Sibuya nenye yezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezifunwa kakhulu yi-aquarium hobbyist. Imayelana nenhlanzi yezithombe zamaMoor. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Zanclus cornutus futhi ingenye efunwa kakhulu futhi efunwa kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Yinhlanzi yamakhorali enemibala yayo iyenza ibe yinhle ngendlela emangalisayo. Kuyinhlanzi eyinkimbinkimbi ukuyigcina., ngakho-ke ochwepheshe be-aquarium kuphela abangazama ukuyinakekela. Ukujwayela kwayo ekuthunjweni kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokuzijwayeza ngenxa yokondliwa kanye ngenxa yengcindezi, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuhlela ukugcinwa kwayo ngokuningiliziwe.
Uma ungungoti futhi ufuna ukulinga ukunakekela inhlanzi yezithixo yamaMoor, ingabe ufuna ukwazi konke mayelana nale nhlanzi nezidingo zayo? Ngezansi uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele nezidingo, imingcele kanye nezincomo ezisebenzayo ezisuselwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kanye nemithombo efakazelwe.
Izici eziyinhloko
El I-Zanclus cornutus Ngowomndeni wakwaZanclidae kanye ne-Perciformes oda. Umzimba wayo unawo umumo wediski ocindezelwe kakhulu eceleniUmhlathi wayo unoshubhu futhi unomlomo omncane onamazinyo amaningi amade. Ukuze idle, isebenzisa ikhala layo elivelele ukuze ikhuhle futhi ihlale ifuna ukudla emadwaleni, ematsheni, izipontshi nolwelwe.
Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi i umgogodla wesithathu we- dorsal fin unwebeka ube umucu efana nesiswebhu esimhlophe, nezinsimbi ezimbili ezimnyama ezinqamula umzimba. Amaphiko awaqinile kakhulu futhi ahambaUma umucu usikwa silwane esizingelayo noma ingozi, ungaphinde ukhule. Izibonelo ezindala zingase zibe ne-gibbosity encane ekugcineni kwekhanda, futhi i-dorsal filament ngokuvamile ithuthukiswa kakhulu.
Lapho zisencane, lezi zinhlanzi zibukeka i-angelfishAmaphiko ayo aphuma emlonyeni anonxantathu futhi mafushane kakhulu. I-anal fin imise okwephiramidi, i-caudal fin inonxantathu, kanti i-pectoral fin iyisiyingi. Le nhlanganisela yomumo inika izinhlanzi ubuhle obukhulu nokubonakala ogwini.
Bangakwazi ukukala kuze kube ngamasentimitha angama-25 ku-aquarium futhi, uma bekwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, bayakwazi ukuba neminyaka yokuphila engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Emvelweni bangaba seduze 30 cm ukusuka empumulweni kuya emsileni futhi ngokuvamile zibonwa ku imibhangqwana noma amabhentshi ezindaweni zamadwala nasemithambekeni engaphandle.
Ukusabalalisa kanye ne-taxonomy: Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi kulo lonke izwe I-Indo-Pacific (kufaka phakathi izifunda zoLwandlekazi i-Indian kanye nenkabeni nasempumalanga yePacific), enobukhona obubhalwe phansi Hawaii, East Africa, kanye nezingxenye ze-Eastern Pacific. Uhlobo yilona lodwa emndenini wakwaZanclidae; ngokomlando zazichazwa bomcondvofana njengoba I-Chaetodon canescens (abancane) kanye I-Chaetodon cornutus (abadala). Igama elithi "cornutus" libhekisela ku amaqhubu amancane phezu kwamehlo kubonakala kwezinye izibonelo zabantu abadala. Kubhekwa njengokuhlobene ne-butterflyfish futhi yabelana ngokufana okusebenzayo ne-surgeonfish, nakuba ayinawo ama-caudal spines ejwayelekile ye-Acanthuridae.
