Kungenzeka wazibuza inhlanzi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani, iyini impilo yayo emaphakathi e-aquarium futhi iqiniso ukuthi, angikwazi ukukutshela inani eliqondile leminyaka ngoba izinhlanzi zingaphila kusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuye eminyakeni embalwa, ngokuvamile kuye ngokuthi inhlanzi ikwazi ukumelana nayo, ukuthi indala kangakanani futhi ukuthi uvuswa kanjani.
Lapho benazo emathangini ezinhlanzi, hhayi ama-aquariums, ochwepheshe abaningi abathi bangagcina Iminyaka engu-2-3 ngoba izinhlanzi azikwazi ukubambelela isikhathi eside ukucindezeleka abahlala kuyo. Abanye bathi, uma unakekelwa kahle, bangahlala iminyaka eminingi futhi bakuphelezele kukho konke ukuphila kwakho.
Iqiniso ukuthi izinhlanzi esizithengayo imvamisa mncane ngeminyaka (cishe izinyanga ezi-2 ubudala) ngakho-ke bazohlala okungenani iminyaka embalwa uma sibanakekela kahle. Kubuye kuncike ku- especie uzothola ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside noma esifushane. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlanzi ezisetshenziselwa hlanza amafasitela, abahlanzayo, bangahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kuneminyaka engu-2 uma bephilile futhi bengagxili, ngaphezu kokukhula kakhulu.
Ochwepheshe bathi inhlanzi, nge umthethosisekelo omuhle nonakekelwa kahle (thola ukuthi ungahamba isikhathi esingakanani ungadlile), bangaphila Iminyaka eyi-10-15 kuma-aquariums (hhayi emathangini ezinhlanzi) futhi banganweba ngisho naleyo minyaka ibe yinde kunenja. Kodwa, njengoba ngishilo, kufanele kube i-aquarium. unakekelwe kahle kakhulu lapho okungashoda khona.
Una "umthetho wesiqondiso" isitshela ukuthi ubukhulu besilinganiso sohlobo oluthile, impilo ende enkulu Inomumo onjengoba inkulu, izophila iminyaka eminingi, nakuba kufanele ukucabangele lokhu nge-aquarium yakho, ngeke ufune inhlanzi enkulu kakhulu ngoba ingafinyelela. dlani ezinye izinhlanzi.
Izinto ezinweba ngempela (noma ezifinyeza) ukuphila ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini nasemathangeni ezinhlanzi
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo: Ku-aquarium enevolumu eyanele kanye nokuhlunga okwanele, isikhathi sokuphila sivamile khudlwana ngokuphawulekayo kunasethangini lezinhlanzi. Isikhala esengeziwe sinciphisa ukucindezeleka okuchichimayo futhi inikeza amanzi azinzile.
Ikhwalithi yamanzi: gcina i-ammonium ne-nitrites I-0 mg / L, ama-nitrate aphansi, i-pH ezinzile, nezinga lokushisa elifanele uhlobo ngalunye kubalulekile. Ukuhlaziya amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile gwema ama-spikes abulalayo. Isihlungi esinosayizi ofanele nesihamba ngamabhayisikili sibalulekile.
Izinga lokushisa kanye ne-oxygenation: Izinga lokushisa elilungile linciphisa umzimba ophoqelelwe (ukugwema ukuguga okusheshayo). Ukunyakaza okuhle kwendawo kanye/noma izitshalo eziphilayo Bakhuthaza ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kanye nokutholakala kwe-oxygen.
Ukudla: ukudla okuhlukahlukene nokulinganisela izinga eliphezulu (ngokwemikhuba yokudla uhlaza, i-omnivorous noma inyama edlayo) kanye nezabelo ezilungisiwe kuvimbela ukukhuluphala, ukuntuleka komsoco kanye nokungcoliswa izinsalela.
Ukuhambisana komphakathi: hlanganisa izinhlobo ne isimo sengqondo, osayizi abahlukene kakhulu noma izidingo zidala ukucindezeleka futhi ukuhlaselwaIthangi elinabantu abahambisanayo liphila isikhathi eside nangcono.
Ziphila isikhathi eside kangakanani izinhlanzi eziwolintshi?
