Izinhlanzi eziningi zinikezwa igama elijwayelekile ngenxa yokufana kwazo okukhulu nezinhlobo eziqhathaniswa nazo. Isibonelo, i-parrotfish ne-zebrafish bathole amagama abo ngoba bafana nedube nopholi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngenye inhlanzi igama layo elijwayelekile eliyitholile ngenxa yokufana kwayo nempisi. Yebo, ake sikhulume ngenhlanzi ye-puffer.
Impisi inhlanzi Yaziwa nangokuthi i-Atlantic catfish, i-ocean catfish, ne-devil fish.. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Anarhichas lupus futhi ungowomndeni we-anarichádidos. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke mayelana nale nhlanzi?
I-Taxonomy namagama ajwayelekile
I-Anarhichas lupus Ngeka- Umbuso we-Animalia, I-Chordata Blade, Ikilasi Actinopterygii, Oda Perciformes y Umndeni wakwa-Anarihadidae. Ngaphakathi kohlobo Anarhichas Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene ziyabonakala (njenge A. denticulatus, A. okuncane y A. orietalis), konke kwaziwa ngokuthi inhlanzi impisi, nakuba lapha sigxile kwi-wolffish yase-Atlantic.
Ngaphezu kwamagama ayo adume kakhulu, le nhlanzi ingase ivele ezincwadini futhi ifakwe ohlwini olunamanye amagama: inja yasenyakatho, impisi eel, ikati lasolwandle o ibhubesi lasolwandle (akumele kudidaniswe nesilwane esincelisayo), ngisho naso amagama afanayo omlando ku-taxonomy yayo njengoba I-Anarhichas strigosus, I-Anarhichas vomerinus o I-Anarhichas lupus marisalbi, amagama asetshenziswa emisebenzini emidala noma ezifundeni ezithile.
Izici ze-Wolffish
Izinhlanzi zalo mndeni bezilokhu zinesibopho sokulawula imiphakathi yenkalankala eluhlaza kanye ne-sea urchinLokhu kwenza lolu hlobo lwezilwane lube yigugu kakhulu, njengoba lusisiza ukuba silawule izinhlobo ezithile eziyingozi kakhulu endaweni uma zishiywa zinganakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-wolffish isebenza njenge- inkomba yesimo esihle solwandle, njengoba ezindaweni ezonakaliswe kakhulu noma ezingcolisiwe ukuba khona kwazo kuncipha kakhulu.
I-wolffish ine- ukubukeka okuqinile nokuyingqayizivele lokho kuyawehlukanisa neningi de peces izindawo ezisogwini ezibandayo nezibandayo. Yakho amazinyo afana nawempisi: Inamazinyo angaphambili amane kuya kwayisithupha avelele, ayindilinga, nanamandla, afanayo kuyo yomibili imihlathi, alandelwe umugqa omaphakathi onamapheya emolars kanye nemigqa yangaphandle enamazinyo abuthuntu, ayindilinga. Le nhlanganisela, kanye ne-a ipuleti lamathambo olwangeni, ikuvumela ukuthi uchoboze amagobolondo aqinile kakhulu.
Engxenyeni engezansi yomhlathi, nayo inakho imigqa emibili ye-molar futhi, ngemva kwabo, amazinyo ayindilinga, kuyilapho umphimbo umbozwe amazinyo amancane ahlakazekile ezisiza ukugcina inyamazane yegobolondo futhi iyivimbele ukuthi ingaphunyuki.
Ngokuqondene nomzimba wakhe, unjalo phezulu kanye ne-subcylindrical ngaphambili, enokwakheka okubushelelezi nokushelelayo. Izikali zakhona rudimentary futhi egxilile, ehlala cishe efihliwe esikhumbeni, okwenza kube nomuzwa we-rubbery. I-dorsal fin okuqhubekayo futhi yinde kakhulu, inweba cishe yonke ingemuva, futhi i-anal fin nayo ibanzi. I-pectoral fins enkulu futhi eyindilinga, esebenza "njengezigwedlo" zokuqondisa ezinqenqemeni zamatshe, kuyilapho akanawo amaphiko e-pelvic, isici esivelele kakhulu seqembu.