Izidingo zesondlo
Usayizi we-Aquarium
Inhlanzi lena kuyinkimbinkimbi impela ukuyinakekela. Ngakho-ke, abakhethekile kuphela abakwazi ukuzigcina benempilo e-aquarium. I-Zanclus cornutus kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze uphile. Into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele i-aquarium nobukhulu bayo. Endle, le nhlanzi ijwayele hamba amabanga amade ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zamakhorali befuna ukudla. Ingumbhukudi ongakhathali, ngakho-ke izodinga i-aquarium enkulu ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo zokuhamba. Okufanelekile Yithangi okungenani elingamamitha angu-2 ubude futhi lingaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ububanzi. Kunconywa ukuthi ithangi okungenani libe ngu-50 cm ukujula, ukuze likwazi ukusebenzisa amaphiko alo ngokugcwele.
Njengenkomba ewusizo, ama-aquarists amaningi ayavuma lokho Akwenzeki emanzini amancane kunama-400-500 amalitha okwesibonelo esisodwa, nokuthi imiqulu ephezulu (700-1000 amalitha) nge ubude bangaphambili obukhulu ngcono kakhulu ukujwayela kwabo kanye nephethini yokubhukuda. Ivolumu enkulu, imingcele izoba nezinzile futhi ukucindezeleka kuzoba kuncane, enye yezitha zayo ezinkulu.
Kutuswa ukuyethula yenhlanzi yokuqala yohlelo, ezindaweni zasemanzini ezivuthiwe (ezinamadwala aphilayo kanye nezilwane ezincane ezincane), ukuze kube lula ukuphakela nokuqapha. Ubukhona be izindawo ezinomthunzi nemigede ikusiza uzizwe uphephile.
Ukudla
Enye imfuneko ebalulekile yayo ukondlaEndle idla kakhulu ama-microinvertebrates nezipanji ezihlala ezixhotsheni zamakhorali nasemadwaleni. Ngakho-ke, i-aquarium kufanele ibe nayo amadwala aphilayo avuthiwe kanye nezindawo ze-algae ezihlinzeka nge-microfauna ne-biofilm phakathi nesigaba sazo sokuzijwayeza. Badinga nezindawo eziningi zokucasha ukuze baphephele uma kunesidingo.
Ekuthunjweni, kubalulekile ukuhlela a ukuqeqeshwa kokudla okuthuthukayo ukwamukela esikhundleni sokudla okunempilo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, ama-specimens amaningi asabela kuphela ezilwaneni eziphilayo ezifana i-brine shrimp noma i-mysis. Uma usudle njalo, ungadlulela ku ukudla okunothisiwe (izingxube ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesipontshi, njengamafomula ezingelosi zasolwandle), futhi ngemuva kwalokho qhwa-omisiwe noma ama-pellets ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ukunikezwa kwe i-nori yasolwandle kuma-pincer nezingcezu ze-bivalve kugobolondo elinguhhafu kungashukumisa ukulunywa.
Ukuvama nokuhlukahluka: bangabadli kancane futhi uyakhetha, ngakho-ke kuhle ukwenza ukudla okuncane izikhathi eziningana ngosuku (3–5) nezinye izinhlobo zokudla ukumboza amaprotheni nesidingo se-fiber. Yengeza nge ama-multivitamini nama-HUFA fatty acids ayasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuguguleka komugqa oseceleni. Nakuba abantu abaningi bekwamukela ukudla okomile, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa a isisekelo ngezipontshi ekudleni ukuze ulondoloze impilo yakho esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside.
Izinyathelo Zokuqaphela I-Reef: Naphezu kwedumela layo, akuyona inhlanzi "ephephile-ephephile" ngokuphelele. Ingakwazi ukuchoboza amakhorali (ikakhulukazi I-LPS, i-zoanthids nama-polyps), futhi ukuhambisana kwamakhorali kubhekwa “ngokuqapha.” Uma umgomo wakho kuwumthombo ohlanzekile, cabangela ezinye izindlela zobuhle ezifana U-Heniochus diphreutes (isithixo samanga samaMoor), sibekezeleleka kakhulu ekudleni futhi iyahambisana namakhorali emaqenjini amaningi.
Ukuhlanza amanzi
Enye yezidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu (uma kungenjalo ezibaluleke kakhulu) yi ikhwalithi yamanziEndaweni yayo yemvelo imisinga yamanzi kunalokho ibuthakathaka futhi amanzi ayo esobala kakhulu, nge umthwalo ophansi wezinto eziphilayoLokhu kusho ukuthi amanzi ase-aquarium kumele agcinwe ehlanzekile kakhulu. Gwema isiyaluyalu esiningi kodwa qinisekisa umoya-mpilo ophezuluI-skimmer enhle, indawo ehambayo, kanye nesilinganiso esifanele sokugeleza/ivolumu kubalulekile.
