La umthetho uketshezi lomzimba ezinhlanzini kuyisici esiyisisekelo sokusinda kwazo. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-osmosis, iqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlanzi zigcina ibhalansi eyanele yangaphakathi naphezu kwezimo zangaphandle zamanzi ezihlala kuwo. Ukuze uqonde lesi sihloko, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqondo yaso osmosis y ama-membrane angenawo amanzi, njengoba ziyizinqubo eziyisisekelo zale nqubo yemvelo.
Iyini i-osmosis futhi i-membrane e-semipermeable iyithonya kanjani?
I-Osmosis isenzakalo samakhemikhali angokwenyama esenzeka lapho izixazululo ezimbili zokugxila okuhlukene zihlukaniswa i-membrane ye-semipermeable. Kule nqubo, amanzi, asebenza njenge-solvent, ageleza esuka kwisixazululo esingagxili kakhulu (hypotonic) aye kwisisombululo esigxilile (hypertonic), ahlanza lesi sakamuva kuze kube yilapho kokubili kufinyelele ukulingana.
I-Las ama-membrane angenawo amanzi, njengesikhumba senhlanzi, vumela ukudlula kwamanzi kodwa hhayi usawoti noma ezinye izincibilikisi ezincibilikisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlanzi zincike kulezi zindlela ukuze zilawule usawoti kanye namanzi emizimbeni yazo, inqubo ebalulekile ukuze ziphile endaweni ehlala emanzini.
Inselele ye-osmoregulation ezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile
I-Los izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti Babhekene nendawo lapho ukugcwala kukasawoti ngaphandle kwemizimba yabo kuphansi kakhulu kunangaphakathi kubo. Kulokhu, amanzi avame ukungena emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa isikhumba kanye gill ngenxa osmosis. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile ziye zakha izindlela eziqondile zokugwema ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamanzi. Lezi zindlela zihlanganisa:
- Izinso ezisebenza kahle kakhulu: Izinso ezinhlanzini zasemanzini ahlanzekile zikhipha umchamo omningi oncibilikayo ukuze zikhiphe umchamo oweqile. amanzi elingena emizimbeni yabo.
- Ukumuncwa okukhethekile kukasawoti: Ngokusebenzisa ama-gill nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile, lezi zinhlanzi zigcina usawoti obalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi efanele yangaphakathi.
Ngenxa yalezi zimo, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile azidingeki ukuba ziphuze amanzi, njengoba ziwamunca ngqo endaweni ezungezile. Izinso zakho zidlala indima ebalulekile ukulawulwa kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abalahlekelwa usawoti odingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe umzimba wabo.
Amasu ezinhlanzi zamanzi anosawoti
Ngokuphambene nezinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti, izinhlanzi zasolwandle zibhekana nendawo lapho kugxilwa khona yokuthengisa emanzini kukhulu kakhulu kunasemizimbeni yabo. Lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa njalo kwamanzi nge-osmosis, okungaholela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi. Ukuze kuliwe nalesi simo, izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti ziye zasungula izindlela ezithile, ezifana nalezi:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi olwandle: Izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti ziphuza amanzi olwandle esikhundleni sokulahlekelwa uketshezi. Nokho, lokhu kusho ukungena kwenani elikhulu yokuthengisa.
- Ukuchithwa kukasawoti: Ngokusebenzisa ama-gill futhi kancane kancane ngezinso, aqeda usawoti oweqile.
- Ukukhiqizwa komchamo ogxilile: Izinso zakho zikhiqiza amanani amancane omchamo ogxile kakhulu okuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze amanzi.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi le nqubo ye-osmoregulation ibalulekile ukuze lezi zilwane ziphile endaweni yazo enosawoti, lapho izimo ze-osmotic ziphikisana nazo.
Izinto ezithinta i-osmoregulation ezinhlanzi
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-osmoregulation ezinhlanzini, kufaka phakathi:
- Ikhwalithi yamanzi: Izinguquko ku usawoti, izinga lokushisa ne-pH kungase kuthinte ikhono lezinhlanzi lokulawula uketshezi lwazo lomzimba.
- Izifo: Ukushintsha kwezinso noma amagill kungabangela ukuphazamiseka ku-osmoregulation, okungaholela ezifweni ezifana isifo sofuba o ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi.
- Ukujwayela imvelo: Ezinye izinhlobo, njengezinhlanzi ze-diadromous, ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zasemanzini, ezivumela ukuba ziguqule amasu azo osmoregulatory njengoba kudingeka.
Ukulawulwa koketshezi lomzimba ezinhlanzini kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ezivumela ukuba zivumelane nezinselele zendawo yazo yasemanzini, okuqinisekisa ukuphila kwazo. Ukwazi izindlela nezici ezithinta i-osmoregulation akusisizi nje kuphela ukuthi siqonde kangcono lezi zidalwa ezithakazelisayo, kodwa kubalulekile ekulondolozweni nasekulawuleni kwazo ezindaweni ezilawulwayo ezifana nezindawo zasemanzini.