Umbuso wasemanzini ufihla ingcebo ye izinhlobo eziningi ezihlala ziyimfihlakalo engaqondakaliNgezinkulungwane zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu nezinobutha, izinhlanzi ziye zathuthuka izimo ezingavamile ezinjalo, imibala kanye nokuziphatha lokho kubekela inselele konke esikwaziyo ngempilo yangaphansi kwamanzi. Lesi sihloko siwuhambo olubanzi, olugcwele ulwazi oluyingqayizivele nolwakamuva, lwe izinhlanzi eziyivelakancane emhlabeni: kusuka ezilwaneni ezihlala ekujuleni komgodi kuya ezilwaneni ezinekhono elimangalisayo, zonke ezinokuzijwayeza okuthakazelisayo ukuze ziphile endaweni ehluke kakhulu neshintshayo.
Yini ngempela eyenza inhlanzi ingavamile: izici ezihlukanisayo
Uma sikhuluma ngama-rarities ezinhlanzi, asibhekiseli ekubukekeni kwazo kuphela, kodwa ekuhlanganiseni ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuziphatha, namasu okusindaEzinye zezindlela lezi zinhlobo ezigqama ngazo phakathi kwezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zihlanganisa:
- I-Bioluminescence: Amandla okukhipha ukukhanya kwawo ngezitho ezikhethekile ezibizwa ama-photophoresLezi zibani zisetshenziselwa ukuheha inyamazane, ukudida izilwane ezidla ezinye, noma ukuxhumana ebumnyameni bokujula.
- I-morphology engavamileKusukela ku-gelatinous, imizimba ebonisa ngale ebonakala ibukeka njenge-spectral, kuya emihlathini enwebekayo, amazinyo angenasayizi ngokulinganayo, nama-appendages afana namaqabunga asiza ekufihleni noma ekuzingeleni.
- Ukufihla okwedlulele: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane zinemibala kanye nokuma okujatshulelwe ukuhlangana nendawo ezizungezile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zilingisa amatshe, ulwelwe, amakhorali, noma ulwandle ngokwalo.
- Izinhlelo zezinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbiEzinye izinhlanzi zinezinzwa ezikwazi ukubona izindawo zikagesi noma kazibuthe, ezizivumela ukuba ziziqondise futhi zibone inyamazane ngokuphumelelayo ebumnyameni obumnyama noma obuphelele.
- Ubuthi obunamandlaKunezinhlanzi ezinezindlela zokuzivikela ezibulalayo, njengemigogodla enobuthi noma ubuthi besikhumba, obubenza babe izidalwa zesatshwa ngisho nangabantu.
- Ikhono "lokuhamba":Izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ziye zashintsha amaphiko azo ukuze ahambe phansi njengokungathi zinamalungu, okubekela inselele isithombe esivamile sezinhlanzi ezibhukudayo.
Lezi zici azigcini nje ngokuzivumela ukuba ziphile, kodwa futhi zibenze babe ama-prodigies weqiniso wemvelo.
Ama-Chimeras: Izihlobo Eziyimfihlo Zoshaka Nemisebe
Ama-chimera (I-Chimaeriformes) yiqembu elithakazelisayo inhlanzi enesigaxa, ehlobene eduze noshaka nemisebe, futhi ngokuvamile itholakala ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angu-4.000 XNUMX. Ukubukeka kwabo kuyaphawuleka a ikhanda elivelele, amehlo amakhulu nomsila omude, omncane elifana nelegundane. Zikhula zibe amamitha angu-1,5 ubude futhi zinesikhumba esimbozwe amazenga amancane, ahlukahlukene ngombala ukusuka kompunga okunsundu kuye komnyama wendiza.
Esikhundleni samazinyo avamile, akhula amapuleti okuchotshozwa ukuphula amagobolondo nama-carapaces ama-crustaceans. Ukuzivikela kwayo kuhlanganisa a onobuthi womgogodla ekwazi ukulimaza izilonda ezibuhlungu. Futhi banesimiso sezinzwa esithuthukisiwe, esikwazi ukubona amandla kagesi noma kazibuthe endaweni ezizungezile, okubenza babe izilwane ezidla ezinye eziphumelelayo zasebusuku.
