El inhlanzi enkulu, eyaziwa ngokubukeka kwayo okungavamile nokuthusayo, ingenye yezakhamuzi ezithakazelisa kakhulu nezijwayele ukujwayela emanzini ajulile olwandle. Ngaphansi kwaleli gama elivamile kuhlanganiswe amalungu e-oda AmaLophiiformes, izinhlanzi ezinamathambo ezinezici ezihlukile ze-morphological kanye nokuziphatha ezizenza zibe ezinye zezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinhle kakhulu olwandle. Yabo ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kanye “ne-antenna” yayo ekhanyayo ehlukile yenza lesi silwane sibe esinye sezinhlanzi eziqashelwa futhi ezifundwe kakhulu kwisayensi yasolwandle futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, enye yezinhlanzi ezifiseleka kakhulu ku-gastronomy yamazwe ngamazwe.
Iyini ngempela i-anglerfish?
Igama elithi "anglerfish" lisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza izinhlobo ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwe-oda i-Lophiiformes. Zibuye zidume ngokuthi izinhlanzi zokudoba ngenxa yokwandiswa komgogodla we-dorsal ophrojusa phezu komlomo futhi uphele ku-appendage eyinyama esetshenziswa njengendlela yokuheha inyamazane. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi i-anglerfish ibizwa ngokuthi "i-anglerfish" ngesiNgisi.
Ngaphakathi kohlobo Lophius Izinhlobo ezifana ne- i-monkfish evamile noma emhlophe (Lophius piscatorius), ekhona ogwini lwaseYurophu, oLwandle iMedithera nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic, i-black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa), i-American anglerfish (I-Lophius americanus) nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Sekukonke, kukhona nxazonke Izinhlobo ezingama-300 ze-anglerfish, nakuba evame kakhulu ogwini lwaseYurophu i-white anglerfish.
Izici eziyinhloko zomzimba
I-anglerfish ineqoqo lezinto ezibonakalayo ezijwayele ukuphila olwandle olujulile:
- Umzimba oyisicaba futhi ongenasikaliUmzimba wayo ubanzi, uyisicaba, futhi uyancibilika emsileni. Isikhumba sayo asinasikali, siwugqinsi, futhi simahhadlahhadla, sijwayele ukumelana nokucindezela kokujula okukhulu.
- Ikhanda elikhulu kanye nomlomo we-cavernous: Cishe ingxenye yomzimba wayo yakhiwe ikhanda layo, elinomlomo omkhulu kakhulu, omise okwenyanga, ofakwe imigqa ekabili yamazinyo acijile, agobe phakathi, okuvimbela inyamazane ukuba ingaphunyuki.
- Amazinyo akhanyayo nabukhali: : Amazinyo awekho emihlathini kuphela, kodwa nasezindebeni nasezindebeni ze-vomer (izicubu zolwanga), okuvumela ukuba ivikele ngokuqinile noma iyiphi inyamazane.
- Ama-spines ashintshiwe: Umsebe wokuqala we-dorsal fin uguqulelwe waba i-appendage esebenza njengesiyenga (esibizwa ngokuthi i-illicio), egcina ngengxenye eyinyama, ekhanyayo kwabesifazane.
- Amaphiko amakhulu, ahambayo e-pectoral: Zizivumela ukuthi zikhase kalula olwandle futhi zizingcwabe kancane ukuze zizingele ngokucupha.
- Umbala oguquguqukayo: Umbala wayo uvamise ukuba nsundu, umpunga ngokumnyama, noma ube mnyama imbala, uvumelana namathoni angemuva ukuze uzifihle. Ingxenye ye-ventral imhlophe.
- Amathambo aguquguqukayo: Uhlaka lwalo lwamathambo oluncane, oluguquguqukayo luyivumela ukuba ivule umlomo wayo ngendlela emangalisayo ukuze igwinye inyamazane enkulu.
- Usayizi nesisindoI-Anglerfish ingakala ukusuka ku-20 cm kuya ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 ezimweni ezingavamile, nakuba isilinganiso esivamile sizungeze imitha elingu-1 futhi sifinyelela ku-40-45 kg ngesisindo, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane.
Ezinye izinhlobo zikhona imigogodla noma izandiso ekhanda nangemuva, esebenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela noma usizo ekuzingeleni. Amaphiko omhlane kanye nangemuva anemisebe ethambile, enama-spiny, enza kube lula ukunyakaza okuqondile phansi olwandle.