Iningi lezinhlanzi esizithenga ezitolo ezinikezelwe ukuthengiswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukubizwa inhlanzi ewolintshi, ukhaphethi noma igolide. Yizinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi yizo esivame ukuzibona emathangini ezinhlanzi nasemanzini. Noma kunjalo, akuzona ezaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Lezi zinhlanzi zibucayi kakhulu futhi zibuthaka kakhulu kunalokho esicabanga. Kungakho kunezimo lapho sithenga khona esinye salezi zilwane ezincane futhi siphile izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, ngisho nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lo mthetho awugcwaliseki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ngokunakekelwa okufanele, singenza izinhlanzi eziwolintshi zikhuthazelele nathi kusuka I-2 eminyakeni engu-3.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zikhuliswa emachibini amakhulu lapho zikhula khona futhi zikhule ngokushesha, naphezu kweminyaka yazo encane. Ngakho-ke, zonke izibonelo ezitholakala kuma-aviaries kanye nezitolo zezilwane zinjalo mncane kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi komndeni we-carp yokuhlobisa, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezidume ngabo ukuphila isikhathi eside emanzini amakhulu, njenge i-koi carp, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezilungile ingadlula kalula ishumi leminyaka, futhi isondele ngisho namabanga Iminyaka engu-20-25 ezindaweni ezigcinwe kahle kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ezifana shubunkin Zihlala isikhathi eside futhi uma ukulungiswa kukuhle futhi ithangi likhulu.
Ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani inhlanzi eyi-clown?
I-Los inhlanzi ehlekisayo zingesinye sezilwane eziheha kakhulu zasemanzini. Kuyamangaza umbala wewolintshi nobomvu, kuhlanganiswe ne Imivimbo Emhlophe, akwenze kucace. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngaphakathi kuleli qembu de peces, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu zigcinwa.
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, lezi zinhlanzi zitholakala emanzini afudumele e- i-Pacific Ocean, enabantu abaningi abanezixhobo zamakhorali, ezihambisana nama-anemone, ezinikeza ukuvikeleka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ngesikhathi esisodwa ezinikeza imithombo ehlukahlukene yokudla. Kulezi zimo, lezi zilwane ziyaphila phakathi kweminyaka emibili neshumi nanhlanu cishe, kuya, yebo, ngohlobo lwe- i-clownfish esibhekise kuyo.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo de peces nazo eziye zafuywa ukuphila ekuthunjweni, i-clownfish ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuyisicefe, ngakho-ke iyindlela enhle yokuyihlanganisa ku-aquarium yethu, lapho, uma kungenzeki lutho olungavamile futhi inakekelwa kahle, singayijabulela kusukela lapho. I-5 eminyakeni engu-10Ekuthunjweni okuphethwe kahle kuvamile ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme, kuyilapho endle ezinye izibonelo zifinyelela izibalo ze impilo ende ephakeme ngenxa yokuzinza kwe-reef kanye ne-symbiosis ne-anemones.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani inhlanzi ikhayithi?
I-Los izinhlanzi zekhayithi Zingenye yezinhlanzi ezincane ezaziwa kakhulu ze-aquarium. Imibala yazo eyahlukahlukene ibenza babe yizilwane ezikhangayo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisendlini. Ngokuvuna kwabo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi bayathandana kakhulu, ngakho-ke abazikhombisi izinkinga lapho behlala nezinye izinhlobo.
Zonke lezi zici zenza inhlanzi yama-kite ibe enye yezinhlanzi ezelulekwa kakhulu kubo bonke labo abaqala kulo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyisilwane esingadingi ukunakekelwa okuningi, yize singabomndeni we i-kite fish noma i-goldfish.
Akumangalisi ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zingaphila ngokuthunjwa kusuka eminyakeni engu-5 kuya kwengu-10, inqobo nje uma benakekelwa ngendlela efanele. Ema-aquariums anokuhlunga okuhle futhi low charge density, lokho abakulindele kukhula kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namathangi ezinhlanzi ngaphandle kokulawula okushisayo noma kwebhayoloji.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani inhlanzi yeguppy?
I-Los izinhlanzi ze-guppy Zingezinye zezinhlobonhlobo abazithandayo nabalandeli abazithandayo. Kulezi zinhlobo, singathola abantu abahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, ngokombala nangemilo, ngakho-ke ukuthandwa kwayo.
Ziyizilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi kulezo ze low current njengemifula, amachibi namachibi. Endaweni yemvelo, sibathola emazweni I-Central America njengoba Trinidad, Barbados, Venezuela nenyakatho ye Brasil.
