Impilo yasemanzini yeplanethi yethu ibanzi njengoba imangalisa. Nakuba sivame ukuhlobanisa izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile nezilwane ezincane, ezinokuthula, iqiniso liwukuthi imifula namachibi amaningi kuyikhaya leziqhwaga zangempela. Lezi zidalwa ezinhle ziye zathakazelisa ososayensi nabathanda ukudoba ngokufanayo ngobukhulu bazo obukhulu kanye nezici zebhayoloji, ezithatha indawo ekhetheke kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinkulu nezimangalisa kakhulu ezilwaneni.
Kulesi sihloko, uzothola Yiziphi izinhlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni?, izici zazo eziyingqayizivele, izindawo ezihlala kuzo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo, nendlela izinto ezenziwa abantu eziye zawathinta ngayo lawa ma-titan emifula emazwenikazi ahlukahlukene. Zilungiselele ukusondela eduze nalezi zilwane ezinkulu zasemanzini futhi uqonde ukubaluleka kokulondoloza ubukhona bazo ku-ecosystem yethu.
I-stingray yamanzi ahlanzekile: i-colossus ye-Mekong
La umsebe omkhulu wamanzi ahlanzekile (Urogymnus polylepis), owaziwa nangokuthi isiswebhu esikhulu, uthole isicoco sokuba izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezake zabhalwa ngemva kokuthunjwa okungokomlando eMfuleni iMekong, eCambodia. Muva nje, isibonelo sowesifazane we Amamitha angu-3,98 ubude namamitha angu-2,2 ububanzi, nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-300, yatholwa futhi yakhululwa ngemva kokucwaninga ngokwesayensi.
Lolu hlobo lutholakala emifuleni emikhulu nasezindaweni zemifula eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Borneo. Ihlala ngaphansi kwesihlabathi nodaka, lapho idla khona kakhulu izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Ubukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele kanye nesici sayo, ukuma okucishe kube yindilinga kukwenze kwaba enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu zezilwane zasemfuleni. Ngokwesiko lendawo, lesi sifanekiso saqanjwa ngokuthi "Boramy," okusho "inyanga egcwele," ngenxa yesimo saso esiyindilinga kanye nesikhathi sokuthunjwa.
I-Beluga sturgeon: umdondoshiya waseYurophu nase-Asia
El i-beluga sturgeon (Sawubona) ibhekwa ochwepheshe abaningi njengenhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke futhi esinda kakhulu emanzini angenasawoti emhlabeni, efinyelela ngaphezu Amamitha angu-4,5 ubude futhi adlule amakhilogremu angu-1100 ngesisindo ezimweni ezibhaliweLolu hlobo luhlala ikakhulukazi ezigodini zeCaspian kanye noLwandle Olumnyama, ludlulela ngasemifuleni efana neVolga, iDanube kanye nemingenela empumalanga yeYurophu nasentshonalanga ye-Asia.
Ama-sturgeons avelele ngenxa yawo endulo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, nezinsalela zezinsalela zakudala zasendulo eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-250. Ukubukeka kwayo akungabazeki, nge umzimba omude, oqinile, ikhala elifushane, umlomo obanzi nezinzwa elisebenzisela ukubona inyamazane engaphansi kodaka noma enamatshe. Umbala wayo uyahlukahluka ukusuka kompunga womthofu emhlane uye esiswini esimhlophe noma esikhilimu, nakuba ingaba mnyama kuye ngeminyaka nendawo yokuhlala.
Enye yezinto eziheha kakhulu i-beluga sturgeon i-caviar, etholwe ku-roe yayo, umkhiqizo odingeka kakhulu ku-gastronomy yamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kucindezela kwezohwebo, kuhlangene nokwakhiwa kwamadamu kanye nokungcoliswa kwemifula, kuye kwaholela lezi zinhlobo isimo sengozi ebucayi ngokohlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinhlanzi, sincoma ukuthi uvakashele isigaba sethu ku izinhlanzi zangaphambi komlando.
