Bathi ngushaka onekhono kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Yize kunezinhlobonhlobo zoshaka kuzo zonke izilwandle nezilwandle zomhlaba, lo shaki okukhulunywa ngaye unamakhono kakhulu. Imayelana ne- ushaka obabulayo. Kuyaziwa nangamanye amagama anjenge-fox ekhanyisiwe, i-bigeye fox ne-tail fox. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Alopias superciliosusIngolunye lwezinhlobo eziyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Alopias kanye nomndeni wakwa-Alopiidae.
Kulesi sihloko, sizodalula zonke izimfihlo ze-thresher shark kanye nezici zayo eziyinhloko. Ngokungeziwe kulwazi olujwayelekile, sizofaka idatha ebalulekile mayelana nayo i-biology, ukuziphatha, indawo yokuhlala yomhlaba wonke kanye namasu okuzingela okusiza ukuyibona nokuyivikela, kucatshangelwa ukuthi ohlotsheni lwe-Alopias kunezinhlobo ezintathu (ezivamile A. vulpinus, i-pelagic A. pelagicus nalena enamehlo amakhulu A. superciliosus), enezici ezabiwe kodwa futhi umehluko obalulekile.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ungomunye woshaka abaningi isidingo sokuhweba Inedumela lomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyama yayo inobusha obungenakuqhathaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, its isikhumba Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo zesikhumba.
Ngenxa yalokhu kudotshwa okuqhubekayo kwabantu, i-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ubeke uhlu lwezinto eziphilayo endaweni esengozini. Lokhu kuzingela nokubanjwa kucatshangwa ukuthi kuqeda iningi labantu bakashaka emhlabeni jikelele.
Iso lenyama, okugqame kakhulu ngalo shaki amehlo alo amakhulu. Lamehlo asetshenziselwa ukuwabona kalula futhi uwahlukanise. Ngenxa yamehlo amakhulu bayabona ekujuleni kolwandle, noma ngabe kunokukhanya okuncane. Njengoba sazi, njengoba sincipha ekujuleni, sithola inani elincane lemisebe yelanga efikayo futhi, ngakho-ke, kunokulungiswa okuhlukile okufanele kubhekelwe ukukwazi ukuhlala ezinzulwini. Isibonelo, kunezinhlanzi isikhumba sazo esithambile ukuze sikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezingcindezi ezinkulu ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Kushaka onamehlo amakhulu (A. superciliosusAmehlo lawa ebekwe endaweni ephakeme ekhanda futhi ube nezimo ukuze uthuthukise ukubona ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme kancane kunalelo lamanzi azungezile ngenxa yezinqubo zokushisa ukushisa, usizo olwengeziwe lokugcina ukusebenza emanzini ajulile napholile.
Ngokombono we-taxonomic kungokwakho oda Lamniforms, umndeni we-Alopiidae kanye nohlobo I-AlopeciaNgezilimi ezihlukahlukene ithola amagama abhekisela kuyo umsila omude (njenge-'raposo do mar' ngesi-Galician noma 'i-foxfish' ngesi-Basque), okukhumbuza lokho kwezimpungushe zasemhlabeni futhi kuchaza umsuka odumile wegama lawo.
Descripción
Ushaka wokubhoboza unebanga eliphakathi kwamamitha amathathu no-3, kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-4. Imvamisa ifinyelela isisindo esiphakathi kuka-5 kg no-160 kg. Okugqama kakhulu, ngaphandle kwamehlo amakhulu, ubukhulu bephiko le-caudal fin.Ubukhulu baleli phiko bubodwa bungafinyelela kuhhafu wobukhulu bomzimba wonke.
Amaphiko e-pectoral, nokho, abanzi kakhulu kunobude. Ngokuqondene nombala wabo, singabona lokho endaweni ye- Isisu sinombala omhlophe. futhi yonke indawo yayo insundu ngokumnyama. Lo mbala ungenziwa iphutha ngokuthi ucishe ube mnyama, umbala ompunga. Ikhala layo lifishane linomhlathi omncane. Inamazinyo amancane abukhali ngokwedlulele. Umhlathi ongenhla wodwa ungaba namazinyo ayi-19 kuye kwangama-24. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, Ephansi ingakhiwa phakathi kuka-20 no-24.
Lolu hlobo lukashaka a umbhukudi omuhle Iyakwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esiphezulu. Inama-dentcles amancane esikhumba. Lesi silwane asicasuli nakancane. Kunalokho, ayinangozi kubantu.
Kubantu abadala kanye nemibungu, a umsele ovundlile kusukela ekuvulekeni kwegill emuva (isici esiwusizo sokuyihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zayo). I-dentition yayo ivame ukuchazwa ezinhlotsheni ezinjengokuthi 21/20 kuya ku-22/23 izingcezu emhlathini ngamunye (ngaphandle kwama-cusps esibili amakiwe), nakuba ensimini izibalo zihluka kancane ngenani labantu nosayizi.
