La ukuxhumana kwezilwane Bekulokhu kuyisihloko esithakazelisayo kososayensi. Kodwa-ke, enye yezimfihlakalo ezihlolisiswe kancane ilele ezinhlanzini kanye nekhono lazo lokusebenzelana zodwa. Nakuba izinhlanzi zingenazo izintambo zezwi noma ulimi oluthuthukisiwe njengabantu, lokhu akusho ukuthi azikhulumi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lusiholele ekutholeni ukuthi ukuxhumana kwabo kungaba nzima futhi kuhluke kangakanani.
Imisindo Engaphansi Kwamanzi: I-Symphony Efihliwe
Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi uthule, kodwa lokhu kukude neqiniso. Izinhlanzi zine i-repertoire ehlukahlukene yemisindo abayisebenzisela izinhloso ezehlukene, njengokuxwayisa abanye ngokufika kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ukuheha abalingane noma ukuvikela indawo yabo. A ukutadisha kushicilelwe ku- Ichthyology & Herpetology yembula ukuthi izinhlanzi ziye zasebenzisa imisindo ukuxhumana 155 izigidi zeminyaka, okubenza babe ngesinye sezilwane ezinomgogodla zokuqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo zokuxhumana nge-acoustic.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezifundwa kakhulu, izinhlanzi ezifakwe i-stingray (Actinopterygii) zigqama ngenxa yazo ikhono lokukhiqiza imisindo ngokufinyela ngokushesha kwemisipha ehambisana nesinye sokubhukuda. Okusho ukuthi, lesi sitho basebenzisa lesi sitho hhayi kuphela ukulawula ukuvuthwa kwabo, kodwa futhi nokudala ukudlidliza kwe-acoustic.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemisindo eyenziwa yizinhlanzi?
Ngokusho kwesazi semvelo u-Aaron Rice waseCornell University, i- inhlanzi umsindo repertoire Isukela ku-"grunts" kanye "nokuchofoza" kuya kokuthi "snoring." Bayenza kanjani le misindo? Ezinye izinhlanzi zigedla amazinyo, kuyilapho ezinye zidala umsindo ngokunyakazisa amanzi ngamaphiko noma ngemizimba yazo. Lawa maphimbo awazenzekeli nje kuphela, kodwa angase abe yingxenye "yekhwaya yasekuseni" noma "i-chorale yasebusuku," efana nengoma yezinyoni ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Emindenini engu-175 de peces kuhlaziywe, kwatholakala ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zinamandla ukuxhumana ngemisindo. Lokhu kutholakala kubekela inselele inkolelo yangaphambili yokuthi izinhlanzi ezimbalwa kuphela ezinekhono elinjalo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana: Ngaphandle komsindo
Nakuba imisindo ibalulekile, izinhlanzi zisebenzisa nezinye izindlela zokuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye basebenzisa imibala yomzimba ukuthumela izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu emanzini acwebile, lapho ukukhanya kuvumela amaphethini nemibala ukuthi ibonakale kwezinye izinhlanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi, njengezinhlanzi zikagesi, zixhumana zisebenzisa ukushaqeka kukagesi. Lezi zimpawu azigcini nje ngokuziqondisa, kodwa futhi nokuxhumana nabanye bezinhlobo zabo.
Iqhaza lendawo ekuxhumaneni
Indawo yasemanzini ithonya kakhulu indlela izinhlanzi ezidlulisela ngayo imiyalezo yazo. Ezilwandle, lapho ukubonakala kungase kube nomkhawulo, i ukuxhumana kwe-acoustic kuvame kakhulu. Ngokuphambene, izixhobo zamakhorali, izinhlanzi zisebenzisa kokubili umbala nokunyakaza komzimba ukuze zixhumane. Lezi zixhobo, nakuba zingathuli, zigcwele imisindo ekhishwa izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasolwandle.
Kungani izinhlanzi zixhumana?
Izinhlanzi zinezizathu ezimbalwa zokuxhumana, phakathi kwazo yilezi:
- Okuheha izithandani: Zenza imisindo futhi ziveze izimpawu ezibukwayo ukuze zihehe abalingani ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
- Ukuvikela kwendawo: Basebenzisa iphimbo noma ukushukuma komzimba ukuze baxwayise ezinye izinhlanzi ukuthi zihlasela indawo yazo.
- Izexwayiso ze-Predator: Baxwayisa amalungu eqembu labo ngokuba khona kwezingozi eziseduze.
- Ukuxhumana kweqembu: Ezikoleni, izinhlanzi zivumelanisa ukunyakaza kwazo zisebenzisa izimpawu ze-acoustic nezibonwayo.
Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha aziqinisekisi kuphela ukusinda kwezinhlobo, kodwa futhi abonisa ukubaluleka kokukhulumisana ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, sithola ukuthi izinhlanzi zinekhono lokuxhumana eliyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho ebesikucabanga ekuqaleni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngemisindo, imibala, ukunyakaza noma izimpawu zikagesi, lezi zilwane ezingaphansi kwamanzi ziyaqhubeka zimangaza umphakathi wesayensi.