Ngaphezu kwe-beluga, kunezinye izinhlobo eziphawulekayo ezifana ne- i-sturgeon emhlophe (I-Acipenser transmontanus), ehlala eNyakatho Melika futhi engafinyelela Amamitha angu-6 ubude futhi afinyelele ku-816 kilogram, enye yezinkulu eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe. I-White sturgeon isiphile amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka, kodwa okwamanje ibhekene nengozi enkulu yokushabalala ngenxa yokulahlekelwa indawo kanye nokudoba ngokweqile.
I-Mekong giant catfish
El I-Mekong giant catfish (I-Pangasianodon gigas) ingelinye lama-titan asemanzini ahlala emifuleni emikhulu yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Le colossus ingafinyelela Amamitha angu-2,7 ubude nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-300Isampula enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni yayinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-293 futhi yabanjwa emanzini aseThailand oMfula iMekong.
Lawa ma-catfish amakhulu anomzimba oqinile, ongenasikali, ompunga osiliva kanye nekhanda elibanzi neliyisicaba. Kunjalo imifino Zidla ikakhulukazi i-phytoplankton, ulwelwe, nemfucumfucu yezitshalo, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezidla inyama kakhulu. Ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ezinjengalezi kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yesimiso sazo sezinto eziphilayo.
I-Piraíba: i-monster yase-Amazon
La I-Piraíba (I-Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) I-catfish enkulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu Melika futhi ingesinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu endaweni yase-Amazon. Umzimba wayo ungafinyelela phezulu Amamitha angu-3,6 ubude nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-200, nakuba isilinganiso esivamile siphansi ngandlela thile.
Kubonakala nge umlomo omkhulu, okwazi ukuvuleka kuze kufike ku-40 amasentimitha, okuyivumela ukuba igwinye inyamazane enkulu, kuhlanganise nezinye izinhlanzi, izinyoka, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ngisho nezinkawu. Ama-akhawunti avela kubadobi bomdabu kanye nezifundo zesayensi ziyavumelana ekuziphatheni kwayo okuyingozi nokungosomathuba.
I-Piraíba ikhipha a umsindo wokugquma lapho usongelwa, eyihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu zase-Amazonian. Iwuhlobo olubalulekile kwezokudoba kwezemidlalo nokuhweba, kodwa ubukhulu bayo namandla akwenza kube inselele nakubantu abanolwazi kakhulu.
I-Arapaima: inkosi yase-Amazonian Rivers
El I-Arapaima (i-arapaima gigas), yazi nangokuthi i-paiche noma i-pirarucu, ivelele ngokubukeka kwayo kwangaphambi komlando kanye nokuba ngomunye we izinhlanzi ezinde kunazo zonke zamanzi ahlanzekile ezikhona, ezifinyelela ukulinganisa ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-3 ubude nesisindo esingafika ku-250 kilogram.
Uhlala phakathi imifula, amachibi kanye nezindawo ezinezikhukhula zomfula i-Amazon, ukuzivumelanisa namanzi angenawo umoya-mpilo ngenxa yekhono lawo loku phefumula umoya womkhathi ngokusebenzisa esinyeni sokubhukuda esithuthuke kakhulu esisebenza "njengephaphu" lakudala. Lokhu kujwayela kuyivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezinomoya-mpilo omncane, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi eyomile, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zihluleka ukuphila.
La ukubonakala kwe-arapaima Akungabazeki: umzimba wayo omude, amazenga amakhulu ane-iridescence esagolide namachashaza abomvu, kanye ne-caudal ne-dorsal fin ebomvu. Umlomo wayo omkhulu ubheke phezulu, futhi ulimi lwayo olungamathambo ngokuvamile luye lwasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zase-Amazon, kanye nokwenza amathuluzi nemisebenzi yezandla.
I-catfish enkulu: inyamazane edla imifula yaseYurophu
El I-catfish yaseYurophu (I-Silurus glanis), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-wels catfish, yiyona inhlanzi enkulu yamanzi ahlanzekile eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ingafinyelela ku- Amamitha ama-3 nesisindo esingafika ku-127 kilogram, ivame emifuleni emikhulu njengePo, iDanube kanye ne-Ebro.
