I-Catfish: Umhlahlandlela ophelele onezici, ukondla, ukunakekelwa, nezinhlobo ze-aquarium

El inhlanzi eyikati Ingenye yezakhamuzi eziheha kakhulu, ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo, neziguquguqukayo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3.000 ezihlonziwe eziphathelene ne-oda Ama-Siluriformes, ethula ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo komumo, usayizi, ukuziphatha, nendawo yokuhlala. Njengoba yaziswa kakhulu yibo bobabili abasaqalayo nabathuthukile basemanzini, i-catfish ayiveleli nje ngokubukeka kwayo nokuziphatha okuthakazelisayo, kodwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile yezemvelo ekugcineni ibhalansi nokuhlanzeka kwemvelo, kungaba kusendle noma emanzini asekhaya. Ngezansi, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izici zabo, ukusatshalaliswa, ukunakekelwa, ukuphakela, ukuzala, nokunye okuningi, ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele yonke into eyenza leli qembu libe ngeliphelele neliwusizo kakhulu emhlabeni wasemanzini.

Isingeniso kanye nolwazi olujwayelekile mayelana ne-catfish

El inhlanzi eyikati Iqanjwe igama layo ngenxa yesici ama-barbel noma amathente emisebe azungeze umlomo walo, okukhumbuza amadevu ekati, asebenza njengezitho zezinzwa ukuze abone ukudla ezimeni ezingabonakali kahle. Nokho, lesi akusona isici sayo esiphawulekayo kuphela. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezinama-suckers omlomo (umndeni wakwa-Loricaridae), okwazi ukunamathela ezindongeni nasezinsini, ezisiza ukuhlanza ulwelwe kanye nemfucumfucu eqoqwe ku-aquarium.

Ukuzijwayeza nokuqina kwe-catfish kuyamangalisa. Atholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica, futhi ahlala kuyo yonke into kusukela emifudlaneni emincane kuya emifuleni emikhulu, amachibi, amadamu, izizalo zemifula kanye nezindawo zasolwandle ezisogwini. Esinye sezizathu zokuthandwa kwazo ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini yikhono lazo lokuzihlanganisa kalula ezindaweni ezihlukene futhi zihlalisane nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, zenza imisebenzi yokuhlanza ngokudla izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo, ulwelwe, nezinsalela zokudla. Nakuba befaka isandla ekunakekeleni i-aquarium, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukugcina i-catfish ayikhululi ukwenza imisebenzi yokuhlanza nokuhlunga amanzi njalo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Umhlahlandlela ophelele we-Catfish: Ukunakekelwa kanye nezici ezibalulekile

Emvelweni, i-catfish igcina ibhalansi ye-ecosystem ngokusebenza njengezilwane ezidla ezinye, ama-scavengers, ngisho nezilawuli zezinambuzane ze-algae nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Ema-aquariums, ngaphezu kokuba kulula ukuwanakekela, ukuhlukahluka kwawo okukhulu kwe-chromatic kanye ne-morphological kuwenza abe elinye lamaqembu okuhlobisa akhangayo futhi aziswa kakhulu.

Izici ezingokomzimba nezebhayoloji ze-catfish

Izici ze-catfish ziyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo, kodwa zabelana ngezici ezivamile ezizihlukanisa kalula:

• Umzimba omude noyisilinda, onesikhumba esiwugqinsi futhi ongenazo izikaliAbaningi banolwelwesi lwamafinyila olubavikela ekuthelelekeni. Ezinye izinhlobo zenze amapuleti esikhumba noma izikhali njengesivikelo.
• IzinzwaNgokuvamile banamapheya amane ama-barbel emlonyeni wabo, abawasebenzisela ukuhlola futhi baphakele emanzini amnyama noma akhanya kalufifi.
• Imigogodla ehoxiswayo kumaphiko omhlane kanye ne-pectoral. Le migogodla ingase ivikele; kwezinye izigaba, zihlanganisa nezindlala ezinobuthi ezikwazi ukubangela ubuhlungu noma ukutheleleka.
• Ukuhlukahluka okukhulu ngosayizi: kusukela ezinhlotsheni ezincane eziwu-2 cm nje (i-Corydoras encane) kuya emidondoshiya efana ne-Silurus glanis, engadlula amamitha angu-2 futhi ibe nesisindo esingu-100 kg.
• Ukuhlukahluka kweChromaticImibala ye-Catfish namaphethini isukela kokumpunga okumnyama ukuya kokuphuzi ngokukhanyayo, futhi ingafaka imithende, amabala, noma ukukhanya (njenge-glass catfish).
• Ukuphefumula okuguquguqukayoEzinye izinhlobo zingakwazi ukumunca umoya-mpilo osemkhathini lapho amazinga komoyampilo ephansi emanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sabo sokuphila ngokuvamile siyahlukahluka phakathi Iminyaka ye-7 ne-15, kuye ngezinhlobo nezimo zokunakekelwa. Ukuvela kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuye kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kancane kancane kwezinye izivikelo, njenge-spines, nakuba kunezinhlobonhlobo lapho lezi zihlala zisebenza futhi ziyingozi njengesistimu yokuvikela yemvelo.

