Inhlanzi yase-barracuda, Yaziwa futhi yesatshwa ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu nokubukeka kwayo okunonya, ingumlingiswa oyinhloko wesihloko sanamuhla. Kuyinto inhlanzi emanzini anosawoti ukuthi, ngokungafani Inhlanzi enesole, ungowakwa Uhlobo lwe-Sphyraena, okuwukuphela kohlobo emndenini I-SphyraenidaeIgama layo lesayensi elilungile lithi I-Sphyraena barracuda futhi, ngaphakathi kwamagama avamile, ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene yaziwa ngokuthi bhebha futhi, emkhakheni wesayensi, zibizwa futhi ama-sphyrenes.
Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza zonke izici zabo, indlela yokuphila, ukudla, kanye nokuzala. Sizophinda sifake ulwazi mayelana nabo ukusatshalaliswa, isivinini sokuhlasela, ubudlelwano nabantu kanye nezici zokudoba kwezemidlalo, ukuze ube nombono ophelele futhi owusizo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lolu hlobo lwaziwa nangokuthi i-barracuda enkulu ngenxa yobukhulu bayo. Ihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba ezishisayo nezishisayo futhi ivela olwandle olufudumele njengeMedithera. Ingaphila emanzini afudumele futhi afudumele futhi kuvame emihlumeni, ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezigxotsheni ezijulile, ezinomkhawulo wokujula wokuzungeza Amamitha angu-110.
Ziyizinhlanzi ezinkulu ukuthi Zilinganisa cishe imitha ubude futhi ukale phakathi 2,5 no-9 kg. Kukhona ama-specimens amakhulu kakhulu angaphezu kwama-23 kg futhi angakala imitha elilodwa nesigamu. Umzimba wabo side futhi hydrodynamic, enekhanda elicijile nomhlathi ogqamile; imbozwe ngezikali ezibushelelezi, eziqinile.
Umbala uluhlaza sasibhakabhaka-mpunga engxenyeni engemuva, nge isiliva emaceleni nesisu esimhlophe. Abanye abantu bakhombisa amarowu aguquguqukayo amnyama kanye amabala amnyama emaceleniI-dorsal fin yesibili, i-anal fin kanye ne-caudal fin ingase ihluke i-violet emnyama kuya emnyama, ngezinye izikhathi namathiphu amhlophe. Banayo amaphiko amabili ahlukene omhlane futhi a umsila onemfoloko kakhulu okubavumela ukuthi bafinyelele ukusheshisa kombani.
Amazinyo awo angesinye sezici zawo ezigqama kakhulu: ama-barracuda anawo imigqa emibili esebenzayo yamazinyo. Ngaphandle ungabona amazinyo amahle afana nenaliti, awusizo ekusikeni, kuyilapho ngaphakathi kumugqa aqondile. amazinyo amakhulu, anjengamazinyo, ezibhoboza zibambe idamu. Phakathi kwazo zonke izingcezu, okulandelayo kungabalwa njengesiqondiso ezingaphezu kwekhulu, futhi ingene kahle, ivumela umlomo ukuthi uvale ngokuphelele.
Imvamisa kuba yinhlanzi eyedwa lapho ifinyelela ebudaleni. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ebusuku bazulazula bodwa ngemva kosuku olunzima. Nokho, ngezikhathi zasemini, kuyenzeka ubone abantu abadala eduze kwentsha, okuhunyushwa njengokusebenzelana komphakathi okuvuna ukufunda. amasu okuzingela kanye namasu okuvikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Nakuba umfanekiso wayo unamandla, kufanele kucaciswe uhlamvu lwawo. I-Barracudas ichazwe ngokuthi Babuka abatshuzi ngelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, futhi izigameko azivamile. Kunoma yikuphi, amandla abo kanye namazinyo kudinga ukuthi umuntu agcine ibanga lawo futhi gwema izisusa ezikhanyayo lokho kuvusa isithakazelo sabo.
Ukusatshalaliswa nendawo yokuhlala
I-Barracudas igcwele zonke izilwandle ezishisayo kanye nezindawo eziningi ezishisayo, okuhlanganisa IMedithera futhi i I-Western Atlantic. Zivame kakhulu eduze iziqhingi nezixhobo zamakhorali, lapho ukudla kuyinsada. Ngezinsuku ezineziphepho, abantu abadala baye babonwa ukuthi bayakwazi sondela phezulu.
Izibonelo ezincane zikhetha izindawo ezisogwini ezine izingezansi zesihlabathi ezingajulile noma uhlaza oluningi, lapho bephephela khona. Njengoba zikhula, zifudukela amanzi avulekile futhi ajulileEsigabeni sabo sobusha kuvamile ukubabona bakheka amabhange amancane, kuyilapho abantu abadala abakhulu bevame ukuthatha ukuziphatha uwedwa.