I-appendage ekhanyayo: inkohliso engenakuqhathaniswa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Esinye sezici ezihluke kakhulu ze-anglerfish yi- i-appendage ekhanyayo I-appendage ephumela ekhanda, etholakala ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, iqukethe amagciwane e-symbiotic akhiqiza ukukhanya kwe-bioluminescent. I-anglerfish inyakazisa lesi sithako njengenduku yokudoba, idonsa ezinye izidalwa ezihlala phansi ezikhangwa ukukhanya ebumnyameni obuphelele bendawo ehlala kwalasha.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo
I-Monkfish a izinhlanzi ze-benthic, okusho ukuthi ihlala endaweni eseduze nendawo engaphansi kolwandle, ikakhulukazi ehlala:
- Izingezansi ezinodaka nezinodaka eduze nogu, kodwa futhi ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinamatshe nasezindaweni ezijulile ezikude nogu.
- Ibanga lokujula: Kusukela emanzini angashoni kakhulu angasogwini kuya ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-1.600 kwalasha wolwandle, nakuba izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zitholakala phakathi kwamamitha ayi-100 no-1.000 ukushona.
- Ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke: Indawo yayo yokusabalalisa ihlanganisa izinhlangothi zombili zeNyakatho ye-Atlantic (ugu lwaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika), uLwandle iMedithera, uLwandle Olumnyama, i-South Atlantic, i-Antarctica ngisho nezinye izindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo.
I-anglerfish evamile, isibonelo, ivamile enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic naseMedithera, futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezibanjwe kakhulu ekudobeni kwezentengiselwano kulezi zilwandle.
Ukuzijwayeza ezindaweni zokuhlala ngokwedlulele
Ukuphila phansi kolwandle kumelele inselele yebhayoloji eyedlulele: Ubumnyama obuhlala njalo, umfutho ophakeme, amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nokushoda kwezisuluLezi zimo ziqhubekisele phambili ukuvela kokuzijwayeza okumangalisayo, okufana ne-bioluminescence, ukufihla, kanye nokudlondlobala kwe-anglerfish.
Ukuziphatha kokuzingela namasu
Ukuziphatha kwe-anglerfish kusabela esimweni sayo njengomzingeli ozimele kanye nomqaphi:
- Ukuzingela i-DecoyI-Anglerfish ihlala ingcwatshwe kancane noma ifihleke phansi, inyakazisa i-appendage yabo njengesibungu noma inhlanzi encane. Inyamazane, ekhangwa ukunyakaza noma ukukhanya, isondela kakhulu, futhi ngaleso sikhathi i-anglerfish ivele ivule umlomo wayo ukuze izigwinye ziphelele.
- Umlomo onwebekayo namathambo aguquguqukayo: Lo mshini uyivumela ukuthi igwinye inyamazane enkulu njengayo noma enkulu nakakhulu, okuhlanganisa izinhlanzi, ama-cephalopod, ama-crustaceans, ngisho nezinyoni zasolwandle ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Isizungu kanye nendawoI-Anglerfish iyizilwane ezihlala zodwa, azivamile ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlobo zazo ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa.
- I-symbiogenesis yebhaktheriya: Ubuhlobo obuseduze namabhaktheriya e-bioluminescent buyingqayizivele, bunikeza inzuzo enamandla ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungafinyeleli khona.
Lobu buchwepheshe obumangalisayo benza i-monkfish ibe enye ye izilwane ezidla ezinye eziphumelela kakhulu olwandle, indlela yayo yokuzingela ibilokhu ithakaselwa futhi icwaningwa yizazi zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nabathandi bemvelo.
Ukudla: Ukudla okunomsoco futhi okuhlukahlukene
I-Monkfish a umhlaseli ongosomathuba ngokudla okuhlukahlukene kakhulu:
- Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko: Iyaphakela de peces amancane naphakathi nendawo (i-hake, i-pout, i-mackerel, ama-sardine, phakathi kokunye), ama-cephalopod (ikakhulukazi i-octopus ne-squid), ama-crustaceans (izinkalankala, ama-prawn) futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-echinoderm nezinyoni zasolwandle.
- Igwinya inyamazane enkulu: Ngenxa yomlomo wayo onwebekayo nomzimba ovumelana nezimo, ingagwinya izilwane ezinosayizi ofanayo noma omkhulu kunayo.
- Indlela yokuzingela: Ilinda ngesineke futhi ifihlekile, isebenzisa i-appendage yayo njengesiyengo futhi, lapho inyamazane isisondele ngokwanele, iyimunca ngamandla kungazelelwe.
- ukugaya kancane: Ingahlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphakela ngemva kokubamba okukhulu.