Umzimba wayo omude, ukungabi bikho kwezikali nomlomo obanzi ohlotshiswe ngezinzwa zenzwa kwenza le nhlanzi ibe umzingeli onekhono, okhethekile ekubambeni. de peces, izinyoni zasemanzini, ngisho nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ezinye izifanekiso ezibhaliwe bezilokhu zingabanikazi bamarekhodi beqiniso, futhi ukuba khona kwazo kubangela umuzwa njalo lapho kubanjwa eyodwa yalezi ziqhwaga.
I-Mangar nezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-Old World
El ncinza (I-Northern Pike Luciobarbus esocinus) iyinhlanzi eyaziwa kancane ngaphandle kwesifunda saseTigris-Ewufrathe, kodwa ihlukaniswa ngokuthi inhlanzi enkulu yamanzi ahlanzekile e-Türkiye, ukufinyelela amarekhodi afika ku 111 amakhilogremuUkubukeka kwayo kufana ne-barbel enkulu, enemihlathi emikhulu kanye nesimo sengqondo sokudla. Nakuba ingenkulu njenge-sturgeon noma i-catfish enkulu, iyisibonelo sokuhlukahluka okumangalisayo kwemifula yase-Eurasia.
Ezinye iziqhwaga zaseMelika: i-alligator gar
ENyakatho Melika, ngaphezu kwe-sturgeon emhlophe, i- i-alligator gar (I-Atractosteus spatula), eyaziwa ngokuthi i-crocodile fish. Le nhlanzi iyakwazi ukukala ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-3 ubude nesisindo esingafika ku-130 kilogramUkubukeka kwayo okufana nengwenya, nomzimba ofana nenhlanzi kanye nemigqa emibili yamazinyo abukhali, kuyenza ibe isilwane esizingelayo esivelele emifuleni nasemachibini aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States naseMexico.
I-alligator gar idumile hhayi kuphela ngobukhulu bayo, kodwa futhi nekhono layo lokukwenza phefumula umoya futhi uphile ngaphandle kwamanzi amahora amaningi, usebenzisa indawo enamaxhaphozi kanye ne-low-oxygen.
Umthelela womuntu nokongiwa kwemidondoshiya yasemfuleni
Ikusasa lalaba imidondoshiya yamanzi ahlanzekile Ihlobene eduze nokongiwa kwemvelo yasemanzini. Ukudoba ngokweqile, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, kanye nohwebo olungekho emthethweni yizona zinto ezisongela ukuphila kwalezi zilwane. Eziningi zazo, njenge-beluga sturgeon, i-Mekong giant catfish, ne-giant freshwater stingray, zisengozini enkulu futhi zingashabalala uma zingathathwa izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokulondoloza imvelo.
Ukonga lezi zinhlanzi kuhilela ukukhuthaza ukudoba okusimeme, ukubuyisela izindawo zokuhlala emifuleni, ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokuzalanisa kanye nokukhulula izilwane ezizalwa zivalelwe, kanye nokuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kwemvelo namasiko alezi zilwane ezihlaba umxhwele. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokubaluleka kokongiwa kwemvelo, ungafunda isihloko sethu ku ingcebo de peces ezindaweni zasemanzini.
Ubukhona de peces Lezi zilwane ezinkulukazi zasemanzini ahlanzekile ziwubufakazi bomcebo wemvelo wemifula namachibi ethu. Ukwazisa lezi zilwane eziwumdondoshiya, kusukela e-Mekong stingray kuya e-beluga sturgeon kanye ne-arapaima, kusimema ukuba sicabange ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza izindawo ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo zihlale kuzo. Ukuba khona kwazo akubona nje kuphela ubufakazi bokuvela kwezilwane nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kodwa futhi kubalulekile ekugcineni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinsiza ze-ecosystem esithembele kuzo.