Enye yezinto ezingavamile kakhulu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuthi banga okuwukuphela kwezilwane ezinomgogodla zesimanje ezinezinsalela zemilenze yesithathu, okwandisa imfihlakalo yayo kusayensi.
I-Ocean sunfish (i-Mola mola): i-giant yasolwandle eyindilinga
El i-sunfish (Mola mola) idume ngokuba yi- izinhlanzi ezisindayo kunazo zonke ezikhonaEzinye izibonelo zinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-1.000 futhi zingafinyelela ngisho nangaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ubude. Imizimba yazo imise okweqanda, isicaba kakhulu ngaseceleni, futhi mude ngendlela emide, enesikhumba esiwugqinsi, esimahhadlahhadla esingenamazenga asobala.
Ihlala emanzini afudumele napholile emhlabeni wonke, ihamba eduze nangaphezulu nasekujuleni okukhulu ifuna ukudla, ikakhulukazi. gelatinous zooplankton njenge-jellyfish. Abesifazane bangakhiqiza amaqanda angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-300 ngesizini eyodwa, irekhodi eliphelele phakathi kwezilwane ezinomgogodla.
Iyinhlanzi ezolile, engenangozi, futhi iyamangaza ngenxa yesimo sayo esiyinqaba, okuyenza ibe yisakhiwo sodumo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwasemanzini kanye nenselelo yangempela yezifundo zesayensi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kanye nesayensi yokuzala.
I-Blobfish (Psychrolutes marcidus): i-gelatinous ghost yasolwandle
El lahla inhlanzi (Ama-Psychrolute marcidus), obeye aziwe njengo i-blobfish, uthole isicoco esingekho emthethweni "sesilwane esibi kakhulu emhlabeni" ngenxa yokubukeka kwaso okune-cartilaginous, gelatinous, kanye nokonakala ngokudabukisayo lapho sisuswa endaweni yaso yemvelo. Nokho, lokhu kubukeka kuwumphumela wokusinda kwayo ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-600 kuya kwangu-2.800, lapho ukucindezela kudlulele khona.
Ukuntula isinye sokubhukuda, yabo umzimba uminyene kancane kunamanzi, eyivumela ukuba intande kalula nje ngaphezu kolwandle. Ingafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30 futhi idla ngokuyinhloko ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla ezimisiwe. Ukubukeka kwayo konakala kakhulu lapho ilahlekelwa ukucindezelwa ekujuleni, igcizelela ukubukeka kwayo okuxakile emanzini.
I-Stonefish (Synanceia horrida): ubuso obubulalayo bokufihla ubuthi
El inhlanzi zamatshe yaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi izinhlanzi ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeniIhlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwesihlabathi nezixhobo zamatshe e-Indian Ocean nasentshonalanga yePacific, lapho umzimba wayo omahhadlahhadla, onamaqhuqhuva uwenza uhluke ngokuphelele etsheni langempela.
Yisilwane esizingelayo sasebusuku esidlayo de peces kanye nama-crustaceans. Yabo imigogodla yomgogodla iqukethe ubuthi obunamandla ekwazi ukuba yingozi kubantu nakwezinye izilwane. Ibhulashi lengozi elilula lingabangela imiphumela emibi, ngakho abatshuzi kufanele baqaphe ngokwedlulele ezindaweni lapho le nhlanzi ikhona. I-stonefish imelela isiqongo senhlanganisela yokufihla okuphelele nokuzivikela okunobuthi.
I-Sloane's viperfish (Chauliodus sloani): umzingeli onamazinyo angalingani
I-Los i-viper fish Oshaka baseSloane bayizilwane ezizidlayo eziwuphawu lwezindawo ezihlala kwalasha, lapho zibusa ekujuleni okuphakathi kwamamitha angu-500 no-3.000. Nakuba ngokuvamile zikala ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-30, i-anatomy yazo iyesabeka: imihlathi emikhulu egcwele amazinyo amade kakhulu, side, umzimba oyisiliva onemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nezitho ze-bioluminescent ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-photophores.