I-caudal fin engaphezulu ende ngokungavamile isebenza njenge i-hydrodynamic lever ngamafuphi, ukuqondisa iziqhumane. Lo msila, ngaphandle kokuthi uhlukile, iyithuluzi ushaka ohulayo obamba ngalo futhi ushaqise inyamazane yawo, futhi uchaza impumelelo yawo enkulu njengomzingeli wezikole ze-pelagic.
Indawo yokuhlala ushaka waseTresher nohla
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lezi zilwane zitholakala ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha angama-30 kuye kwayi-150. Ngezinye izikhathi zingabonakala ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-500. Singawathola ehlala emanzini ezishisayo nezipholileLokhu kusho ukuthi indawo yokusabalalisa kwayo ihlanganisa cishe umhlaba wonke.
Uma sikuthola ezindaweni ezikuyo, singakuthola ku: I-United States, kusukela ogwini lwaseNew York kuya eCalifornia, nakwezinye izindawo ezinjengeHawaii, Cuba, South Africa, Japan, neNew Zealand.Ubukhona bubuye babhalwa empumalanga ye-Atlantic (okubandakanya iPortugal neSpain, nemibiko I-Mazagón), uLwandlekazi i-Indian (njengoLwandle Olubomvu) nezindawo ezinkulu ezisempumalanga nesentshonalanga yePacific. Uhlobo lwe-pelagic, kodwa lungakwazi asondele ogwini ukudla lapho kunenqwaba yezinhlanzi.
Yenza ukufuduka okuhlotshaniswa nokutholakala kwezilwane ezizingelayo kanye nama-gradients ashisayo, nokunyakaza okungahlanganisa amabanga amade. Ibuye iyethule ukufuduka okuqondile nsuku zonke (ukwenyukela phezulu ekuseni/ukuhwalala kanye nokwehla emini), ukuziphatha okuvamile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezilandela izikole de peces ezifuna izendlalelo ezilungile zokukhanya nezinga lokushisa.
Kwezinye izifunda, ama-thresher shark abonwa kakhulu eziteshini zokuhlanza noma ezindaweni ezine ukuphuma Izindawo ezinomsoco eziheha izinhlanzi ze-pelagic. Amasayithi e-Dive aziwa ngokuhlangana nama-thresher shark (wohlobo I-Alopecia) zihlanganisa izindawo ezifana I-Malapascua, lo Isiqhingi saseMalpelo, lo I-Socorro Island kanye nezifunda ze ENingizimu Afrika, lapho amathuba okubona enyuka ngenxa yezimo ze-oceanographic kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesizini kwenyamazane.
Ukudla
Manje ake sibheke ukuthi ushaka wokubhula udla ini. Ukuba ushaka onekhono, sisebenzelana nomzingeli impela. Inendlela yokuzingela ehlukile kunabanye oshaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isebenzisa umsila wayo ukuzingela izisulu zayo. Ngalo mqondo, iyakwazi ukusebenzisa ingcina ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Okokuqala ukushaya ebusweni nge-fin, okwenza izinhlanzi ziqale ukuqoqwa. Bese bephenduka ngomsindo omkhulu oshaya iqembu de peces futhi ngaleyo ndlela angakwazi ukuwahlasela lapho engenangozi.
Le ndlela yokuzingela ikwenza kube uhlobo olunekhono kakhulu. Ukudla kwayo kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko i-tuna, i-crustaceans, ingwane, izinkalankala, ama-squid nezinye izinyoni zasolwandle ekwaziyo ukuzikuzingela. Lezi zinyoni ziyatshuza ukuze zizingele izinhlanzi ezithile. Oshaka bayakwazi ukubazingela ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-pelagic, ivame ukudla izikole ze ama-sardine, ama-anchovies, i-herring, i-mackerel ne-needlefishIsilwane esivamile samanzi avulekile. Umlomo wayo omncane namazinyo amahle ajwayela ukubamba izinhlanzi ezimaphakathi/ezincane kunokudabula izingcezu ezinkulu zenyama. Uma ubuningi bezinyamazane buphezulu, i-thresher shark ingakwazi sebenzisana ngokukhululeka nabanye abantu ukuze bagxilise ingqondo eqenjini, kodwa ukuzingela uwedwa kuwumkhuba.