Zonke lezi zindlela zokwenza i-monkfish ibe ngokoqobo umhlaseli ophezulu endaweni ehlala kwalasha, lapho ukuncintisana nokushoda kokudla kubaphoqa ukuthi basebenzise amasu okusinda ngokwedlulele.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha: I-parasitism yocansi emangalisayo ye-anglerfish
Umjikelezo wokuzala we-anglerfish ungomunye ongavamile kakhulu embusweni wezilwane:
- Umakiwe umehluko wocansi: Abesifazane okukhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa, futhi bangadlula kakhulu ubukhulu nesisindo somzimba wabo.
- I-parasitism yocansi: Eyeduna, lapho ifinyelela ukuvuthwa ngokobulili (engaba neminyaka engaba ngu-4 ubudala, cishe ngamasentimitha angu-40-50 ubude), ifuna insikazi ngenkuthalo, futhi lapho iyithola, ibambelela kuyo ngokuyiluma. Ngemva kwesikhashana, umzimba wakhe uqala ukuhlangana nesikhumba sowesifazane nesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, elahlekelwa izitho zakhe siqu ngaphandle kwezitho zangasese, uguquke ube indawo yokugcina isidoda ukuze kuvundiswe amaqanda esifazane.
- Ukuhlanganiswa okuninganaKuvamile ukuthi owesifazane oyedwa athwale abesilisa abambalwa (kufika kwayisithupha noma ngaphezulu) ahlanganiswe emzimbeni wakhe.
- UkuzalelaLapho insikazi isilungile, izalela amaqanda ayo esakhiweni se-gelatinous esintantayo, esingafika kumamitha ayi-10 ubude namasentimitha angama-25 ububanzi. Iqanda ngalinye lihlaliswa ekamelweni elihlukile elinezimbobo ezivumela ukuhamba kwamanzi.
- Ukuchanyuselwa: Izibungu ezinemicu efana ne-pelvic fins ziphuma emaqandeni bese zikhula ku-plankton ngaphambi kokuhlala phansi olwandle.
- Amanye amasuAkuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-anglerfish ezibonisa i-parasitism engapheli; ezinye zibonisa ukunamathiselwe kwesikhashana ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwezicubu okuphelele.
Este umjikelezo wokuzala onelukuluku Kuwumphumela wobunzima bokuthola umaqondana emgodini omkhulu wobumnyama.
Ukuqhathanisa: I-Anglerfish vs. I-Toadfish
El inhlanzi yeselesele (ebizwa nangokuthi i-frogfish) yabelana ngokubukeka namasu athile okuzingela ne-anglerfish, kodwa kunomehluko oyinhloko:
- Bobabili bane-appendix ekhanda labo. ukusebenzisa njengesiyenga nokuheha inyamazane.
- Umehluko ekuzingeleni isu: I-toadfish isekela impumelelo yayo ku ukufihla (izifihla ngendawo ezungezile, njengezipontshi noma amakhorali), kuyilapho i-anglerfish isebenzisa bioluminescence ukuheha inyamazane.
- Veneno: I-toadfish inobuthi obuvikelayo, ngokungafani ne-anglerfish, engenawo lo mshini futhi ithembele ekukhohliseni ukukhanya ukuze izingele.
- UkusatshalaliswaI-toadfish ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo e-Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean kanye noLwandle Olubomvu, emanzini angashoni, kuyilapho i-anglerfish ijwayele emanzini ajulile nabandayo.
- Ubudlelwano obuhlukile bebhaktheriya: I-anglerfish kuphela egcina i-symbiosis namabhaktheriya e-luminescent.
Naphezu kobudlelwane babo obukude, i ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela zokuzingela Phakathi kwazo zombili izinhlanzi, ingesinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo olwandle.
Inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nokwazisa kwe-gastronomic
I-Monkfish yaziswa kakhulu ekhishini ngenxa yayo inyama emhlophe, eqinile futhi emnandiLe nyama ihlangene, inikeza ukunambitheka okubucayi, futhi kulula ukuyilungisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kudliwa ingxenye yomsila kuphela, kuyilapho ikhanda lisetshenziselwa imihluzi emihle kakhulu kanye nesobho.
- Inyama yenhlanzi emhlophe: Amafutha aphansi (3-4%), okwenza afanelekele ukudla okune-cholesterol ephansi futhi kulula ukugayeka.
- Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni: Inothile ngamaphrotheni anenani eliphezulu lebhayoloji nama-amino acid abalulekile.