I-photophore eyinhloko ekugcineni kwesandiso se-dorsal isebenza njengethoshi ukuze ihehe inyamazane ebumnyameni, kuyilapho amanye ama-photophore emaceleni eqinisa ukuba khona kwawo ebusuku. Ingaphila amashumi ambalwa eminyaka futhi imelane nezingcindezi ezingaba yingozi kubantu abaningi abaphilayo. Ukudla kwayo kuhlanganisa izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans, eziqamekela ngokusebenzisa ukufihla kwayo okumangalisayo nesivinini.
I-dragonfish emnyama nodrako wasolwandle onamaqabunga: izipoki namaqabunga aphilayo olwandle
- Izinhlanzi zikadrako omnyama (I-Idiacanthus antrostomus): Ihlala ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha ayi-2.000. Umzimba wayo mncane, awunasikali, unombala omnyama, futhi unamehlo amakhulu ajwayele ithunzi. Zinezitho ze-bioluminescent, futhi amazinyo azo, amade kangangokuthi avimbela umlomo ukuba uvale ngokuphelele, ayisici. Ezinye izinhlobo zingafinyelela ku-40 amasentimitha.
- Udrako wasolwandle onamaqabunga (I-Phycodurus eques): Idabuka eNingizimu ye-Australia, inezandiso zesikhumba ezilingisa amaqabunga. Lokhu kufihla okuphelele kuyayivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, kuyenza ihluke ngokuphelele phakathi kwezimila zasolwandle. Zingakhula zibe amasentimitha angu-50 ubude futhi zinyakaze kahle zisebenzisa amaphiko amancane asobala.
Zombili zimelela izibonelo ezihlakaniphile zokujwayela ukuphila nokukhohlisa okubonakalayo olwandle.
I-Black gobbler (Chiasmodon niger): isidlakela esikhulukazi
El ugogo omnyama Idume ngekhono layo eliyingqayizivele lokugwinya inyamazane enkulu kakhulu kunomzimba wayo, ngenxa yayo isisu esinwebekayo nesikhumba esincanyana, esisobala. Ihlala phakathi kwamamitha angu-700 no-2.750 ekujuleni kolwandle olukhulu lwale planethi.
Lesi silwane esizingelayo eside, esingenasikali singakhula sibe amasentimitha angaba ngu-25. Amandla ayo anwebekayo ayivumela ukuba igaye izingcezu ezinkulu ngosayizi wayo. Ngemuva kokungenisa, okuqukethwe kwesisu kubonakala ngaphandle, okwenza kube nokubukeka okungajwayelekile.
I-hatchetfish enkulu (i-Argyropelecus gigas): ithuluzi lokusika ekujuleni
El i-hatchetfish enkulu Akungabazeki ngenxa yokuqina komzimba wayo omise okwezembe. Nakuba ingavamile ukufika kumasentimitha angu-11, ukubukeka kwayo okwesiliva, amehlo aluhlaza abheke phezulu, nezimpiko ezikhanyayo kuyinikeza i-spectral aura.
Itholakala olwandle i-Atlantic, Pacific, kanye ne-Indian Ocean, phakathi kwamamitha angu-200 no-1.000 ukushona. Umbala wayo omnyama, ocwebezelayo uyivumela ukuthi ihlangane nendawo eyizungezile, ilandele inyamazane yayo ingabonwa. Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okwesabisayo, iyinhlanzi enokuthula futhi ayinabungozi ngokuphelele kubantu.