Ukudla nemikhuba
Yinhlanzi ekwazi ukwandulela ezinye izilwane ngokukhulu ukushesha nangejubane. Basebenzisa ukumangala njengesikhali. Lolu uhlobo oluthile olungosomathuba olusebenzisa izikhathi ezizingelayo zokuphazamiseka ukuze luhlasele. Lapho zibona impango yazo, ziyayiphonsa, iziqhumane ziyaqala kuchazwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ngesivinini esingaba ngu-43 km/h neziqongo ezisondele ku-90 km/h ebangeni elifushane kakhulu. Lokhu kuqondisa kwenza amaphesenti abo okuthwebula abe phezulu kakhulu.
Lapho sebekhulile, benza lokhu kugabadela bebodwa. Kodwa lapho besebancane, abaningi babo bavame ukuhlangana ndawonye ukuxhumanisa ukuhlasela, azungeze amabhange de peces futhi ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise ukuthunjwa, ukuthola ukuzijwayeza nokufunda.
Zidla ikakhulukazi ezinye izinhlanzi. ezinobukhulu obulinganayo noma obuncane kunabo. Phakathi kwezisulu zabo ezivamile kukhona ama-sardine, i-bream, i-mullet, i-mackerel ne-horse mackerel, ngaphezu kwe-herring ne-mullet; zingahlanganisa futhi ama-snappers, ama-groupers kanye ne-tuna encane futhi, ngokuthatha ithuba, inhlanzi eyikati. Kuye kwabhalwa kakhulu ukudla abantu (ukusetshenziswa kwezingane zezinhlobo zazo) njengokuthatha umabhebhana nama-crustaceans afana nezimfanzi.
Ukuze zihlasele izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ziyadabula izingcezu zenyama ngamazinyo anjengamazinyo anjengenaliti, enza inyamazane ibe buthaka ngokuphonseka nokuphuma ngokushesha. Iphethini yayo ngezinye izikhathi ihlanganisa luma phakathi isisulu ukuqeda ukuhamba kwakhe kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala.
I-barracuda ingakwazi ukuzingela amanzi aguqubele sibonga umugqa wabo ongemuva, isistimu yezinzwa ethola ukudlidliza futhi ibavumele ukuthi bathole inyamazane ngisho nalapho ukubonakala kukhawulelwe. Ngaphezu kokuba izilwane ezidla ezinye ezisebenzayo, zingaziphatha njenge ama-scavenger, kulandela izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye ukuze zisebenzise izinsalela.
Ngenxa yekhono layo elikhulu lokubamba nekhono lokuzingela, Zimbalwa izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo ukuthi inhlanzi ye-barracuda enayo. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yi Ushaka omhlophe, i-orcas kanye nabantu, ababathwebula ukuze badlale futhi, kwezinye izifunda, ukuze badliwe.
Ukuzala
Kusenemininingwane ethile okufanele ifundwe mayelana nokuzala. Isibonelo, isikhathi esiqondile nendawo yokuzalanisa kuzo zonke imiphakathi akucaci. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kwenziwa entwasahlobo lapho amazinga okushisa engaphezulu, nakuba kwezinye izindawo kuye kwabonwa umsebenzi omkhulu wokuzala unyaka wonke, ngomfutho omncane ezikhathini ezibandayo.
Amaphethini okuzala angase angafani kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba lapho etholakala khona. Kwe IMedithera Kucashunwe isikhathi sokuzala esisukela kusukela Ephreli kuya kuJuni, lapho abesifazane befaka amaqanda emanzini angaphezulu eduze nogu. Ezinsikazi ezisencane zingakhiqiza izinkulungwane zamaqanda, nezinkulu zifinyelele amakhulu ezinkulungwaneUkuthosa baqale ukuzingela ngokushesha ngemva kokuchanyuselwa.
Akulona uhlobo oluvikela amaqanda alo aze achanyuselwe: liwashiya elele, lapho eqedela ukukhula kwawo. Uma ukuzala kwenzeka eduze imilambo Emanzini angashoni, izibungu eziphuma emaqandeni ziya ngase izindawo ezinemifino ukuzizwa uvikelekile. Lapho nje amamilimitha angama-80 ubude, izibungu ziqala ukuhamba emanzini ajulile; lapho zifinyelela cishe ku-300 mm, zingangena emanzini avulekile, futhi kusukela ku-500 mm kuya phambili, zivame ukuhamba zisuka ogwini, ziqhelelane nezizalo zemifula.