I-Wolffish enkulu kakhulu kurekhodi Idlule ku-1,5 m ubude futhi inesisindo esingama-18 kg.. Umbala uyahluka phakathi onsomi, onsundu, oluhlaza okotshani omnqumo oluhlaza kanye nompunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enamabhendi angaba khona noma amachashazi okungafani okuphansi, okuyenza ifihleke kahle kakhulu phakathi kwamadwala, ulwelwe kanye nezingezansi ezixubile. Umzimba wayo ufana nowe-eel, ngakho-ke, lutho kancane, ethembele emandleni emihlathi nasekuqamekeleni kunokuphishekela izinto ezisheshayo.
Habitat
Isatshalaliswa nhlangothi zombili I-North Atlantic futhi ifinyelela emanzini olwandle I-ArcticEnyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic kuvamile ogwini lwe I-Scandinavia, i-Iceland ne-Greenland, kanye nasendaweni ye I-Barents Sea, i-Norwegian Sea ne-Baltic, ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela enyakatho yeBritish Isles futhi ingafika ngisho nalapho ogwini lwaseCantabrian kanye nezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. ENyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic, ithatha i-arc esuka e-Canadian Arctic iye I-Nova Scotia, i-Newfoundland ne-Southern Labrador, ukufinyelela cape cod futhi, kuyaqabukela, kungaba ukubona eNew JerseyItholakala naseDavis Strait eduze nesifunda saseCanada saseNunavut.
Njengoba zingabhukudi ngokushesha, ziyizinhlanzi ezinemikhuba umileNgokuvamile bahlala eduze “nemizi” yabo phakathi imifantu, imigede nemifantu enamatshe. Zitholakala ku indawo ye-benthic (seabed) futhi zibonakala emigodini emincane nasemakhoneni akhiwe amatshe emvelo nezixhobo.
Zihlala phakathi kwama-20 nama-500 amamitha ukujula., ngokuthanda okuphansi okunamatshe noma okuxubile okunamatshe amatshe, isihlabathi esimahhadlahhadla namagobolondo. Bathanda amanzi kubanda, namazinga okushisa avame ukushintshashintsha phakathi kuka -1 no-11 ºCUkuze umelane nalezi zimo, umzimba wakho uyakhiqiza i-antifreeze glycoprotein okuvimbela ukucwebezela kwegazi, ukuzivumelanisa okubalulekile ukuze baphile ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Lolu hlobo luyazwela ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kwendawo yokuhlala: lapho kukhona isimo esihle sesikhwama (ama-sediments amisiwe kancane, ukungcoliswa okuncane kanye nesakhiwo samadwala alondoloziwe), ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu; lapho okuphansi kwehliswa ngu udoti ophansi noma ukungcola, ukuba khona kwayo kuncipha.
Ukudla
I-wolffish isebenzisa imihlathi yayo enamandla ukuze idle Ama-molluscs (ama-clams, ama-cockles, ama-bivalves amakhulu), ama-crustaceans (izinkalankala) nama-echinoderms (ama-urchins olwandle). Amazinyo ayo angaphambili ayindilinga ayabambelela aphinde aphuka, kuyilapho amabala asemaceleni kanye necwecwe elingamathambo lolwanga. ukuchoboza amagobolondo kanye carapaces. Ngale ndlela bafinyelela inyama enothe ngamaprotheni namaminerali.
Kuyivelakancane ukuthi idle ezinye izinhlanzi, futhi uma kwenzeka, ngokuvamile kuba ngosomathuba. Ukudla kwayo okuvamile kugxile ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla ezinamagobolondo noma ama-carapace, ngenxa yemishini yayo ekhetheke kakhulu yokukhukhumala, ekwazi ngisho, ngokusho kokuphawuliwe, ukuluma ngokusebenzisa izinto eziqinile njenge-softwood ezakhiweni zasolwandle.