Inhlanzi ye-tripod yolwandle olujulile (i-Bathypterois grallator): ibhalansi nokubekezela okukhulu
Ihlala ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle lapho ukukhanya kungafinyeleli khona. i-deep-sea tripod fish Ibonakala ngezimpiko zayo ezinde kakhulu ze-pelvic kanye ne-caudal, ezisebenzisa njenge-"tripod" ukuma iqonde phansi olwandle, ilinde inganyakazi ukuqamekela inyamazane yayoInomhlathi ongezansi ogqame kakhulu, onamazinyo abukhali, futhi inesu lokuzingela elisekelwe ekubekezeleni nasekuzifihleni.
Impumputhe ye-gelatinous abyssal fish (Aphyonus gelatinosus): i-spectrum ekhanyayo yakwalasha
Ngomzimba oguquguqukayo, we-gelatinous, le nhlanzi ihlala ekujuleni okukhulu futhi cishe ayinawo amehlo asebenzayo, ngenxa yobumnyama obuphelele bendawo yayo. Ihamba ngokunyakaza okuhle futhi ethereal, idla izinto eziphilayo ezincane kanye nezinhlayiya ezimisiwe. izinhlanzi zakwalasha eziyizimpumputhe Kuyisibonelo esicacile se ukuzivumelanisa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokwedlulele endaweni yakwalasha.
I-Goblinfish (Macropinna microstoma): umbono osobala wolwandle
El inhlanzi yemvu, obeye aziwe njengo izinhlanzi ezinekhanda elisobala, ingesinye sezidalwa zasolwandle ezihlaba umxhwele nezingaqondakali. Ihlala emanzini ajulile oLwandlekazi iPacific, i-Atlantic, kanye ne-Indian, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamamitha angama-600 kuya kwangu-800 ukushona.
Isici sayo esiyinhloko, ngokuqondile, ugebhezi lwayo olusobala, ngaphakathi lapho ungabona khona ipheya. amehlo e-tubular Amehlo aluhlaza akwazi ukuzungeza ezinhlangothini ezihlukene, okuvumela ukubona okuseceleni okungakaze kubonwe phakathi kwezinhlanzi. Lawa mehlo aphinde athwebule ukukhanya futhi athuthukise ukubona ukujula ukuze azingele kahle ama-crustaceans amancane namaplankton.
Izibani zasolwandle (Petromyzon marinus): izinsalela eziphilayo
La isibani sasolwandle Ingenye yezidalwa zakudala ezisatholakala emifuleni yethu nasezindaweni ezisogwini. Ngomzimba omude, ongenamihlathi nomlomo oyindilinga ogcwele amazinyo amancane, i-lamprey inamathela kwezinye izinhlanzi ukuze idle igazi lazo nezicubu zomzimba. Kubhekwa njenge izinsalela eziphilayo futhi, nakuba ifana nama-eels, ingeyeqembu elihluke ngokuphelele futhi lokuziphendukela kwemvelo kokhokho.
Izinhlanzi ezinezandla (Brachionichthyidae): ukuhamba ngaphansi kolwandle
Kunezinhlobo eziningana de peces waziwa ngo izinhlanzi ngezandla, ikakhulukazi abomndeni wakwaBrachionichthyidae, esatshalaliswa ogwini lwase-Australia naseTasmania. Lezi zinhlobo ziye zavela amaphiko e-pectoral athuthuke kakhulu ezizisebenzisayo ukuhamba noma ukuziqhubela olwandle esikhundleni sokubhukuda. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalezi zinhlanzi ezinelukuluku, ungavakashela isihloko sethu ku izinhlanzi ezifuna ukwazi futhi ezimangazayo.
Phakathi kwalokhu, okuphawuleka kakhulu izinhlanzi ezipinki ngezandla (I-Brachiopsilus dianthus), itholakala eTasmania, ephakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-10 no-15, iyivelakancane kakhulu. Ukuhamba kwayo okuxakile kuyenza ibe isisulu esilula, nakuba kusolwa ukuthi ikhipha ubuthi obuvikelayo. Ukuhlala phakathi kwamadwala neziphansi eziyisihlabathi kuthanda ukuphila kwayo, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu izibonelo ezaziwayo, eziphakamisa isimo sayo njengenye yezinhlanzi eziyivelakancane emhlabeni.