Izici amanzi ahlala kuzo lezi zilwane kumele zibe: izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-22 no-28 degrees, ngama-degree angu-25 okuyiwona angcono kakhulu; i-pH kufanele ibe yi-alkaline, futhi ingalokothi ibe ngaphansi kuka-6.5 noma ngaphezulu kuka-8. Uma sikufeza konke lokhu, lezi zinhlanzi zizokwazi ukuphila. iminyaka 2.
Ukuze usondele kusilingi wesikhathi sakho sempilo, uyanikela ukudla kwekhwalithi (ama-flakes athile ezinhlanzi ze-viviparous, i-brine shrimp, i-daphnia, imifino e-blanched) futhi ivimbela ukwanda kwabantu. Lawula abesilisa abanamaphiko amakhulu kakhulu (azwela kakhulu) futhi ugcine ubudlelwano Owesilisa ongu-1 kwabesifazane abangu-2-3 kusiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile: umhlahlandlela osheshayo wokuphila isikhathi eside
Ngemuva kwalokho i- ireferensi ewusizo ukusetha okulindelwe okungokoqobo (ku-aquarium enakekelwa kahle):
- I-Betta splendens: ngokuvamile phakathi Iminyaka engu-2-3, ngamacala athile afinyelela ngaphezulu uma i amanzi Izinzile futhi ukondla kusezingeni eliphezulu.
- Killis: izinhlobo zonyaka ezivame ukuphila Iminyaka engu-1-2; abanye baqeda umjikelezo wabo wokuphila emachibini esikhashana.
- Ama-Platy, ama-mollies kanye ne-swordtails: nxazonke kufika eminyakeni eyi-5 ezimeni ezifanele.
- I-Tetras ne-rasboras: njalo Iminyaka engu-3-5 en ama-aquarium avuthiwe kanye nemingcele efanele.
- I-Corydoras: i-catfish enokuthula enganqoba ububanzi be iminyaka 5 uma i-substrate ikhona kulungile futhi ayilimazi izilevu zabo.
- i-carp eyodwa: ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu emachibini nasezindaweni zasemanzini ezinkulu, namarekhodi asekhaya adlula Amashumi amabili eminyaka ezinhlelweni ezigcinwe kahle kakhulu.
- I-Shubunkin namanye ama-fantasy carp: Ngendawo enhle nokunakekelwa okuqinile, bangakwazi sondela ebangeni eliphezulu lomndeni we-carp wokuhlobisa.
- I-Clownfish ne-cometfish: ngokuvamile kububanzi be Iminyaka engu-5-10 ekuthunjweni okuphethwe kahle.
Inhlanzi ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani ngaphandle kwamanzi?
Okunye okukhathazayo okuthinta kakhulu abalimi yi isikhathi lapho izinhlanzi zingahlala ziphila ngaphandle kwamanzi. Futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho esikucabangayo, lezi zilwane zingaphila isikhathi esithile ngaphandle kwemvelo yasemanzini kuye ngezimo.
Uma, ngaphandle kwamanzi, izinhlanzi endaweni nge lokushisa lasekamelweni Uma kunalokho kubanda futhi ubekwe endaweni engasheshi ukumunca umswakama, ingahlala impilo yonke. kuze kufike cishe ehoreni elilodwa.
Kunezimo lapho izinhlanzi ziye zagxuma, ngendlela engakholeki njengoba kungase kubonakale, kusukela ethangini lezinhlanzi noma echibini. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, futhi sisathola izinhlanzi zethu ziphila, kufanele sizifake ngokushesha esitsheni esifana amanzi kunethangi lezinhlanzi noma ichibi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele siyihlanza ngobumnene ngosizo lwendebe, ukuze sisuse noma yiziphi izinhlayiya zothuli, njll, ezinamathele esikhumbeni sayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi akufanele hlikihla izinhlanzi ngokuqinile ukugwema ukubangela ukulimala kwangaphandle. Ngemva kokuyibuka abambalwa Amahora we-24 Ngaphakathi kwesitsha futhi sesiqinisekisile ukuthi kulungile, sizoqhubeka nokuyibuyisela ethangini lezinhlanzi noma echibini.
Inhlanzi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani olwandle?
Phakathi kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, eziningi zazo eziyizinhlanzi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene de peces Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okuningi, futhi ku- isikhathi sokuphila bekungeke kube kuncane.