Imingcele yezakhi: gcina i-ammonium ne-nitrite ku-0, futhi ama-nitrate aphansi ngangokunokwenzeka (okungcono ngaphansi kuka-5 mg/l, kubekezeleleka kufika ku-~20 mg/l kuphela kuma-specimens acclimatized ngokugcwele). ama-phosphates kufanele ibekwe ngaphansi kuka-0,03 mg/lUkushintsha kwamanzi okuvamile (10–15% ngesonto noma biweekly) ngosawoti wekhwalithi kusiza ukuzinzisa uhlelo.
Ukuhlunga nokusekelwa: a oversized protein skimmer Kunconywa kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe ikhabhoni ecushiwe ukucacisa amanzi kanye nezinhlayiya ze-antiphosphate uma kunesidingo. Ukufakwa kwe ama-ozonizer namalambu e-UV Izihlungi ezilungiswe kahle zinganciphisa umthwalo we-pathogen futhi zithuthukise ukubonakala, okuholela ekutheni ukucindezeleka okuncane okwezinhlanzi.
Amapharamitha we-Aquarium
Ukuze lezi zinhlanzi zijwayelane ngokuphelele, i-aquarium kufanele igcine imingcele elinganiselayo kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa kufanele libe nxazonke phakathi kuka-24 no-26 ºC futhi i ukuminyana phakathi kuka-1.020 no-1.025. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa a I-pH ezinzile phakathi kuka-8,1 no-8,4, futhi a i-alkalinity 8–12 dKH lokho kukhuthaza ukuzinza okuphelele. Igwema izinguquko ezingazelelwe, ikakhulukazi kusawoti kanye nezinga lokushisa.
Lapho idla, le nhlanzi ikhiqiza imfucuza okumelwe ilawulwe. Ukwenza lokhu, a amaprotheni skimmer ngempumelelo. Inhlanganisela ne i-ozone ne-UV isiza ukuqeda ama-parasites futhi ithuthukise amandla I-Redox amanzi, okuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yawo. Ukukhanyisa okunamandla kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwe-algae okumaphakathi kanye ne-biofilm, izinsiza eziwusizo ngesikhathi sokujwayela kokudla.
Izifo zeZanclus cornutus
Njengezihlobo zabo, inhlanzi ehlinzayo, isithixo samaMoor sizwela kakhulu ezifweni ezinjenge I-Oodinium (Amyloodinium) y I-Cryptocaryon irritans. Zombili izifo zesikhumba ukuthi ziba zimbi kakhulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi kanye nezinga lamanzi eliphansi. Iyazwela futhi sofuba futhi i isifo somugqa wecalaLezi zimo zingabulala izinhlanzi uma zingelashwa ngokushesha.
Ukhiye yi- ukuvimbela: ukuvalelwa kwangaphambilini, ukujwayela okungajwayelekile, amapharamitha azinzile, ukuncintisana okuncane kwe-intraspecific nokugwema abangani abanolaka noma abashesha kakhulu. ukukhanya kwe-UV, i-ozone kanye nokudla okunomsoco nokuhlukahlukene kunciphisa ukwenzeka kwamagciwane futhi kuqinise amasosha akho omzimba.
Uma kwenzeka ukuqubuka, khumbula ukuthi into engcono kakhulu ungasebenzisi imithi equkethe ithusi, njengoba engababekezeleli kahle. Khetha ezinye izinqubo ethangini lasesibhedlela (isb., Ukubhekwa kwe-quarantine, ukuphathwa kwengcindezi, nokwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco), njalo ngaphansi kokwahlulela kochwepheshe. Ukuphatha kufanele kube okuncane futhi ngokucophelela: Yinhlanzi enovalo ekwazi ngisho ukuhlupheka ukwehla kungazelelwe ngemva kweziqephu zokwethuka noma umsindo omkhulu.
Thuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe- I-Zanclus cornutus
Ukukhulisa amathuba okuzivumelanisa nesithombe samaMoor, kufanele kubhekwe izinto eziningana. Okokuqala ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthola izibonelo ze-aquarium ngenkathi zisencane kakhulu. Lokhu kuzobasiza ohlelweni lwabo lokuzijwayeza. Njengezinye izinhlanzi, ezincane kunazo zonke evumelana nezimo kuzimo ezintsha. Eyesibili yayo ukondla.
Esinye sezizathu ezenza bahluleke ukuzivumelanisa nezimo yi- ukucindezeleka. Kubenza bayeke ukudla bese befa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina i-aquarium nayo amadwala amaningi aphilayo nezindawo zokucasha njengoba sishilo ngaphambili. Uma sifuna ukuzethula ngezinye izinhlanzi, kufanele kube ezolile futhi engenakuncintisanaNgale ndlela, bazokwazi ukugcina ubudlelwano obuzinzile futhi bagweme ukuhlehla. Uma izinhlanzi namanzi zihlala zizolile, ukucindezeleka kwazo kuzokwehla.
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwakho, kubalulekile ukuthi udle kuphela ngenyamazane ephilayo njenge-brine shrimp phakathi nezinsuku zayo ezimbalwa zokuqala uma yenqaba ukudla noma yini enye. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi iqale ukudla kancane kancane. Uma idla izimfanzi ezine-brine ngaphandle kokungabaza, singayishintsha sifake uhlobo oluthile lokudla okuqandisiwe. Lapho ishwabadela konke ukudla okufriziwe okunikezwe yona ngaphandle kokungabaza, ungazama ukudla okomisiwe kanye neqhwa, abagcina bemukele inqobo nje uma impilo yabo isezingeni eliphezulu.
Amathiphu awusizo wokujwayela: cela ukubona isifanekiso ukudla esitolo; cisha izibani emahoreni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokufika kwakho; sebenzisa i-drip acclimatization; ikhawulela ukuncintisana endaweni yokudla; nikela amathongo anezinhlobonhlobo zokudla kanye izingxenye ezincane; ihlanganisa a ehlanza njengoba I-Labroides dimidiatus kuphela uma umhlangano kanye nesipiliyoni kuvumela, ngoba kungasiza ukulawula ama-parasites angaphandle, nakuba ukugcinwa kwawo kuhlanganisa nobunzima.
Ukuhlalisana: emanzini amancane noma ngezibonelo ezinomehluko omkhulu ngosayizi, kungenzeka ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-intraspecificIsiqondiso esiphephe kunazo zonke ukugcina ikhophi eyodwa ithangi ngalinye, noma a iqembu elikhulu (5 noma ngaphezulu) Kuphela ezinhlelweni ezinkulu kakhulu, ezethulwa kanyekanye ukuze kuncishiswe izingxabano. Gwema abangani ngokushesha kakhulu noma ethukile ukususwa ekudleni.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha: Ayikho idatha ethembekile mayelana nokuzala kabusha ekuthunjweni kwasekhaya. Endle, umjikelezo wabo uhlanganisa a isigaba eside se-pelagic larval okuvumela izibungu hamba amabanga amade; kuchazwe izibungu eziseduze no-8 cm ubude, into engavamile phakathi kwezinhlobo zasolwandle zokuhlobisa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izimo zamanzi, amatshe nokudla zigcinwe zisesimweni esikahle ukuze izinhlanzi kancane kancane zijwayele ukuphila ekuthunjweni. Uma ufuna enye indlela elula futhi esibukeka sifana nengxubevange yamatshe, “isithixo samanga samaMorish” (U-Heniochus diphreutes) ngokuvamile inketho ebekezeleleka kakhulu ezandleni zochwepheshe.
Isithixo samaMoor si isithonjana se-marine aquaistics kugcinelwe izimfundamakhwela ezithuthukile: kudinga amathangi amakhulu navuthiwe, amanzi angenasici, isipontshi ukudla kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka ngokucophelela. Ukuhlela, ukubekezela, nokungaguquguquki kwenza umehluko phakathi kokwehluleka kanye nempumelelo yesikhathi eside ngalolu hlobo olumangalisayo.