Izinhlanzi zikalamula ziyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokunambitheka kwazo okumnandi. Kuyinhlanzi eningi ngokwanele unyaka wonke, kepha isikhathi lapho itholakala ngobuningi obukhulu isezinyangeni zikaMeyi kuya kuJuni. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Seriola dumerili futhi ungowomndeni we-carangid. Yinhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka edingeka kakhulu ku-gastronomy enamagama ahlukene ezentengiselwano nawendawo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke mayelana nale nhlanzi ekhethekile?
Izici zezinhlanzi ze-Lemon
Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luyaziwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba nasendaweni ngayinye lwaziwa ngegama. Isibonelo, e-Andalusia ibizwa kanjalo i-amberjack, i-milkfish kanye ne-lemonfish. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eziQhingini zaseBalearic yaziwa ngokuthi i-cirviola, i-cirvia, ne-sirvia naseziQhingini zaseCanary njenge i-megregal nelamula. Iphinde ibonakale njenge-amberjack enomqhele, umnduze noma i-lechola kuye ngendawo.
Lesi silwane ngokuvamile sihlala ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi nasekujuleni kwamatshe okungamamitha angama-300. Lapho kufika ubusika, zihlala phansi olwandle futhi ziphumela phezulu kuphela lapho amazinga okushisa afudumele efika entwasahlobo. Ukuziphatha kwayo kwesizini ichaza ukuthi kungani kulula ukuyibuka kusukela ogwini ezinyangeni ezifudumele.
Inemisipha yomgogodla eyisishiyagalombili naphakathi kwamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye kanye namashumi amathathu nanhlanu imisebe ethambile yomhlane, imigogodla emithathu yendunu namashumi amabili nambili imisebe ye-anal ethambileUmzimba wayo ucishe ube isicaba futhi ube mude. Iphinde ibe nezikali ezincane ezizungezile umzimba wayo. Ikhanda layo likhulu futhi liyindilinga, linamehlo amancane, umlomo obanzi, nekhala ende, eliyindilinga elinamazinyo amancane. Umugqa osemaceleni ukhonjiswe kancane engxenyeni engaphambili futhi ayinawo amapuleti amathambo, aveza izikali eziningi ezincane.
Inephiko lendunu elandulelwa imigogodla emibili kanye namaphiko amabili omhlane. Umsila wayo une ejwayelekile V-shape ama-carangids, athanda ukubhukuda okunamandla nokuqhubekayo. Ngokuqondene nombala wayo, inengxenye yomgogodla oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nengxenye ye-ventral emhlophe nesiliva. Cishe bonke bane- umugqa ophuzi we-longitudinal, isakazeke kancane kancane, evala izinhlangothi, kanye nomugqa ophuzi okwazi ukugijima usuka ekhaleni udlule esweni uye ngasemhlane.
Usayizi wazo ungahluka phakathi kwemitha nemitha nohhafu, kuya ngeminyaka yawo. Lapho ifinyelela ekuvuthweni, Ingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-60. Ubukhulu bayo nesisindo sayo kuncike ngokuphelele endaweni ehlala kuyo, njengoba amazinga okushisa nemisinga yolwandle yikho okunquma ukukhula kwayo. Kwabancane, amabhande amnyama aqondile angabonakala kungemuva eliphuzi, iphethini efiphalayo ngokuya ngeminyaka.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okwenziwe ngesitayela, i-lemonfish ine- umzimba we-aerodynamic kakhulu okuyinikeza amandla amakhulu okubhukuda. Kuyinhlanzi elwa kakhulu: ingafinyelela isivinini futhi idlale ukujula okusheshayo izinguquko lapho izizwa isongelwa, isici esichaza ubunzima bokuyithatha ngemishini yokukhanya.
Ukuziphatha nendawo yokuhlala
Imvamisa le nhlanzi inayo isimo esizolile, ngaphandle kobudlova kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Njengenhlobo ehlala yodwa, inemikhuba ye-pelagic. Le nhlanzi ibonakala yenza amaqembu noma amapheya kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa. Lapho i-amberjack isiphinde yazala entwasahlobo, ibuyela ekujuleni kolwandle.