Imvamisa izinhlanzi ezihlala olwandle nasolwandle zihlala isikhathi eside kunabalingani bazo abaphila okufanayo emachibini nasemifuleni. Kukhona izinhlanzi eziphila ngokulambisa unyaka owodwa, kanti ezinye ziphila kuze kube yingxenye yekhulu leminyaka. Ngokuhlukile, ama-sturgeons nabaqoqi bamaqembu batholakale ngaphezulu kwe- Iminyaka engu-100. Kepha uma besizokwenza isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle, singasho ukuthi siseduze ne- iminyaka 20.
Uma sifuna ukwazi iminyaka yenhlanzi, kukhona iqhinga elihle elinokwethenjelwa. Njengezindandatho ezidwetshwe eziqwini zesihlahla, uma sibheka amazenga ezinhlanzi, nazo zidweba uchungechunge lwezinhlanzi. imigqa yokukhula. Umugqa ngamunye wale migqa ukhombisa unyaka owodwa wobudala besilwane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa a ukukhulisa ingilazi yokukhuliswa okuphezulu, njengoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokho ngeso lenyama.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani inhlanzi yamanzi abandayo?
Izinhlanzi zase-Coldwater zihlanganisa lezo ezihlala emachibini, emifuleni, nakuzo zonke izinhlanzi ezifuywayo ezifuyelwa ama-aquariums namathangi ezinhlanzi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi, kodwa ngokungafani nezinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini olwandle, ngokuvamile zihlala kuwo isikhathi esincane.
Uma ngaphambili sathi izinhlanzi zasolwandle zingafinyelela isikhathi sokuphila esiphakeme kakhulu, ngisho nokufinyelela iminyaka 20 nezibalo eziphakeme kakhulu, izinhlanzi zamanzi abandayo zivame ukuba nesikhathi sokuphila kusuka eminyakeni emibili kuye iminyaka ye-15.
Siyethemba ukuthi ngendatshana yethu usuvele unombono ocacile we inhlanzi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani kanye nesikhathi sokuphila salezi zinhlanzi ezincane (hhayi ezincane kakhulu) esivame ukuba nazo ekhaya.
Umthetho wendawo, imishini, kanye nengcindezi: indlela yokugwema ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Umhlahlandlela owusizo kuma-aquaistics owaziwa kakhulu ilitha ngesentimitha umthetho: gcina cishe ilitha lamanzi ngesentimitha ngalinye lezinhlanzi zabantu abadala. Lesi sithenjwa, nakuba inkomba, isiza usayizi wethangi futhi ugweme ama-ammonium spikes ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile. Akukaze kube buhlungu ukwengeza imajini eyengeziwe.
Izisetshenziswa ezifanele: Isihlungi esinesilinganiso sokugeleza esanele (kanye nezinto eziphilayo) sibalulekile qeda imfucuza futhi ugcine amabhaktheriya e-nitifying. Ezinhlotsheni ezishisayo, a I-heater ye-thermostatic igcina izinga lokushisa lizinzile. Ukukhanyisa kulawula i- isikhathi sesithombe, kubalulekile ezitshalweni kanye nesigqi sebhayoloji.
Izibalo zamasonto onke: I-aquarium iyisistimu evaliwe; kuwumqondo omuhle ukukala i-pH, KH, GH, ammonium, nitrites, nama-nitrate njalo. Ilungile ngesikhathi esifanele. gwema izinkinga ezifinyeza ukuphila kwezinhlanzi.
Izitshalo ezibukhoma: Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa, bathanda i- ukushintshana kwegesi futhi usize ukuzinzisa imvelo ngokudla ama-nitrate. Bahlinzeka ngezindawo zokukhosela ezinciphisa ukucindezeleka phakathi kwabantu ngabanye.
Izinguquko zamanzi: imfucuza iyabola futhi ubuthi amanzi uma singawavuseleli. Izinguquko ezingaphelele ezivamile (isibonelo, u-20% ngesonto) zigcina indawo ezungezile iphephile kuzinhlanzi.
Isimo sezulu, ukuphilisana kanye nokudla: unxantathu ongabonakali wokuphila isikhathi eside
Izinhlamvu nezigaba: Kukhona izinhlanzi ezinokuthula kanye nezindawo. Ngisho nezinhlobo ezizolile zingaba nolaka lapho isivuthiwe (isb. ama-cichlids athile noma i-angelfish). Umhlobiso kufanele nqamula imigqa yokubona ukunciphisa izingxabano.