Amanye ama-barracuda achazwe njengabuthana izikole ezinkulu zokuzalanisa futhi ubonise umsebenzi omkhulu ngobusuku bangomhla ka- Inyanga egcwele, ethanda ukuhlangana kobulili olwandle.
Izinhlanzi zaseBarracuda nabantu
Ama-Barracuda anedumela elifanayo nelikashaka. Zingaba yingozi kubatshuzi nababhukudi eduze nogu, kodwa ukuhlaselwa akuvamile futhi imvamisa zihlobene ne- ukungaboni kahle noma ngokudoba ngomkhonto, lapho izinhlanzi zingase ziphuthaze ukukhanya kwenhlanzi ebanjiwe njengethuba lokudla. Ngoba kwesinye isikhathi baba nemikhuba yokulahla, bangalandela abatshuzi, ezichaza njengezilwane ezinkulu ezizoshiya izinsalela.
Akuvamile, kodwa kube khona izimo lapho ababhukudi baye balunywaUkuvimbela okungcono kakhulu gwema izinto ezikhanyayo njengamawashi noma izingcezu zemishini ecwebezelayo, njengoba lezi zimpawu ezibonakalayo zidonsa ukunaka kwazo ngokufana ne-silverfish. Gcina a ibanga eliphephile futhi ukungazami ukuzondla noma ukuziphathela kunciphisa ubungozi bufinyelele kuziro.
Gwema ukuthinta noma ukuzama ukubamba i-barracuda: bayakwazi klebhula isikhumba kalula. Nakuba lezi zinhlanzi zingabheki abantu njengokudla, uma sizama ukubamba, zingase zihumushe ukunyakaza njengokufana kwezilwane ezizama ukuphunyuka futhi. ukuluma ekuzivikeleni.
Ku-gastronomy, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akulingani. Kwezinye izindawo ezisogwini lwase-Afrika zisetshenziselwa amasobho namasoso, futhi ziyabhenywa ukuze zithuthukise ukongiwa kwazo. Nokho, ezifundeni nge izixhobo zamakhorali Ukusetshenziswa kwe-barracudas enkulu kungaba yingozi ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwe-barracudas i-ciguatoxins (ciguatera) enyameni yawo, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuwadla kulezo zindawo.
Isivinini, amandla nezinzwa
I-barracuda inedumela elifanelwe kahle fast predator. Ngenxa yephrofayili yomzimba we-cylindrical, imisipha kanye ne-caudal fin enkulu, ingakwazi ukwenza ukusheshisa, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukene, ukufinyelela iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu ohambweni olufushaneKunezilinganiso ezithi iqala cishe ku-90 km/h kanye neziqhathaniso ezidumile eziyiteketisa ngokuthi ingwe yasolwandle noma uze uyifanise nemoto yezemidlalo ngokusheshisa kwayo ngombani, enezibalo ezisuka ku-0 kuye ku-100 km/h ngemizuzwana embalwa. Lezi zibalo zibonisa lokho amandla okuqhuma ngaphezu kwesivinini esiqhubekayo sokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Emanzini adungekile, its umugqa oseceleni isebenza njengerada yebhayoloji, ibona ukudlidliza kwamaminithi kanye noshintsho lwengcindezi emanzini ukuze kutholwe inyamazane noma ngabe umbono ungalungile. Le nhlanganisela ye i-hydrodynamic morphology kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ichaza ukusebenza kwayo kukho kokubili ukuhlasela okuqondile kanye nokuqamekela.
Izincomo zokudoba kwezemidlalo nokuphepha
Sikhona kakhulu ogwini lwaseMedithera nolushisayo, lesi silwane esizingelayo esinamazinyo abukhali siyangena amabhange abantu abambalwa lapho isencane futhi iba yodwa njengoba ikhula. Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ilume: inokuthambekela koku landela izintambo ezinyaweni zabadobi, okwenezela isasasa osukwini. Amahora angukhiye ngokuvamile ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona iwindi elifushane kakhulu lomsebenzi lapho ukuthwebula okuningi kungafinyelelwa.
- Portugal Zoos: Kusukela ogwini, kokubili ebusika nasehlobo, amachweba enza kahle. Ukukhanya okuvela kumalambu omgwaqo iheha izinhlanzi zokudoba okuyinto i-barracuda isizakala ngayo. Iminyango yamachweba ayizindawo zokuwela lapho kuhwalala nasekuseni, ikakhulukazi izikhathi zokukhiqiza.