Indlela 'yesiswebhu somsila' yenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili: okokuqala, ushaka uyashesha futhi dweba indilinga ukuhlanganisa isikole ngokusiqondisa odongeni lwamabhamuza noma phezulu; bese, ibhuleka kungazelelwe futhi iqhubekisela phambili i-caudal fin ngokunyakaza okuzumayo nokunamandla, emangalisayo izinhlanzi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuyisu eliphezulu lokusebenzisa amandla okwandisa ukubamba ngomzamo omfishane.
Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukwephula (ukugxuma emanzini), kungaba ngesikhathi sokujaha noma ngemva kokuzingela; imizamo engosomathuba yokuthwebula nayo ibhaliwe izinyoni zasolwandle lokho kutshuza, ukuziphatha okuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kwawo okuhlukahlukene.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kukashark
Ake sibheke konke okumele ukwazi mayelana nokuzalanisa oshaka. Ukuzala kwalezi zilwane akuncikile enkathini yonyaka noma enyangeni ethile yonyaka. Ngakho-ke, Bangakwenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyakaLokhu kubanika inzuzo enkulu yokuzala futhi kungenzeka ukuthi, ngenxa yalesi sibonelo sokuzala, abekho esimweni esibi kakhulu sokulondoloza kunanamuhla.
Ngaphambi kokwenza isenzo sokukhwelana, kumele ngabe bafinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokocansi. Le minyaka iyahluka kuye ngokuthi owesilisa noma owesifazane. Abanye babo bangase bayifinyelele lapho beneminyaka emi-3 ubudala, kanti abanye bangase bayifinyelele lapho beneminyaka engu-9 ubudala.Konke kuncike emzimbeni womuntu ngamunye nasekukhuleni kwakhe.
Njengezinhlobo eziningi zoshaka, ukuzala kwabo kungokwalabo i-ovoviviparousLokhu kusho ukuthi amaphuphu akhula ngaphakathi kwensikazi, kodwa ngaphakathi kweqanda, isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyisi-9. Iqiniso elimangalisayo ukuthi laboshaka, ngenkathi bengaphakathi kweqanda, bavame ukudla ... amaqanda angavundisiweEzisikazi zingaba nabantwana abaphakathi kuka-2 no-4 ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, imibungu isivele ikhombisa izici zokuxilonga njenge-groove evundlile eshiwo ngenhla kanye umsila omude ngokulinganayoLapho izalwa, imidlwane ifinyelela ubukhulu obuhloniphekile uma iqhathaniswa nabanye oshaka, okuwanika amathuba angcono okusinda ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ukuba phakathi kwezinhlobo ezifunwa kakhulu ngabantu, kokubili ngenyama nesikhumba sayo, kusongelwa. Isobho se-Thresher shark fin sifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwengcebo eminingi ye-gastronomic. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izingxenye ezinkulu ziye zaqedwa ezikhathini zamuva kuwo wonke umhlaba we-thresher shark, nokwehla kwesifunda okufika cishe ku-80% kwezinye ukuhlaziya.
Ngaphezu kokudoba okuhlosiwe, i-thresher shark ihlushwa bycatch (i-bycatch) ngezimpahla zokudoba njengemigqa emide namanetha akhukhulekayo. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni eziningana ukuthunjwa kwayo kuvinjelwe noma kunqatshelweIzinyathelo zokuphatha seziqalisiwe, njengemikhawulo yesabelo, ubukhulu obuncane, ukunciphisa ukufa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, izindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle, kanye nezivumelwano ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zokuphatha izindawo zokudoba. Emazweni ngamazwe, isimo sayo sithi... Ukuhlukunyezwa (IUCN), eqinisa isidingo sokuqapha abantu kanye nokubeka phambili ukusimama.
Kuphelele akunangozi Kwabatshuzi, kunamahloni. Kunzima ukusondela kuzo, futhi azinalo nhlobo ulaka kwezinye izilwane ezinkulu kunazo. Ezindaweni zokutshuza lapho ukubonakala nemisinga kuthanda ukuhlangana, amakhodi wokuziphatha athuthukiswa nciphisa ukucindezeleka Ezilwaneni, gwema ukuyenga futhi uhloniphe amabanga aphephile.
Ihlanganisa izici zayo ezihlukile (amehlo amakhulu, umsila omude ngokungenakulinganiswa, kanye nemikhuba yezilwane ezifuywayo), izindlela zayo zokuzingela eziyingqayizivele, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo endaweni yonke emanzini apholile nasendaweni eshisayo, i-thresher shark izibonakalisa njengomunye woshaka abathakazelisa kakhulu olwandle. Ukuqonda indlela eliphila ngayo, elikudlayo, nokuthi ikuphi ukucindezela elimelana nalo kusenza siqonde ukuthi kungani likhona Ukongiwa kwayo kusemqoka Futhi kungani ukuyibuka enkululekweni kuyilungelo okumelwe linakekelwe ngendlela enomthwalo wemfanelo.
