18 kanye no-26 °C ukuze igcinwe isesimweni esihle, ngezinye izikhathi ivumela izinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-28-29 °C. Ezindlini ezipholile, i-aquarium ingasebenza ngaphandle kwe-heater uma izinga lokushisa legumbi lihlala lizinzile phakathi kwebanga elifanele; ehlobo kuhle kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayivuki kakhulu.
Yenza izinguquko ingxenye masonto onke 25-40%, gcina i-photoperiod yamahora ayi-10-12 futhi umboze i-aquarium ngoba abagxumagxuma. Gwema ukuminyana: Ezindaweni zocwaningo kufakazelwe ukuthi ukuminyana ngenhla 40 izinhlanzi ilitha Bakha ukucindezeleka okukhulu; emanzini asekhaya, kusetshenziswa ukuminyana okuphansi kakhulu, okubeka phambili inhlalakahle.
Ukugcina izici nempilo, akunconywa hlanganisa izinhlobo noma izinhlobo zohlobo olufanayo ngokungakhethi, njengoba ukuxutshwa kungase kwenzeke. Ngaphambi kokwethula izinhlanzi ezintsha, zihloniphe ukuhlukaniswa futhi uqiniseke ukuthi i-aquarium ijikeleza ngokugcwele.
Ukuhambisana
Idube danio liyicyprinid Pacific ehambisana kahle kakhulu nezinye izinhlobo ezinobukhulu obufanayo kanye nesimo sengqondo esisebenzayo; cabangela okuthandwayo izinhlanzi zamanzi abandayo nafudumeleGwema izinhlanzi ezihamba kancane kakhulu noma ezinezimbotshana ezinde, ezingagcizelelwa amandla azo angaphezulu.
Izinhlanzi ezihambisanayo
- AmaGuppies
- Molly
- I-Corydoras
- i-neon tetra
- Izindela ezincane
Inhlanzi ayinconywa: : izinhlobo ezihamba kancane kakhulu noma lezo ezinamaphiko athuthuke kakhulu (isibonelo, ama-betta noma ama-veiltails) nezinhlobo ezinolaka ezizicindezelayo.
Ukubaluleka kwesayensi nemfundo
I-zebrafish izenzele yona njenge imodeli yezinto eziphilayo ocwaningweni ngenxa yokuzala kwayo okuphezulu, imibungu esobala lokho kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthuthukiswa, usayizi omncane kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi. Yabelana cishe I-70% yezakhi zofuzo nabantu, okwenza kube usizo ezifundweni ze-development biology, toxicology, immunology, nokunye.
Ezindaweni ezilawulwayo zaselabhorethri, amazinga okushisa we I-28-28,5 ° C kanye nemithethonqubo yokudla ngokudla okuncane kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesisu. Lapho uklama izinhlelo zokuzalanisa ezichwepheshile, kunakekelwa ukukhanyisa Ngoba i-zebrafish isebenzisa ukubona nokuhogela ukuze idle futhi izalane. Izinhlelo zemfundo zisebenzisa lezi zici ukusondeza isayensi kubafundi ngokubuka okuqondile kokukhula kombungu.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
Indlela yokuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane? Abesilisa banesitayela esiningi futhi bangabonisa amathoni asagolide; abesifazane abakhona isisu esikhulu kanye nezwi elisiliva. Leyo volumu ayikona ukukhulelwa: kunjalo amaqanda ukuthi bazokhipha ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ingabe udinga i-heater? Hhayi njalo. Uma indlu yakho igcinwe phakathi 18 kanye no-24 °C ezinzile, bangaphila ngaphandle kokufudumeza. Uma izinga lokushisa lehla kancane kancane, sebenzisa i-heater; uma likhuphuka kakhulu ehlobo, liqinise umoya omncane futhi ilawula izinga lokushisa.
Indlela yokondla i-Fry? Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuchanyuselwa badla isaka lesikhupha. Ukusuka usuku lwesihlanu, inikeza i-infusoria noma ama-rotifers futhi kancane kancane iqhubekela phambili I-Artemia esanda kuchanyuselwa. Gcina ama-microtome amaningi nsuku zonke ukukhula okulinganayo.
Ngokuhlela kahle kwe-aquarium, isikole esikhulu nesisebenzayo sezinhlanzi, amanzi ahlungiwe kahle kanye nokudla okuhlukahlukene ngezingxenye ezincane, i-zebrafish ibonisa amandla ayo aphelele. amandla futhi ezimibalabala. Kuyinketho ekahle yabaqalayo, enegumbi lokujula kulo ukuzalanisa kanye nokubhekwa kwentuthuko, okuchaza impumelelo yayo enkulu phakathi kwabangafundile nososayensi.