- Amadwala asogwini: Uma lingekho ichweba eduze, bheka ugu olunamadwala olunokuchayeka olwandle. Amadwala angaphansi kwamanzi akhiqiza countercurrents ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zisebenzisa ukonga amandla ngenkathi zilinde inyamazane yazo. Ngokuvamile bakhetha kancane kugadiwe ukusuka ekusefeni okunamandla, kodwa hlala kude nezindawo ezichayekile ukuze unqamule izinhlanzi.
- Amasu nezicupho: I-Barracudas isabela kahle kakhulu ezihambayo zokudlala (ukuzulazula ogwini noma esikebheni nokuphotha). Iziyengi ezinesitayela futhi ezisheshayo, kanye ne-bait ephilayo njenge inaliti yenhlanzi noma ezincane ezilula ngokuvamile zisebenza. Kuyisihluthulelo sokunakekela izigqi ezingajwayelekile amadivaysi okuqoqa alingisa inyamazane engenangqondo.
- Ukuphepha ekuphatheni: ngenxa yamazinyo abo nangenxa yokuthi izintambo ngokuvamile ziyakhuphuka izingwegwe treble, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise eyodwa inetha le-rubber mesh, izindlawu ezinde zokuqaqa, futhi uma udoba ebusuku, isibani. Gwema ukukhanya ngqo ezinhlanzini ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze ugweme amthuse.
Izinhlobo namakesi afakiwe: Sphyraena viridensis
Ngaphakathi kohlobo lweSphyraena, the amathe anomlomo ophuzi (I-Sphyraena viridensis) wuhlobo olujwayelekile empumalanga ye-Atlantic futhi lukhona naseMedithera. Ikhombisa a side, cishe cylindrical umzimba, ikhanda elibukhali, umlomo obanzi nge imigqa emibili yamazinyo amakhulu, ama-dorals amabili ahlukene kakhulu futhi umsila onemfologo kakhuluIndawo yomgogodla inamathoni metallic blues enamabhande agqamile acacile, kuyilapho izinhlangothi zihlala ziyisiliva.
- Usayizi nesisindo: ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha, enesisindo esingadlula 8 kg kuma-specimens aphawulekayo, nakuba amasayizi amancane kakhulu ajwayelekile.
- Ukudideka: ungadideka ne I-Sphyraena sphyraena (amathe ajwayelekile), anosayizi omncane wesilinganiso futhi nge ibhande legolide ngomugqa ongemuva.
- Imikhuba: i-gregarious esigabeni sayo intsha nokuningi isizungu ekukhuleni kwakhe. Isilwane esizingela ezinye izinhlanzi nama-cephalopods, ukuma kwayo kwe-torpedo nomsila onamandla kuyasivumela ukuba senze kanjalo ama-impulses asheshayo emabangeni amafushane.
- Ukuzala kanye nempilo: kubhekwe amaqembu olwandle oluvulekile phakathi nenkathi yokuzala, ngokukhetha ubusuku be Inyanga egcwele. ISu isikhathi sokuphila Ikhona iminyaka eminingana, futhi isimo sayo sokongiwa sithathwa njengesinjalo ukukhathazeka okuncane ngokwemibandela yamazwe ngamazwe.
- Ukusabalalisa nokudoba: uhlala kusuka ugu kuze kufike ku-100 m cishe ukujula. Awaziswa kakhulu ngokwezentengiselwano kwezinye izindawo, nakuba aziswa kakhulu ukudoba kwezemidlalo.
Amagama engeziwe, iziteketiso nokuziphatha
E-Caribbean i-barracuda ibizwa ngokuthi bhebhaIdumela lakhe lokudla umhlanganiso elingapheli selimzuzele iziteketiso ezinjengokuthi ingwe yasolwandleLawa magama abhekisela kubo ubutha ngokudla inyamazane kanye nokusebenza kahle kwayo ekucupheni nasekugijimeni; azisho ngempela ulaka oluvamile kubantu. Njengelukuluku, ezinye iziqhathaniso ezidumile ziyiveza njengenhlobo ene- ukusheshisa kombani, efana neyemoto yezemidlalo, egcizelela amandla ayo emabangeni amafushane kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile ziba mnyama ohlangothini lwe-dorsal, kanye nemithunzi ye okuluhlaza kuya kokumpunga, izinhlangothi ezisiliva kanye nesisu esimhlophe. Ezinye izinhlobo nemiphakathi zinakho amabala noma imivimbo engalingani phambene. Iphethini eliqondile liyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo zohlobo kanye nobudala.
Ngithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusize ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlanzi ze-barracuda. Ukwazi ukumila kwayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kanye nemikhuba yokuzingela, ukuzala kwayo, nobudlelwano bayo nabantu kuyasiza ujabulele ulwandle ngokuphepha Manje usungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lesi silwane esizingela sikhanga abatshuzi nabadobi emhlabeni wonke.