Isigqi sokudla: Abadla kancane nabadla kancane bahlala ndawonye ethangini elilodwa odlayoUma abaphuzayo bengasitholi isabelo sabo, bayagula indlala, kanye nalezo ezizila ukudla, ngokweqisa. Sabalalisa ukudla ngemithamo emincane futhi, uma kunesidingo, nikela ukudla okuhlosiwe ezindaweni ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyadla.
Ukuhlanzeka okuhlakaniphile: Ungadli ngokweqile (susa okusalile ngemizuzu), hlanza isihlungi ngamanzi e-aquarium ukuze kulondolozwe amagciwane futhi kuphonswe i-substrate lapho enqwabelana khona imfucuza.
Ukukhanya nokungenisa umoya: Nakuba izinhlanzi zingakudingi ukukhanya kwelanga, i-photoperiod evamile ikhuthaza ukukhula. ibhalansiGwema ilanga eliqondile, elishisa futhi likhuthaze ulwelwe. Iqinisekisa okuhle i-oxygenation ngokunyakaza okukha phezulu.
Amakesi aphila isikhathi esifushane kakhulu nezinhlobo eziphula irekhodi
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezikwazi ukuphila iminyaka eminingi. Encane I-Eviota sigillata Ingenye yezilwane ezinomgogodla ezine impilo emfushane, ngamarekhodi nje Izinsuku ze-59. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-African kili Nothobranchius eggersi ivelele i-its ukuvuthwa okusheshayo, ikhula futhi izalane ngamaviki futhi iqede umjikelezo wayo wokuphila ngo Izinyanga eziyi-9 kuya kwezi-12Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amatende amakhulu (njenge koi) nezinhlanzi ezithile zasolwandle (ama-groupers, ama-sturgeon) ziyafinyelela ukuphila isikhathi eside okungavamile lapho imvelo izinzile futhi ingenazo izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Uhlu lokuhlola ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yezinhlanzi zakho
- Usayizi wethangi ngendlela efanele (umthetho welitha/cm kanye nemajini eyengeziwe) futhi ugweme ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingahambelani.
- Biyela i-aquarium ngaphambi kokwethula izinhlanzi futhi ulinganise amapharamitha masonto onke ukuze uwalungise ngesikhathi.
- Ukuhlunga inkulu futhi izinzile; ungawashi izinto eziphilayo ngamanzi ampompi.
- Amanzi ayashintsha izingxenye ezivamile, i-substrate siphoning ukuvimbela ama-planarian nokulawula lokushisa.
- Ukudla okuhlukahlukene kanye nekhwalithi, izingxenye ezincane; kulungiswe imikhuba yokudla yohlobo ngalunye.
- Umhlobiso nezindawo zokukhosela ezinciphisa ingcindezi futhi ziphule ukubonakala phakathi kwezindawo.
- izitshalo eziphilayo ukuze i-oxygen, idle ama-nitrate futhi iqinise i-ecosystem.
Kungani izinhlanzi zami zifa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa?
Uma izinhlanzi zakho zingasindi ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, hlola lawa maphuzu abalulekile: ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okunganele (yethula izinhlanzi ngaphambi kokuba isisefo sicubungule i-ammonium/nitrite), ukwanda kwabantu, ukungahambisani kwesimilo, amapharamitha angaphandle kwebanga (izinga lokushisa, i-pH, ubulukhuni), kanye nokungondleki okwanele. Yenza izivivinyo zamasonto onke, wehlise umthwalo webhayoloji, uthuthukise ukuhlunga, futhi uvumelane nokudla kanye Compatibilidad kwezinhlobo. Ngalokhu kulungiswa, kuvamile ukusuka ekulahlekelweni okuphindelelayo kuye kubantu esitebeleni futhi waphila isikhathi eside.
Ngokucabangela konke lokhu okungenhla, impendulo ethi "uphila isikhathi esingakanani inhlanzi" kuncike kakhulu ku- biology yohlobo ngalunye njenge izinqumo zesondlo ukuthi uthathe ekhaya. Ezindaweni zasemanzini ezinobukhulu obuhle, ezinamanzi azinzile, umoya-mpilo omuhle, izitshalo kanye nokudla okwanele, izinhlobo eziningi ezifuywayo zinqoba kalula izimfoloko eziphansi futhi zivame ukusondela kuzo. uphahla olude, ngenkathi emathangini amancane ezinhlanzi futhi ngaphandle kokulawula ipharamitha isibikezelo siwela okungenani ngenxa ye ukucindezeleka okungapheli kanye neziqongo zamanzi ezinobuthi.