Imvelaphi, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nezindawo zokuhlala

Itholakala eNingizimu neNyakatho Melika, i-catfish ikwazile ukusabalala kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu. Zitholakala ngokwemvelo ku:

• Izigodi ezinkulu zemifula yaseNingizimu Melika njenge-Amazon, Orinoco kanye neParaná.
• Imifula namachibi aseNyakatho Melika kanye nezindawo ezipholile zase-Europe, kwezinye izimo njengezinhlobo ezethulwe (isb. I-Silurus Glanis emifuleni yase-Spain nase-Italy).
• Amachibi, amadamu, izizalo zemifula ngisho nezixhobo zasolwandle sibonga ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wakwa-Ariidae nowakwaPlotosidae.

Ezindaweni zemvelo, i-catfish ikhetha amanzi afudumele, ane-acidic kancane acebile izitshalo neziphephelo zemvelo (amadwala, izimpande, amagatsha angaphansi kwamanzi). Ziyachuma emanzini ahamba kancane noma ahamba ngokushesha futhi amelana nezimo ezimbi ezifana ne-oxygenation ephansi noma ukungcola.

Esinye sezici ezithande ukwanda kwawo emhlabeni wonke amandla ayo okumelana nezimfanelo ezihlukene zamanzi namazinga okushisa, futhi ingatholakala nasezindaweni zokwenziwa ezenziwe ngabantu.

Ukuziphatha nokondla

Ukuziphatha kwe-catfish kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nemvelo yabo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezithile:

• Iningi Basebusuku, ukunikela amahora obumnyama obukhulu ekufuneni ukudla nokuhlala kufihlwe phansi noma phakathi kwezindawo zokukhosela.
• Ezinye izinhlobo ziyi-diurnal, ikakhulukazi ama-corydoras nama-loricarids, avame ukwakha amaqembu amancane omphakathi.
• Ukuziphatha kwabo ngokuvamile kunokuthula, nakuba kunezinhlobo ezifana nalezo zohlobo lwe-Trichomycteridae ezingaba i-parasite noma ubonise ukuziphatha kwendawo.

Mayelana ne ukondla, bethula ukuguquguquka okukhulu:

• ama-omnivores: Iningi lizokwamukela ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwe-flake noma ukudla kwe-pellet, izinsalela zetafula, imifino, namaprotheni ezilwane.
• Izilwane ezidla inyama: ukudla de peces, ama-crustaceans, izikelemu, ama-molluscs noma izibungu zasemanzini.
• Izitshalo ezidliwayoEzinye izinhlobo zidla ngokuyinhloko ulwelwe nezitshalo. I-Plecostomus, isibonelo, idla ulwelwe olushisekayo.

E-aquarium, i-catfish inhle kakhulu abahlanzi, njengoba zisebenzisa izinsalela zokudla, zivimbela ukunqwabelana kwezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo futhi zigcine ulwelwe lulawulwa. Njengethiphu elisebenzayo, ukudla kwabo kufanele kushintshwe ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane: kukhona ukudla okukhethekile okuthengiswayo okungamaphilisi noma izinti zokucwila, ngaphezu kwenketho yokwengeza nge. amaprotheni aphilayo noma afriziwe njenge-brine shrimp, izibungu zomiyane noma izibungu, kanye nemifino emisha (ikhukhamba, i-zucchini, isipinashi).

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Catfish ku-aquarium

• Usayizi we-Aquarium: Ukuze uthole ikhwalithi eyanele yokuphila, i-catfish kufanele igcinwe ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ngokulingana nosayizi wayo, okungenani okunconyiwe Ama-100 amalitha ngezinhlobo ezincane. Izinhlobo ezinkulu, njenge-plecostomus noma i-European catfish, zidinga ama-aquariums amakhulu (ngaphezu kwamalitha angama-300).
• Ukuhlunga kanye ne-oxygenation: Kubalulekile ukugcina a ukuhlunga okunamandla kanye nomoya-mpilo omuhle wamanzi, njengoba i-catfish izwela ekuqongeleleni udoti futhi idinga amanzi ahlanzekile ukuze igweme ukugula.
• Imingcele yamanzi: Nakuba zisekela ukuhlukahluka okuthile, okuhle ukugcina izinga lokushisa phakathi 22 futhi 28°C, i-pH ephakathi I-6,5 ne-7,5 nobulukhuni obuphansi kuya kobumaphakathi. Ukushintsha kwamanzi njalo kuyimpoqo ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwe-nitrate.
• Imihlobiso nezindawo zokukhosela: Ukufaka izingodo, imigede, amadwala nezimpande lapho abangacasha khona kubalulekile, kanye nezindawo ezinomthunzi ezinezitshalo zemvelo.
• Ingemuva le-Aquarium: Kufanele ibe nesakhiwo esihle noma amatshe athambile angeke alimaze ama-barbel noma isikhumba lapho efuna ukudla.
• Ukuphilisana: Nakuba iningi linokuthula, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuminyana futhi ungahlanganisi izindawo ezinobukhulu obungalingani ukuze uqinisekise ukuzwana ku-aquarium.