Lapho kufika ihlobo, zingabonwa eduze nendawo ogwini. Lapho sebekhulile, bakha amaqembu amakhulu eduze kwezakhiwo eziningi ezintantayo, njenge-jellyfish nama-salps. Izibonelo ezincane Zichitha iminyaka yazo yokuqala yokuphila emihlambini emincane eduze nogu noma olwandle oluphakeme, lapho zihlangana khona nama-buoy, amapulatifomu kanye nezinye izinto ezintantayo ezisebenza njengesiphephelo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ngokukhula, imihlambi iba mincane futhi Izibonelo ezinkulu zivame ukuphila ukuphila zodwa.
Njengamanje, indawo esakazwa kuyo ihlanganisa cishe wonke amanzi ezilwandle zomhlaba. Ukuchichima kwayo okukhulu kunawo wonke kusemanzini oLwandle i-Atlantic, adlulele kulo lonke iMedithera kanye neBay of Biscay. Emhlabeni jikelele, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo circumglobal, etholakala e-Indian nasentshonalanga yePacific, ikakhulukazi ehlotshaniswa nezixhobo zamatshe namatshe aphansi.
Indawo yayo isekujuleni kolwandle ebangeni eliphakathi kwamamitha angama-80 no-300Ezinyangeni ezipholile isondela ogwini nangaphezulu, lapho ingabonakala khona phakathi 20 namamitha ayi-60 ijulile, ihamba njengenhlanzi i-pelagic noma i-epibenthic kuye ngokutholakala kokudla nendawo yokuhlala.
Ukondla nokuzala kabusha
Lezi zinhlanzi zingabantu abadla inyama nje, ngoba indlela abadla ngayo isekelwe ngokuphelele ezinye izinhlanzi nezilwane ezingenamgogodla, kanye nama-squid nama-cuttlefishLe nhlanzi ivame ukubanjwa ngesikhathi izingela ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-horse mackerel, ama-crustaceans, i-fry, ne-bream. Lapho indlala igadla, iyakwazi ukudla noma iyiphi into ephilayo ezulazula endaweni. Ezindaweni eziqinile phansi, ihlanganisa ama-benthics amancane nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene ekudleni kwawo, esebenzisa ijubane lawo ukuze aqamekele inyamazane edla inyama.
Mayelana nokuzala, kunezici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe. Indawo lapho zizalana khona incike ezintweni eziguquguqukayo ezifana nezinga lokushisa kanye nendawo yesimo sezulu ezitholakala kuyo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho amazinga okushisa ekhuphuka futhi ejabulisa kakhulu ukukhulisa ukuthosa. Uhlobo luyi i-gonochoric (ubulili buhlukene) futhi kokubili amaqanda nezibungu zinjalo i-planktonic, ekhukhuleka nemisinga ezigabeni zayo zokuqala.
Ukuzala kwenzeka lapho izinhlanzi zikalamula ziba ngabantu abadala (imvamisa kungakapheli iminyaka emine kwabesilisa neminyaka emihlanu kwabesifazane). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukuzala kungenzeka. Ngalesi sikhathi empilweni yabo bavame ukuba ngosayizi we- cishe amasentimitha angama-80 futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-12Lezi zinhlanzi zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, zifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angu-40 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala. Kwezinye izifundo zesifunda, i ukuvuthwa ngokocansi Kuye kwaqashelwa nxazonke 109 cm kwabesifazane y 113 cm emadodeni, ngokuhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inani labantu nendawo ezungezile.
Lapho izinhlanzi ziye zazala iminyaka eminingana Ziyakwazi ukufinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha nesigamu futhi ingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-60 (izibonelo ezinesisindo esingafika kumakhilogremu angu-80 sezitholakele). Inhlanzi i-amberjack ikhetha izindawo ezizalela kuyo ezikoleni ezincane uma iqhathaniswa futhi yakha indawo yayo eduze nezinto ezintantayo njengamapulatifomu, ama-buoy, noma ezinye izinto eziseduze nogu. Ngemva kokuzalwa, amaqanda achanyuselwa nezibungu ziyavela; njengoba zikhula, izingane ziyahlakazeka futhi zifune ukuba zodwa futhi.