- Amavithamini: Igqama ngeqhaza layo likavithamini B12, i-niacin, amanye amavithamini eqembu B, namaminerali afana ne-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-selenium nensimbi.
- Ama-acid e-Omega-3: Kubalulekile empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
- Ameva ambalwa: Inyama yayo ayinamathambo amancane, ilungele izingane kanye nabantu abadala.
Ithengiswa kakhulukazi isentsha noma iqandisiwe, inomsila ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuqondile kanye nekhanda ukuze kwenziwe amasobho, isitshulu, nemihluzi. Ziningi izindlela zokupheka: i-monkfish eyosiwe, inhlanzi ebhakiwe, inhlanzi inhlanzi esoso eluhlaza, emihluzweni, ezitsheni zelayisi, ama-paella, ngisho nama-meatballs e-monkfish. Emazweni anjengeJapane neKorea, kubhekwa njengento ewujuqu.
Ulwazi lokudla okunomsoco nge-100 grams ye-monkfish:
- Amakhaloriokuqukethwe kwekhalori: 72 kcal
- amaprotheni: 14.5 amagremu
- Amafutha: 0.7 amagremu
- Ama-carbohydrate: Empeleni uziro
- Amavithamini: B12, niacin (B3), amanye amavithamini B
- AmamineraliIqukethe: i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-selenium, i-iron, i-zinc, i-calcium ne-manganese
- Omega-3: EPA kanye ne-DHA
Izinsongo nesimo sokulondolozwa
Naphezu kokuhlala ekujuleni, i-anglerfish okwamanje ubhekene nezinsongo ezimbalwa ezibeka engcupheni ukusinda kwabo:
- ukudoba ngokweqileIsidingo esikhulayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe senyuse ukubanjwa kwayo. Idotshwa kusetshenziswa i-trawling, olayini abade, nama-gillnets, okungalimaza kakhulu indawo yayo yokuhlala kanye nenani labantu bendawo.
- ukucekelwa phansi kwendawoIzindlela zokudoba ezijulile zishintsha indawo engaphansi kolwandle, zithinte ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwemvelo.
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sezuluAmazinga okushisa akhuphukayo, i-acidification yolwandle, nezenzakalo ezifana ne-El Niño kuthinta ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kanye nezindawo ezisinda kuzo, ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukugoqana okukhulu.
- Isimo sokulondolozaEzinye izinhlobo zezilwane zisohlwini Olubomvu Lwezilwane Ezihlosiwe ze-Greenpeace ngenxa yengozi yokudoba okungalawuleki. Kodwa-ke, i-IUCN ngokuvamile ihlukanisa i-anglerfish evamile ngokuthi "ukukhathazeka okuncane," nakuba ukuthambekela kungase kuhluke kuye ngokucindezela kwesifunda.
Uma kubhekwa lesi simo, kubalulekile ukukhetha imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe futhi eqhubekayo lapho udla i-monkfish futhi usekele ukulondolozwa kwendawo yayo yemvelo.
Izincomo zokuthenga nokugcina
- Lapho uthenga i-monkfish entsha, bheka inyama eqinile, emhlophe engenaphunga elinamandla. Isikhumba kufanele sibe manzi futhi sinwebeka.
- Gcina kufakwe esiqandisini esinesikrini semeshi ukuze ugweme ukuthintana ngokuqondile namanzi akhululiwe, futhi umboze ngendwangu emanzi. Okungcono kakhulu ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2.
- I-monkfish eqandisiwe igcina izinga layo uma incibilika kancane esiqandisini ngaphambi kokupheka.
Izindlela zokupheka ezidumile nge-monkfish
- I-monkfish eyosiwe nge-thyme ne-rosemary
- ama-meatballs e-monkfish
- I-Monkfish ku-sauce eluhlaza
- Umhluzi we-Monkfish ngekhanda lakhe
- I-monkfish ebhakiwe
Ukuguquguquka kwe-monkfish ekhishini, ukunambitheka kwayo okuthambile, nokuhlanzeka kwayo kalula kuyenza ibe igugu langempela lokupheka.
I-anglerfish ingenye yezibonelo ezimangalisa kakhulu zokuzijwayeza emhlabeni wezilwane. Ukubukeka kwayo okuhlukile kanye namasu okuzingela ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuzala ayenzi nje kuphela izakhamuzi eziyingqayizivele zasolwandle, kodwa futhi ibe umkhiqizo oyigugu ku-gastronomy yomhlaba wonke. Ukunambitha i-anglerfish kufana nokungena emfihlakalweni yokujula kanye nesinye sezimangaliso ezinkulu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo olwandle.