Inamakhono amahle okuzingela ngokuqamekela namandla amakhulu omhlathi; ngakho-ke, ilawula ngempumelelo imiphakathi yama-sea urchins nezinkalankala eziluhlazaEmanzini acacile, anomoya-mpilo omuhle anezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-benthic, inala yale nhlanzi ivame ukwanda, isiza ukugcina ibhalansi yemiphakathi yasemuva kanye nokukhuthaza amahlathi e-kelp nezimfunda zasolwandle ngokunciphisa ingcindezi ye-herbivory evela kuma-sea urchins.
Ukuzala
Indlela ye-wolffish yokuvundisa amaqanda ayo ihlukile kweyezinye izinhlanzi, njenge- ocean sunfish. Esikhundleni sokudedela amaqanda olwandle oluvulekile ukuze avundise ngaphandle, ukuvundiswa kungaphakathi y iduna lisala esidlekeni ukuvikela i-clutch isikhathi eside, okuvame ukufaka phakathi Izinyanga ezininganaLokhu kugcinwa kuhlanganisa ukungena komoya ngamaphiko ukufaka umoya-mpilo emaqanda nokuzivikela okusebenzayo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Amaqanda abekwe insikazi anawo phakathi kuka-5,5 no-6 mm ububanzi, phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo. Bangabakwa umbala ophuzi ophuzi futhi zibekwe ku Ngaphansi kolwandle ezindaweni ezingajulile nezivikelekile, ezakha amaqoqo e-gelatinous noma izixuku Banamathela emadwaleni nolwelwe. Bangaphinde batholakale benamathele ezigabeni ezivulekile ezizungezwe ulwelwe namatshe amatshe.
Ukuzalanisa, i-wolffish idinga ukufinyelela ukuvuthwa ngemva kweminyaka emininganaKusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke bangakha imibhangqwana ezinzile phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, okubonisa ukwethembeka okuphawulekayo esidlekeni nasendaweni. Lapho abasha sebebakhulu futhi benamandla ngokwanele ukuba bazimele, i iduna lishiya isidleke futhi izingane ziqala impilo yazo ye-benthic phakathi kwemifantu kanye ne-algae.
Lelisu lokuzala le ukuzala okuphansi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwabazali okuphezulu ihluke naleyo yezinhlanzi eziningi ze-pelagic futhi ichaza yazo ukuzwela ukuphazamiseka Indawo yokuhlala: Ukucekelwa phansi kwesidleke ngegiya lokudonsa ngodobo noma ukukhuphuka kwenhlabathi kunganciphisa kakhulu impumelelo yokuzala yabantu bendawo.
Isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo
Izibalo ze-Wolffish zehlile endaweni ezingxenyeni ze-Atlantic ngenxa ukudoba ngokweqile kanye nokubanjwa okungagunyaziwe (ikakhulukazi nge ukudonsa phansi). Lobu buciko, ngaphezu kokususa abantu ngabanye, Zibhidliza izindawo zokukhosela nezidleke lapho lolu hlobo lukhosela futhi luzalane, lusiphule amadwala, izipontshi, nolwelwe lwesakhiwo. Ukudoba kwezokungcebeleka, nakuba kungenamthelela omncane kunokudoba ngenjongo yokudayisa, nakho kuthinta izindawo lapho lezi zilwane zidotshwa kungazelelwe.
Ezingeni lokuhlola lomhlaba wonke, izikhungo ezahlukene zinikeza izindlela ezihambisanayo. IUCN ihlukanise i-Atlantic wolffish Idatha Enganele (ulwazi olunganele lokuhlola ubungozi obunembile emhlabeni wonke), kuyilapho enyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Atlantic, NOAA uveze ukuthi Izinhlobo Ezikhathazayo (uhlobo lokukhathazeka ngokongiwa kwemvelo) kwezinye izinhlu, ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezingcindezi zokudoba kanye nokuwohloka kwezindawo zokuhlala ezingezona ezemvelo. Ezindaweni lapho abaphathi bethuthuke khona futhi sebesungule ukuvalwa okuphansi, amadivaysi okunciphisa i-bycatch kanye izindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle, izimpawu zokululama ziyabonwa.