Kokubili amaqanda nezibungu zithwalwa yimisinga yolwandle. Isigaba sezibungu ku-plankton siyanwebeka amasonto, futhi yonke inqubo kuze kube yilapho izingane zizinza ezindaweni eziphephile futhi ziqala ukuhlangana nezakhiwo zinganwetshwa. Izinyanga ezininganaPhakathi nezigaba zabo zokuqala, akuyona into engavamile ukubona gazinga ngaphansi "kwesigqoko" se i-scyphomedusae, okubanikeza isivikelo.
Amagama ajwayelekile, i-taxonomy nezinhlobo ezihlobene
Emkhakheni we-gastronomic kanye nokudoba, I-Seriola dumerili Ihlanganyela umndeni (i-Carangidae) nezinhlobo ezifana ne-horse mackerel kanye ne-mackerel. Kwaziwa ngamagama esifunda amaningi: i-amberjack, i-amberjack, i-amberjack, i-cirviola, i-amberjack, i-lily, i-lechola, phakathi kwabanye. Igama layo lesidlaliso elithi "lemonfish" liqondise ku umugqa ophuzi egijima eceleni kanye namathoni asagolide engemuva kwezinye izifanekiso.
Kungcono ukuthi ungayiphambanisi nezinye izinhlobo. Amagama ahlobene avela emakethe nasemasikweni ahlukahlukene okupheka: hamachi y ngcwaba EJapane babhekisela kuyo I-Seriola quinqueradiata (isihlobo esiseduze), lapho elithi “hamachi” liqoka izifanekiso izingane (approx. 3-5 kg) kanye “buri” abadala. Kubuye kukhulunywe ngakho njalo i-yellowtail amberjack (Seriola lalandi), isatshalaliswa emanzini apholile futhi yaziswa ngendlela efanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- isibalo (Lichia amia) ungowohlobo oluhlukile, nakuba kwezinye izindawo amagama edidekile; izici nemikhuba yayo akufani. Hlukanisa kahle izinhlobo zezilwane kusiza ukulungisa okulindelwe kwezokupheka nokudoba.
Amanani okudoba nokudla okunempilo
Ukudoba lezi zinhlanzi kuvame kakhulu ezinsukwini ezibalulwe ngenhla. Ngenxa yokuthi benyukela ogwini, batholakala kalula futhi babanjwa. Ukudoba kwayo akuvezi ukuphazamiseka futhi imvamisa kuyimpumelelo ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi esifanelekile sokubanjwa kwayo nezindawo ezivame ukujwayela kuyaziwa. Yize ezinyangeni zikaMeyi nangoJuni zande kakhulu, lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukutholakala unyaka wonke. I-Lemonfish ekudobeni kwezemidlalo Ingabhekwa njengenselele impela ngenxa yomzimba wayo we-aerodynamic nesivinini.
Ubunzima bokudoba kwayo bufanele ekuhlelweni komzimba wakho. Ngaleli fomu, bayakwazi ukubhukuda ngamandla amakhulu nangokushesha. Ngala makhono, bayakwazi ukuhlala olwandle isikhathi eside. I-lemonfish i indondo yangempela yabadobi abalandeli basogwini nezilwandle eziphakeme. Uma ubukhulu buba bukhulu, bugculisa ngokwengeziwe.
Amasu asuka esikebheniI-trolling ekhanyayo kumafindo angu-2-4 isebenza kahle kakhulu, isebenzisa izithiyo zemvelo ezifana i-sardine egibele, amathe, i-mullet noma i-cuttlefish; lapho zingekho, izicupho zokwenziwa nazo ziyasebenza. Imishini ejwayelekile: 1,8-2 m izinduku nokudonsa ukukhanya (10-30 lb), multiplier reels usayizi 2/0 kuya 4/0 nge 300-500 m of 0,55-0,70 mm monofilament, umholi steel mayelana 2 m futhi izingwegwe 3/0 ukuze 6/0.