Isici esibalulekile ukudla ngendlela efanele ngokwezidingo ezithile zohlobo ngalunye. Ungathola ukudla okuthengiswayo okwenzelwe i-catfish ezitolo ezikhethekile, futhi kuwumkhuba omuhle ukushintsha ukudla okunezithako zemvelo, njalo ugwema ukweqisa ukuze uvimbele ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi.

Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo

La ukuzala ye-catfish isezinhlotsheni eziningi zohlobo i-oviparousUkuzala ngokuvamile kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ikakhulukazi endle, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka. Phakathi nenqubo yokuzala:

• Eyeduna ikhetha futhi ihlanze umhume noma indawo yokukhosela yemvelo ukuze izalele amaqanda.
• Eyensikazi izalela amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamaqanda, okuthi iduna liwavundise bese liwavikela.
• I-Los Abazali banakekela amaqanda ngenkuthalo nezincane zize zikwazi ukuzondla.
• Izinhlobo eziqaphela kakhulu zize zifake umoya-mpilo emaqandani ngokuwaphephula ngamaphiko azo, okwandisa izinga lokusinda.

Ezindaweni zasemanzini, ukuzalanisa kungaba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima bokuphindaphinda izimo zemvelo zemvelo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamapharamitha adingwa uhlobo ngalunye. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ikhwalithi yamanzi, nokuhlobisa kungashukumisa ukuzala kwezinye izinhlobo zasekhaya.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko de peces cat for aquarium kanye namanani

• I-CorydorasZincane, ziyasebenza, futhi ziqinile, zilungele abasaqalayo. Bahlala ngamaqembu futhi basiza ukuhlanza phansi kwe-aquarium.
• I-Plecostomus (plecos): Zidume ngosayizi nekhono lazo lokubulala ulwelwe, zidinga izindawo ezihlala emanzini amakhulu futhi zihamba ebusuku.
• I-crystal catfishIyakhanya futhi iyashaya, igqama ngesakhiwo sayo esivelele samathambo. Incamela ama-aquarium atshalwe kahle.
• I-Pictus catfish: Izinhlobo ezisebenzayo ezinephethini enamabala ehlukile emzimbeni wazo; idinga izindawo zokucasha kanye nokunyakaza kwamanzi okusesilinganisweni.
• Umndeni wePangasiidae: Baziwa ngokuthi "oshaka bamanzi ahlanzekile" ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo, banconywa kuphela ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini amakhulu kakhulu.
• Pseudopimelodidae (bee catfish): Zigqama ngemigqa yazo ehlotshiswe kakhulu ewolintshi nemnyama.
• Izingoma ze-Ameiurus (i-catfish emnyama noma i-pike): Iqinile futhi imelana, ibekezelela amanzi amancane anomoya-mpilo kanye nezimo eziguquguqukayo.

I-Los amanani ye-catfish ifinyeleleka kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezincane neziphakathi nendawo, kusukela 5 kanye ne-15 euro ikhophi ngayinye, nakuba izibonelo ezinkulu noma izinhlobo ezingavamile zingase zibe nezindleko eziphakeme.

Amathiphu engeziwe namaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-catfish

• Gwema ukugcwala ngokweqile kwabantu ku-aquarium ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi.
• Hlala unikeza izindawo eziningi zokucasha njengemigede, izingodo nezindawo ezinomthunzi.
• Qaphela ukuziphatha ye-catfish yakho ukuthola izimpawu zokugula, ingcindezi noma ukungahambisani nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
• Shintsha amanzi njalo, ukugcina imingcele ngaphansi kokulawula ukugwema izifo zebhaktheriya noma izimuncagazi.
• Ungahlanganisi izinhlobo ezifanayo kakhulu ukuthi bangaqhudelana ngesikhala noma ukudla okufanayo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye i-catfish zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo njengamazinyo akhethekile, ikhono lokukhiqiza ukushaqeka kagesi okuncane, kanye nemibala namaphethini afihlekile ngokusekelwe endaweni ezikuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama yabo yaziswa njengokudla emasikweni amaningi futhi ibilokhu iyisihloko sezifundo zesayensi ukuze kuqondwe ukujwayela nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile.

Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nokubukeka kwayo okuyingqayizivele, i-catfish isiphenduke inkanyezi engenakuphikiswa yezilwane zasolwandle kanye nesici esibalulekile ekulinganiseni kwemvelo yasemanzini. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lezi zinhlanzi ezimangalisayo zingahlala ndawonye ngenjabulo ku-aquarium yakho iminyaka eminingi, ziletha ubuhle, usizo, kanye nelukuluku emhlabeni othakazelisayo ongaphansi kwamanzi.