Ngaphandle kwengcindezi yokudoba, izici ezifana nalezi ukufudumala kwamanzi futhi izinguquko esakhiweni semiphakathi eqotho zingashintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kanye nempumelelo yokuzala. Uma kubhekwa indima yabo yemvelo kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo (ukukhula kancane kancane, ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile, nokunakekelwa kwabazali), kuyancomeka beka phambili izinyathelo zokuphepha: thuthukisa ukukhetha kwegiya, nciphisa ukudotshwa ezindaweni ezibucayi, vikela izindawo ezizalela kuzo futhi ukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa okufanele lapho kufanele.
Ngenxa yokudla kwayo, i-wolffish iyi-a i-keystone predator emiphakathini ebandayo ye-benthic. Ngokunciphisa ukuminyana kwama-sea urchins nezinkalankala ezithile, uthanda amahlathi e-kelp kanye nama-substrates aphilayo anikeza isiphephelo sezilwane ezingenamgogodla nezinhlanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kucindezela, ama-sea urchin angadla ulwelwe ngokweqile, enze indawo engaphansi kwamanzi abe mpofu futhi anciphise ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.
Nakuba ukubukeka kwayo kunamandla, inyama yayo injalo emhlophe, eqinile futhi ehlwabusayo, iya ngokuya yaziswa ekudleni kwesifunda samazwe aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Ama-steaks, ama-broth, nezitsha ezigazingiwe ziyazuza ekwenziweni kwayo okuhlangene. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwentshisekelo yokupheka kufanele kuhambisane izindlela zokusimama: Ukukhetha ukubamba okuqinisekisiwe, ukugwema izibonelo ezincane, nokuhlonipha izinkathi zonyaka ezivaliwe kanye nosayizi omncane kuyizinyathelo ezidingekayo zokugwema ukucindezela okwandayo kuhlobo nendawo yazo.
Ngokuqondene nokugcinwa kwayo ku-aquarium yomphakathi, isebenza kuphela kuyo izikhungo ezikhethekile amanzi abandayo, anemiqulu emikhulu, ukupholisa okunembayo, okungaphansi kwamatshe kanye nezindawo zokukhosela eziningi. Ku-aquariums yasekhaya ayinconywa ngenxa yayo usayizi, izidingo ezishisayo nokudla ezikhethekile.
Kusayensi yasolwandle nasekufinyeleleni abantu, i-wolffish ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge izinhlobo ze-flagship ukuchaza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimpahla zokudoba, ukwakheka kwendawo ezungezile nokusebenza kwezindawo ezibandayo ezibandayo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa kwazo okuthakazelisayo ngokusebenzisa amaprotheni e-antifreeze.
Ungayibona kanjani ngokubuka nje? Ikhanda elikhulu elinemihlathi egqamile nezindebe eziwugqinsi, amazinyo angaphambili ayindilinga abonakala kakhulu lapho uvula umlomo, umzimba omude i-dorsal fin enkulu eqhubekayo, ama-pectorals abanzi kanye nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwamaphiko e-pelvic. Umbala onsundu, oluhlaza okotshani, noma oluhlaza sasibhakabhaka-mpunga, ngokuvamile onemigqa efiphele emaceleni. Ihlala phansi futhi ngokuvamile igwema ukubhukuda kukholomu yamanzi.
Ngakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, i-wolffish iziveza njengenhlanzi engenakuphikiswa yase-Atlantic ebandayo: uchwepheshe wokuchoboza amagobolondo, umlindi wesimo sesikhwama y ingxenye ebalulekile yebhalansi ye-benthicUkulondoloza izindawo zayo ezihlala kuzo kanye nokudoba ngobuhlakani izindlela ezimbili ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuqinisekisa ukuthi iyaqhubeka nokufeza indima yayo yezemvelo kuyilapho igcina ukubaluleka kwayo kwamasiko nezokupheka ezifundeni lapho kuyingxenye yesiko lokuhamba olwandle.