Amasu asuka ogwini. Ukusefa okunamandla okunama-4-5 m rods, 0,50-0,70 mm umugqa, i-down tackle kanye nabaholi bensimbi kuyinketho ebucayi uma izinhlanzi zisondela ogwini. Njengesilwane, i-sardine, i-horse mackerel, i-mackerel noma i-spit (30-35 cm) uma idotshwa ngesiyengo esifile; nge-bait ephilayo, Lisa Ngokuvamile kusebenza kakhulu. Isexwayiso lapho uqoqa: its ukugijima kanye nezinguquko zokujula Bayacwebezela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yaziswa kakhulu ngeminikelo yayo yokudla okunomsoco okucebile amaprotheni, i-Omega-3, amaminerali, namavithamini. Ngokombono wokudla okunomsoco, i-amberjack ungumpetha: nge-100 g ngayinye ingahlinzeka ngokuzungezile I-130-184 kcal kuye ngocezu, nge 21-24 g amaprotheni enenani eliphezulu lebhayoloji kanye nokuqukethwe kwamafutha amaningi angagcwele unsaturated. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yi omega-3 fatty acids (awusizo empilweni yenhliziyo), amavithamini B12, B3, A, D kanye no-E, kanye namaminerali afana i-selenium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-zinc nensimbiIqukethe ama-carbohydrate cishe null, njengezinhlanzi eziningi.
Ukukhetha ucezu lwekhwalithi kuhle ukubheka izikali ezicwebezelayo, amehlo akhanyayo anezwi eliluhlaza okotshani (engashoni) futhi umgogodla wegolide kuchazwe kahle. Inyama kufanele ibukeke iqinile, nge umbala ogqamile nephunga elimnandi lasolwandle. Lezi zimpawu ziwusizo ekwehlukaniseni phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezintsha naleyo ekhathele ngenxa yesikhathi sokuchayeka.
I-aquaculture kanye nokusimama
Isidingo sezinhlanzi zikalamula siye sakhula ukuzalanisa aquaculture ezifundeni ezahlukene, ngentuthuko ephawulekayo ekulawuleni ukuzala kanye nempilo yabo. Izinhlobo zohlobo zitshalwa emazweni anesiko lasolwandle nasezindaweni zase-Asia. ISeriola, esiza ukunikezwa okuzinzile unyaka wonke futhi kunciphisa ingcindezi emabhange zasendle. I-aquaculture inomthelela ekusimameni futhi igcine inqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane eziyizimpawu ezifana ne-lemonfish.
Mayelana nokongiwa kwemvelo, ayibhekwa njengesengozini emhlabeni jikelele, nakuba abantu bendawo bengase bathintwe izingcindezi zokudoba kanye nezinguquko zemvelo. Ukuphatha ngendlela efanele (ubukhulu obuncane, izinkathi zonyaka ezivaliwe, izinto zokudoba ezikhethiwe) kanye ukuthenga unolwazi ukufaka isandla ekugcineni izindawo zokudoba zisimeme. Kumthengi, ukubeka phambili ukubanjwa kwesizini, imvelaphi esobala, nemikhuba enenhlonipho kuyisiqinisekiso esingcono kakhulu izinga kanye nekusasa.
I-lemonfish yaziwa kakhulu futhi idingeka emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okucebile nempumelelo yokudoba. Ukwazi kwayo izici zebhayoloji, imikhuba, ukudla kanye nomjikelezo wokuzala, ngaphezu kwamagama ayo ezentengiselwano nezinhlobo ezihlobene nawo, kusiza ukukukhomba ngokunembile futhi kusetshenziswe ngokunenzuzo etafuleni nasekudobeni kwezemidlalo. Iphrofayili yayo yokudla okunomsoco kanye nokuguquguquka kuyibeka phakathi kwe izinhlanzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuze ujabulele ekuphekeni kwansuku zonke kanye namalungiselelo amnandi kakhulu.
