Sekuyisikhathi eside kunenganekwane ephikelelayo ethi lokho izinhlanzi zinenkumbulo embi. Le nganekwane igqugquzelwe isiko elidumile kanye ne-cinema, kodwa izifundo eziningi zesayensi zibonise okuphambene: izinhlanzi zinokuningi okunikezwayo mayelana inkumbulo nobuhlakani kunalokho okuvame ukukholelwa. Uphenyo oluhlukahlukene olwenziwe eminyakeni yamuva lunikezile ubufakazi obuqinile eziqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zilwane zasemanzini zinazo amakhono amangalisayo okuqonda, okukhulu nakakhulu kunalokho abantu abaningi abangakucabanga.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokucophelela ucwaningo lwakamuva kanye nalokho elisitshela kona mayelana nenkumbulo yezinhlanzi, sisuse izinganekwane ezizungezile lesi sihloko, futhi sichaze ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezincane zisebenzisa kanjani inkumbulo ukuze baphile futhi bachume ezindaweni zabo zemvelo.
Inganekwane yamasekhondi angama-30: Ivelaphi?
Inkolelo yokuthi izinhlanzi zinenkumbulo yemizuzwana engu-30 kuphela ingenye yemibono egxile kakhulu esikweni elidumile. Le nganekwane iqhutshekiselwe phambili ngabalingiswa abayisithonjana abafana no-Dory, inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-tang evela ku-movie Ufuna uNemo, ohlushwa "ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yesikhashana." Nokho, iqiniso lihluke kakhulu. Umphakathi wesayensi ubonise ukuthi izinhlanzi azigcini nje ngokukhumbula, kodwa ukuthi zingahlala izinsuku, amasonto ngisho nezinyanga. Pho ivelaphi le nkolelo engamanga?
Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi inganekwane kungenzeka ukuthi yavela njengehlaya noma ngenxa yokukhangisa kwakudala okwasebenzisa kabi lo mbono. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwayo kokusekelwa kwesayensi, iphikelele amashumi eminyaka ngenxa yokwamukelwa kwayo emqondweni othandwayo nokuzijabulisa.
Inkumbulo yezinhlanzi: Ithini isayensi?
Ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene lubonise ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile izikhathi ezinde kakhulu kunemizuzwana engu-30 enikeziwe. Isibonelo, ucwaningo olufana nalolo olwenziwa ososayensi base-Australia abavela ku- I-Charles Sturt University bonisa ukuthi ezinye izinhlanzi zingakhumbula izilwane ezizidlayo kuze kube unyaka ngemva kokuhlangana okubuhlungu. Kolunye ucwaningo, ama-cichlids ase-Afrika, uhlobo oludumile lwe-aquarium, aqeqeshelwa ukuhlobanisa indawo yethangi lawo nomvuzo wokudla. Ngokumangalisayo, ngemva kwekhefu Izinsuku ze-12, inhlanzi yayisakhumbula indawo yomklomelo.
Ngaphezu kokukhumbula izindawo, izinhlanzi nazo ziyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yenkumbulo. Ukuhlola okwenziwa yiNyuvesi yasePlymouth kwabonisa ukuthi inhlanzi ingafunda futhi ikhumbule ukusebenza kwesistimu efana ne Ibhokisi le-Skinner, ebonisa izintandokazi zezindawo ezihlobene nemiklomelo ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside.
Kungani izinhlanzi zidinga inkumbulo enhle?
Emvelweni, inkumbulo enhle ingasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Ezinhlanzini ezihlala ezindaweni zasendle, ukukhumbula ukuthi ukudla kutholakala kuphi nokuthi ungazigwema kanjani izilwane ezizingelayo kubalulekile. Labo abakwaziyo ukuhlobanisa izindawo ezithile nenala yokudla noma ukuqaphela izindawo eziyingozi bane a inzuzo ebalulekile yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kulabo abangakwazi ukukwenza.
Isibonelo esicacile salokhu ukuziphatha kwezinhlanzi eziphunyuke ezingwegweni. Ucwaningo luye lwembula ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zikhumbula isipiliyoni futhi zigwema ukuthatha enye i-bait izinyanga, okuyinto ibonisa ukusetshenziswa okucacile kwenkumbulo yesikhathi eside ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwayo.
Ubuhlakani bezinhlanzi
Inkumbulo akuyona ukuphela kwesici esimangalisayo sokwazi izinhlanzi. Lezi zilwane zibuye zibonise ukuziphatha okubonisa izinga elimangalisayo ukuhlakanipha. Bayakwazi ukufunda amakhono amasha, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo ngisho nokubonisa ukuziphatha komphakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwathola ukuthi ezinye izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukubona izimo, imibala, imisindo, ngisho nobuso babanakekeli bazo. Ukwengeza, bangabaxazululi bezinkinga abahle kakhulu, abakwazi ukufunda ukubalekela amanethiwekhi, ukuzulazula kuma-maze, nokwenza imisebenzi edinga inkumbulo nokuhlela.
Inganekwane uma iqhathaniswa neqiniso: ukuthi izithinta kanjani izinhlanzi ezithunjiwe
Inganekwane yokuthi izinhlanzi zinezinkumbulo ezimbi zibe nomthelela omubi endleleni eziphathwa ngayo lapho zithunjiwe. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuntula kwabo inkumbulo, izinhlanzi azihlushwa ukuvalelwa emanzini amancane ngaphandle kokukhuthazwa. Nokho, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi ezithunjiwe zingakhula isimilo esingajwayelekile uma bengahlinzekwa ngendawo enothile ebavumela ukuthi basebenzise amakhono abo okuqonda.
Ukubanikeza indawo ehlukahlukene, enezici ezibavumela ukuba bahlole, bafihle futhi bafune ukudla, akuthuthukisi nje kuphela inhlalakahle yabo, kodwa futhi kuvuselela ubuchopho babo futhi kubasize bathuthukise inkumbulo yabo nokuhlakanipha.
Izifundo kubantu
Ukutadisha inkumbulo yezinhlanzi akushintshi nje kuphela umbono wethu ngalezi zilwane, kodwa futhi kunemiphumela kubantu. Ngokukasosayensi uKevin Warburton, ukuziphatha kwezinhlanzi kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuqonda kwethu kanye nenkumbulo yethu. Ngokuhlaziya ukuthi izinhlanzi zikhumbula kanjani futhi zenze izinqumo, singafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinqubo ze ukufunda kanye nenkumbulo bebonke
Izinhlanzi zingaphezu nje kwezidalwa zasemanzini. Ikhono labo lokukhumbula, ukufunda nokuzivumelanisa nezimo libonisa ukuthi ziyizilwane eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlakaniphile okufanele sizincome futhi sizihloniphe.